7. 13) 41.4 19 © 1100) 141) 4.42 ( 1.18 ( 1180) 1190) 1.20) 1.24 @ 1.22 ( yar() 1:28 (a) 1.29 (b) 1.30 (o) 1.31 ¢ 136(@) 1.37 (4) 1.38 (4) 1.39 (6) G16 (0). 17 116: (a) 114) 145 @) 1.46 @ 1.17 (¢) 1.23 (d) 1.24 (0) 1.25 (c) 1.26 (0) 1.82 (170) 1.33 (75) 1.34 (a) 1.35 (a) Power Semiconductor Devices & Commutation Techniques gis Both positive and negative gow MOSFET is used for this frequency range. fs Ea Since both the thyristors are working in parallel the voltage difference will be same. 1200.05 = I, x 0.06 p= 120x5 6 = 100A Ge During on state MOSFET works as resistor. ew The circuit should not turn-off before making off the thyristor. eo o> ———9 fp AP vg so ‘t___} When reverse current flows through diode D $0 I< and Vp,=0 When MOSFET is in ON state Ig > Oand Vpg=0 When MOSFET is in OFF state 1, = Oand Vig>0 ts ———}+— 4 +Vpq— 516 | GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: EI | mpg ge During interval = Ha Under saturated state, Var is greater than Vir, this means base-emitter junction (BEd) is forward biased. Further eq (i) shows that Vis negative under saturated conditions, therefore base Collector junction (CBJ) is also forward biased ie Rated current during on state 1 = 10 ON state resistance Ry = 0.150 MOSFET is ON O i, = 199(1 6°" Gate pulse width required = time t2k0 by rise upto I, = T = 250 x 10 188.56 us, With of the pulse = T= 188.56 us Magnitude of voltage = V= 10 Voltage second rating of PT (coset) Diode conducts for 360ieee ete eee 2 ‘puring one half cycle, SCR can be in orward pjocking made and by applying gate pulse, the 08 operates in forward conduction mode (ON state). ut SCR can not be turned off by applying gate pulse pe Device-A: When diode is forward biased (ON state), V, = 0, i,>0 diode is reverse biased (OFF state) V, <0, ‘When thyrisoris ineverse blocking made, V, <0, i=0 thyristor sin forward blocking, V,>0,i,=0 thyrstorisin forward conduction mode, y, — -v, Device-c ace Jr tus ‘When the device is ON, V, = 0, > 0 The device is OFF, V, > 0. a Reverse current can flow through the diode so i, sint0*T=05 10*T = 90° or 0.528rad T= 52us a ‘BUT blocks positive voltage and diode blocks Negative voltage and both devices allows positive curent.TEEIIIEN Phase controlled Rectifiers 2.1 (4054) 2.2 () 23 (F) 24 (694.21) 29 (d) 2.410 (c) 2.11 (@) 2.12 (2) 2.17 (b) 2.18 (d) 2.19 @ 2.20(0) 2.25 (0) 2.26 (c) 2.27 (c) 2.28(c) 2.33 (@) 2.34 (d) 2.35 (c) 2.36 (23) 2.40 (17.07) 2.41 (oc) 2.42 (61.53) 2.47 (224.17) 2.48 (a) 2.49 (c) 2.50 (0) 2.53 (c) 2.54 (90°) 2.55 (a) 2.56 (0.78) Phase Controlled Rectifiers sot V, = IR +E Yn(1+-cosa) = LR +E Qn PP cosa) = 1000.01 +20 nt 1+ cosa = 0.4241 a= 125.16 Triggering angle Ore (E = sin = 4,054° ) Ew ALE load with discontinuous conduction. 25 () 26 (a) 27 (©) 298 2.13 (0) 2.14 (6) 2.15) 2.16 |, 2.21 (b) 2.22 (bd) 2.23 (4) 204 2.29 (d) 2.30 (b) 2.31 (b) 2.32 5 2.37 (69°31’) 2.38 (0.78) 2.39 2.43 (0) 2.44 (57.7) 2.45 (6) 2.46 5 2.51 (0.707) 2.52 (17.39) 2.57 (81.65) Sol. (False) EB so. t = 594,208 V Em BV py _ 3x 4402po 8 | Pome Este we Each thyistor conducts fr 120° cut oF 360" Ting = 150 ng eA av 8 2 ge ai Vp snot = 2 svat» it % | Sint at cover! (cosa—coset) {i) For extinction angle, at wt = B, i= 0 Vn = “er (©084-CosB) Which gives, cos a = cos B cost where ne 1,3,5 Lowest harmonic present is fith harmonic. Its frequency = 50 x6 = 250 Hz, Be Due to tree wheeling action, negative voltage is ‘eliminated and power factor is improved in single- phase half controlled