Name : Anggita Yuhana Siregar

NIM : 200403045
Unit/semester : 1/3

Transition signals and punctuation

Transition signals are linking words or phrases that connect your ideas and add cohesion to
your writing. This transition signal can help readers easily understand your writing ideas.
There are many functions of transitional signals. First, the transitional signals make it easier
for the reader to follow your ideas. Second, they create powerful links between sentences and
paragraphs to improve the flow of information across the whole text. The result is that the
writing is smoother. Third, they help to carry over a thought from one sentence to another,
from one idea to another or from one paragraph to another.
Here are some basic guidelines to use transition signals. Firstly, transition signals are
usually placed at the start of sentences; however, they may also appear in the middle or end
of sentences. Secondly, a transition signal, or the clause introduced by a transition signal, is
usually separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. Thirdly, you DO NOT need to use
transition signals in every sentence in a paragraph; however, good use of transition words
will help to make the relationship between the ideas in your writing clear and logical. 1.
Transition signals to introduce an example: Specifically, in this case, to illustrate, for
instance. 2. Transition signals to introduce an opposite idea or show exception:
Alternatively, in contrast, on the other hand 3. Transition signals to show agreement:
Accordingly. 4. Transition signals to introduce an additional idea: Additionally, as well as,
in addition, again, also. 5. Transition signals to indicate sequence or order, or logically
divide an idea: After, eventually, previously, next, finally, first, second, third, at this point,
followed by, subsequently, simultaneously, at this time, last, concurrently, ultimately, before,
meanwhile and then. 6. Transition signals to indicate time: After, earlier, previously, later, at
this point, finally. 7. Transition signals to compare: Likewise, like, just like, another way to
view this by comparison, balanced, against, whereas, while, similarly. 8. Transition signals to
contrast: a different view is, even so, nevertheless, yet. 9. Transition signals to show cause
and effect: and so, consequently, therefore. 10. Transition signals to summaries or
conclude: as a result, in conclusion, therefore.
Punctuation marks are symbols that the author gives to the readers to make it easier for
them to read the author's writing and understand how it should be read. Punctuation marks
are used to provide meaning, clarity, and intonation in read sentences in and There are 14
punctuation marks commonly used in English grammar. They are period, question mark,
exclamation mark, comma, semicolon, colon, hyphen, dash, brackets, curly braces, curly
braces, quotes, and ellipsis. Three of the fourteen punctuation marks are appropriate for use
as sentence endings. They are the period, question mark, and exclamation point.
1. A period/full stop ( . ) is placed at the end of sentence, to be complete and after many
abbreviations. Example as a sentence ender : Jane and Jack went to the market.
Example after an abbreviation: Her son, John Jones Jr., was born on Dec. 6, 2008.
 2. The question mark (?) is used to indicate a direct question or indirect question.
Example: When did Jane leave for the market?
3. The exclamation point/mark (!) is used when a person wants to express a sudden add
emphasis. Example to emphasize a point: My mother-in-law's rants make me furious!
The comma, semicolon, and colon are often misused because they all can indicate a
pause in a series.
4. Punctuation comma usually used to separate two or more words. Additionally, it is used in
numbers, dates, and letter writing after the salutation and closing. Example for direct
address: Thanks for all your help, John.
5. A semicolon (;) can be used instead of a conjunction to separate one equivalent sentence from
another equivalent sentence in a compound sentence. Example John was hurt; he knew she
only said it to upset him
6. A colon (:) used at the end of a complete statement followed by details or explanations.
Example I didn't have time to get changed: I was already late.
Two other common punctuation marks are the dash and hyphen. These marks are often confused
with each other due to their appearance, but they are very different.
7. A dash is used to separate words into statements. There are two common types of dashes: en
dash and em dash. The first is En dash: Twice as long as a hyphen, the en dash is a symbol (–)
that is used in writing to indicate connection. For example: She gave him her answer — No!
8. Hyphens are used to join two or more words. For example, part-time, back-to-back, famous.
Parentheses, curly braces, and brackets are symbols used to contain words that are continuations
explanation or considered as a group.
9. Brackets/square brackets are square notation ([]) used for technical explanation or to clarify
meaning. Example: He [Mr. Jones] was the last person seen in the house.
10. Curly brackets ({}) are used to contain two or more which can indicate that they are
considered as one unit. They are unusual in most writings but can be looks in computer
programming to show what it should contain line. They can also be used in mathematical
expressions. For example, 2{1+[23-3]}=x.
11. Brackets [ () ] is a curved notation used to contain qualifying comments. However,
parentheses can be replaced with commas without change the meaning in most cases.
Example: John and Jane (who are actually half-brothers) are both red-haired.
The last three forms of punctuation in English grammar are apostrophes, quotations sign, and
ellipsis. Unlike the previously mentioned grammatical marks, they are not related to each other in
any form.
12. apostrophes (') are used to indicate the omission of letters or letters from a word, possessive
case, or the plural of lowercase letters. Apostrophe example used include: Examples of
omitting letters from a word: I have seen the film several times. He's not the only one who
knows the answer.
13. Quotation marks (" ") are a pair of punctuation marks used primarily to mark meaning and to
indicate unusual status Example: "Don't go out," he said. Single quotation marks (' ') are most
often used for quotation marks within quotation marks.
14. Ellipses are most often represented by three periods (...) though sometimes indicated by three
asterisks (***). Ellipses are used in writing to indicate omissions, especially letters or words.
Ellipses happen often used in quotes to jump from one phrase to another Example of word
omission: He started counting, "One, two, three, four..." until he reached 10, then went looking
 for him. Becoming more understanding in using punctuation marks can improve writing
skills because punctuation is important for writing so that writing looks neater and easier
for readers to understand.
Transition words and phrases, also called linking or connecting words, are used to link
together different ideas in your text. The transition word can provide more information that is
in addition, in fact. Provide an example that is for example. Provide a cause or reason
provide a result or an effect that is finally. Provide a purpose or reason, for fear that. Provide
a comparison or contrast that is however. Provide a sequence before, after. Provide a
summary briefly. And the last is provide the conclusion given these fact.
Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences. You use punctuation
marks to structure and organize your writing. There are 12 punctuation in English that’s it
period (.) question mark (?) exclamation point (!) apostrophe (‘) comma (,) parentheses ()
brackets [] semicolon (;) colon : hyphen - dash … quotation mark “”
Capitalize the first word in every sentence. More and more people are exercising
regularly. Daily workouts have many benefits. For instance, they can help you sleep better at
night.