rectifier ae ee a When ‘ais positive with respect to 'b’ diode 0, ‘conducts and diode D, is reverse biased,532 | Applying KVL, Vzg = 100 V (rms) So, diode D, is subjected to reverse voltage of 400.V (rms). Similarly during negative half cycle. D, is subjectedto reverse votage of 100 (rms). Thus. for diode D, and D, peakreverse votage’s 100, V (maximum value othe volage across the diodes). Baw By drawing the (output) voltage. Each diode conducts for 120° only. ‘There are three pulses of output voltage during cone cycle of input voltage. So, frequency ofripple 3x 400 = 1200 Hz o ‘Maximum value of input voltage Vy = 4002 V Since load is purely resistive, therefore peak instantaneous output voltage Vy, = 400V2V Gate previous Yeors Solved Papers: FAI | rrr Ros Supp vate92 Waves Shogo Ny has peak valve of 2300BV at gy 2 Ihe tyistoris 996d at fring ang, output voltage will also have pea, 2a0V2V. ‘The supply voltage at a= 135° Velgaiage = Ym SiN135° = 230v2x4 30 2 So, when thyristor is triggered ato = 13 290 V will appear across the load, peak value of the output voltage, Bae Without considering source indy (Transformer inductance). ¥ =o ‘Ater considering transformer leakay Ele Load current is constant = 10A In3-9full converter with fee wheeling Input displacement factor (IOF) = COs a = cos 60° = 05 RMS value of source current 7 ae, 1 Vos Ys IMS value of n® harmonic ly gn l= oe sin™ °° Rm 3 RMS value of fundamental cu ave ', sin60° = ~Power Electronics Fy grent distortion factor (CDF) current Input power factor (IPF) = CDF x IDF = 0.955 x05=0.478 C) T, and T, gets forward biased, when Vj, sin 8, SE Igy = (average current) 1 pro, = afglh “Wn sinor—2)00 fers)» 5a [av cost E2091 1 Bax2 where, 0, = sit = sin (zon) 38° = 0.66 rad 1 7 = 230 c0s36" Bye 2N2 *20000% = 200(n-2 x 0.66)] = 11.9 oo e ror = cos(a+2) 0.866 = ena) seg [2 «(200 x VB Joos 0,-200(n-2 6) 533 Let DC link current DC voltage applied to the inverse A | v, = 420V | Power fed to the inverter P= Vily=5OKW > 4201, = 50x 10° 1, = 119.058 if jeriod of Current through each thyristor flows for period ! 2ni3. 'S0, rms current of thyristor. TF Ups = Vind 129" 4 1-9 fullwave half controlled bridge converter without } free wheeling diode is shown in the figure. Me INE. il TD, TD, Tid, 120, } = im TB | HTB | Hi Ato =a, T, is fited and T, starts conducting | load current flows through T,D, for ee < «ot < x. 1s At @ t= x, V, becomes negative and D, gots reversebiased and D, istonwardbiased.Soduring ||| X<0f will become reverse biased. So, D, will conduct and Tis already conducting. Soload current will low through T,D, and ¥o = Vs Ew For fing angle, a, average output voltage of the converters given by 2M 2 cosa. 7 Vge Bacoetr 200 when, a= 60° % MV, etn cos60° © = 300 cos60" = 150 Ede | ae Opa eee oe Freewheeling diode conducts for 2aover complete cycle Fraction = Ede + ooo ee 15v— 5 536 Eo GATE Previous Years Solved Papers: FE | ADE Conduction time = xViC ea (00 =n( 0°) 210") [ }! = 1005 EW sor. mo Let us assume al the impedance WN flow fy only closed pathis required, «, 4 phases one phase is pen circuit Lot According to correct vision, \ lame lame = 230 pe 20 0238 The transformer ratio is given as 1k I 3 + men = pu ad hes Kou 4 aos eI «: According 3 phase source waveform The inout power factor (PF) s defined as, p= Meas Eas. % 4 At 5 ms the circuit is as shown b ha oo pt ‘Pose ' Dt 7 2B ave a Pr = cosa = = c0sa0" ® x PR = 0,78 (Lagging)Yea = a t integrating on both sides lsat ol Pa [io a Loonie ‘when t= 0.0025 sec, at this instant i 100 $00nx31.83%10" {-00s 100 0.0005] +K =-707+K e707 ‘The peak valve ofthe inductor current wil be at (ot=*) ai Yat coste)+ age = t-coste]+K 100 100 __.707 100K x31 83x10 Florone cycle at = 2xrad =6.28 [wt=25}>> [or =2nrad = 628) Each capacitor votage's approximately equal 0 100 2V,,~200V , 7 1 - int - alt) % [fos ao Jupsnor cto = cosa = Dior coss0'] <6189¥ Input power factor CDF «DF, power factor at ac mains = 7 7 = ewsa= Poosso +078 In the 3:9 diode bridge rectifier each diode conducts for 120° for one complete cycle™ 538 | Previous Years Solved Papers: EQ. j og Rhy, [Wo] = 200v 55 Power balance equation, Lr 7 IR 4+ Vo ly [ * Power fed to source = VI, 200%30 2 tn (22st) 220 d-921 ; ea n= 2.46. Average reduction in output votage due to source inductance = AV,y el Vig = 4 fl Iy ‘Alleven harmonics are presen: % 50> (10.10°9) x 14 Fundamental frequency Vg = 28V = 2f, = 250 ag = “(ose cosa) a fp = “B[(cosa.-cos(a+w * Sol. a0, 1250] vy Diode current 23 =m 11-cosu) Teer = 9 7 FD will not conduct for resistive 02: aE {1-cosu] 0.282 = 1- cos cosy = 0.717 we 4aare :. Conduction angle of diode = 180+ 44.17" 224.17we a ,(tms) = "15 -cog (fms) = — lp cos 30° 2 28 -eoxcof 17398 Vs y= 2 = 52 (34080) E,l,= 1600 j 1600 = y= 20A | yo Brkt, Yo(3+ cosa) = 80+ (20x BrlB+ cosa) = 80 + (202) 7) 539 Bay For 6 pulse converter harmonics present in AC current are 6k:= 1 Lowest order harmonic = 5 Lowest harmonic requency = § x 50 = 250Hz us Vol080 = Voly For single-phase fully controlled converter, 10A 257) AC line current ms = es = 81.658| fanswers | Choppers | 3.2 (40) 3.11 (c) 34 (c) 3.3 (a) 3.10 (d) 3.12 (b) 3.19 (25) 3.20 (31.2) 3.24 (1) 3.27 (3.5) 3.28 (a) | p sheen 05 \ 3.29 (40) 3.30 (12) 3.31 ( 3.4 (b) 35 © 36 (a) 3.7 (@ 3.13 (bo) 3.44 () 345°) 3.46 (c) 3.22 (a) 3.23 (0.75) 3.24 (2500) 125) 3.32 (b,c) 32 Ea he 33 Ty CW, _ 2x10 x 200 _ 3.8 (a) 3.9 3.17 (b) (a) 3.18 (c) 3.25 (0.4) 3.26 (60) 3.33 (24) 40us 10Baw As the given chopper is buck chopper. Waa, VoTon _ aV,(1- a) Ape “olen. alta) tu = 222) +t 2 this is applicable only at the boundary of continuous and discontinuous av,(1=a) 2 im aV,A(1— a) “Heit t 1 AG-a) Flat GATE Previous Years Solved Papers : FT| Tao Ry. s oe 7, = 200m ms During Ty, Voltage across inductor V, = 60-12=48V ‘Area under V, -tourve during. T, A, = V, Tog = 48% 200% 10° ‘Current through inductor, arcde pe), ardalt Sov areande eave A= [Pua = [Ss = [Pld =Urn =u Where A= peak o peek rope cure equating A, and A A= A = xan «10% Ly = 20x 10%xa a= ous smutiplying and dividing by A} @east | Power Electron ing the period Ty, chopper is on and load eis equal t0 Source volage (V, = 100 v) ingtheinteral Ts. Choppe of ead current flows through the diode a result oad votage js7o10 UNG Tore jwerageload voltage, uti * 400 sverageload curtent, =80V ‘As load current is ripple tree, so average diode current, 1-08) x8= 1.68 (a Inlly main thyristor (S,) and airy thyristor (S) areof and capacteris assumed chargedio votage V,with upper pete postive. When S, is turned on, source voltage Vis applied across ad andload current J, begins to flow which is assumed to remain constant. With 8, ON another oscilatory Gicuit consisting of C,S, and Lis armed where the capacitor curentis given by i= Yale Snag Socurrent through S,, poser Peak value of I, = 40 msec ho aL a3ct0%» 200% 10 = 0.1254 Ty Initially, main thyristor (m) and auxiliary thyristor (A) are off and capacitor is assumed charged tO votage V with upper plate aositve. When "tis tumed on at ¢= 0, source voltage Vis applied ‘across load and load current /, begins 10 flow \whichis assumed to remair constant With nt ON at t= 0, another oscillatory circuit ‘consisting of C, m, Land Dis formed where the capacitor currents given by + Ipsin axtcapacitor voltage charges from +V,'0-V, sinusoidally and ‘he lower plate becomes positive. Atay Oi, = hand V,=-V, A thyristor Ais turned on and capacitor volage Vapplies reverse voltage across thyristor in and, SCR ‘mt is tumed off. Tre load current is now carried by Cand SCR A So, minimum time for which SCR‘! should be = m2x107 1x10 = 140 us Toy +2 V9 = v,| out en | WO, uf 7548 | where, oa = Yeon * 2m f = 250{140 x 10 (225 x 108] x(1 x 10°) =475V Eade My OO ———— When, switch in ON, V, ‘Switch is OFF, Vy = V, and t Duty cycle = a= 2H 205 The circuit shown in the figure is step up chopper ‘and for step up chopper, average output voltage, a) 4. 2 Laov og * H08" Average current through diode tp Fle = (To) age Peak current = 1438 = 54 ® ‘Asitis a boost converter, average curentthrough ‘capacitors ze. «.Averageitrough eapactor = Coy Ido (4 OT+(,-1)(1-O)T=0 [D+ l,-1D=I,+1D=0 GATE Previous Yeas Solved Papers: EEA | mpg, = hell, on, * RID) AU-0) a) s 20(1-0.4)" 3 v, = [Tow = Fema lomn = ripple source curren: 4 Ty = OT. tipple source current = (OT) 12 = Exon yo0x 10 25 = 01924 sol, The circuit shown is a Buck chopper The peak o peak ripple inte inc [ay To | ar= Molo aT a = 50x205%10 1x10" EJ sol. Given step up chopper, 400v 250V Top = 2x 10 sec Bs,549 I Power Electronics AV, - V3) = 45. feulaa 250% 107 ie. ov 400 20% 10° Hence, itis a boost regular. : anes. Beau ( at Ju = 32x10 sec faa | ape “hs 32x10> o-(7.) Fe 31.2kez| a=075 . a . a” Condition for boundary of inductor current EFT sot | Vy = hR+E : % E ‘Average voltage across inductor is 26"0. ge Boe R i 30 (Ty) -20.F y= ME | i } = (0420-5 = 3 ge The average voitage across inductor, V,=Oand seb hence the given circuit is a boost regular so When switch ‘S is off, diode Dis on then \ average voltage across capacitor is equal to a | average votage across he load so, Ye . : Hi ee Peak vlage across switch = 24 + 36 = 60\V | Ny ae EE so. Hf od ta | a it “Ev | During the interval Ot T,, | Yeh, During the interval T,, tT =i - FFI= tt Neglecting ripple ini, = Ig Vo=11.1N01 =35A Since capacitor is very large i state isdeug* (any = 06x50 © 10x10 x(0.6x 10%) =5A At pea = fy + Ae (Dpuar = 4 +> = 404 Peak value of current drawn from source = Wan 40 EET) sol. EE sol. Buckboost converter, During 7, the circuit behaves as di at y,easy | Power Electronics ecsrangon bath sides, y = aT =F =B0N10% 5 Brig? SONI =08A Duting Ty. its T,,stsT WL Y= VV W)qg = 0 Velo + We-VMBT- T,) =0 VBT= \BT-T.) a IH Bow om B-06 + | From the grap o +% 1 Nuag = 2 — uy = 2 1 _ phate > Power transerted 0 B.'s PEVxlus — wherell,= 1) Os. Hence tis a buck converter v= av, V,= 05 100=50¥ he % 0 SOA Aaa YI, = Noh Voto _ 80%50 i= Lee 2A vy, 100 tye 5A \ st Bg vse Given that Supply voltage, V, = 48 Loadresisanen, fA, = 248 Switchlaquency. [= 28042 On time o ste (Ty) = 18 Timo porod,F Ams Dutyeyclo,a = Zou 18 925 Tams _ UY au? Load power = =O Other solution: Load power (P,) Vi, = Vo 12 5a 24 ‘A\boundary of continuous and dscontrupus, auth 2 ov, w= Mas be 052 ay 501010Inverters a1 © 42 1 43 (20) 44 (>) 45 (a) 46 (d 47 Wd) 48 (@ 4.9 (0) 4i0(@) 4.11 (@) 4.12 (©) 4.13 (6) 4.14 (b) 4.15 (©) 4.16 (b) 4.17 (b) 4.18 (6) 419(2) 4.20 (b) 4.21 (d) 4,22 (d) 4.28 (d) 4.24 (77.15) 4.25 (d) 4.26 (62.75) 427 (10) 4.28 (@) 4.29 (24) 4.30 (9) 4.31 (198.06) 4.32 (b) 4.33 (c) 4.34 (112.9) Inverters Sol. For fifth harmonics (True) 4M (ii) Sax V2 ~ Sol. Nel 4V,/5V2n 1 Percentage = —S—~=— x 100 = — x 100 y= 2% sinnot 2 4V,/J2n 5 : ro h8e = 20% For fundamental component 4V, Ge = ad Ai r Conduction time = = 20 -5msec558 | CO Me ya mF “1 (output) voltage ¥ % sinnd sin sinnot asia. 2 RIMS. value of fundamental component, n= 1 = AM sind Vox = 120, «. 2d= 120", -. d= 60" = AM x sin6or =078 v,=0.78V V2 i To liminate 5 harmonic, Sd=0,n,2n=d= Pulse width = = (0°, 72°, 144°) oy The output voltage in both 180° and 120° conduction mode can be described by the fourier series as follows: GATE Previous Years Solved Papers In 180° conduction mode, line output voltage 5 Me coe 5 tem onfans : a) line toneutral output voltage 6 sir & Msinnar 2 Vo where k= 0, 1, 2, In 120° conduction mode line to neutral output voltage 5 ofa line output voltage = 3, ye E Sasa ors + noses ™ where k= 0, 1, 2. itis lear rom equation (i) (0), outout wave form contains only odd-harmonic, tae 5 Betons) 8 ‘As MOSFET have internally antiparale oo! MOSFET can not withstand reverse votag to which MOSFET can not be as cur inverter (CSI) «nsit_|_ Power Electronics aston uri sees. = AY, Mm. = Y Sein sinna: woe 3 sing saint gufs vale of fundamental component of output votes Me sore oo rv, 7 (oaraugt-(osruy - “YY sryy = 318% a in-phase VSI working in 180° mode: Vet ve vp Ly Pole voltages a square wave. Thetefore harmonics presentin pole votage Va a Inline voltage waveform even and Tripplen harmonics re not present we 559 Load urrentincreases linearly from -1pt0 [dung Oats. Where [p= Peak valve 0! roe 1 eb sec @” 2x50 100 Jpand t= fig = Ip 18) ‘The circuit shown inthe figueis a single phase bridge auto sequential commutated inverter (1-phase ASC. Thyristor pars T,, T, and TT, are alternatively switches to obtain a nearly square wave load Current, Two commutating capacitors, one C, in the upper hal andthe other C, in the lower halt ‘are connected as shown, Diodes D, to D, ae connectedin series with each ‘SCR to prevent the commutation capacitors from ischarging int the load, The inverter output frequency is controlled by adjusting the period T through the triggering circuits of thyristors, The theoretical maximum output frequency obtainable fee a” FRC 7 1 4x 10x0.110% = 250kHz mw Device used in current source inverter (CS!) must hhavereverse voltage blocking capacity. Theretore, devices such as GTOs, power transistors and ‘power MOSFETs cannot be used in a CS}, $o, a lode is added in series with the devices for reverse blocking,RMS value of line voltage 2) froosinet ator + *lo Pe 2 y= [2° P eaten ” 0 a Fo!) +f so0sinar dons "Tray, RMS value of load phase voltage we = " Ye _vBy, _ 300x2 aa v By 900%N2 . yasay °F roosinat tons “f -00., on gh tenet Osa 00 * = 00801— 08180" + 605/12 +€08(180" +g) on, = ©08(360°— a) + cos(125, Total power consumed = 3P = 3 KW 1 208 360° coon ae As V, <0, (Q,, D,) and (Q,, D,) should work. Also P= Wig As 1,>0 P<0 Powers being feedback. So D, and D, are working ey set The output voltage V, can be represented by Fourier series as under: [-eosa+ 1+ cosy tgp Power consumed by each resistor os F ajcosnat+b,sinnat nett. where 2 Jrljeosnet oat) a % ot b= F Jrosinnet do) vt a ¢[foseseaen+ 1-100 coset oat) Flo a e ‘are + Ftoocosat cat) "1002280 oes) whe ” oe = + F toocosar aos “f -nnr a] whe ao = nas 80"-0) sa + sin( 180°) ~ sin( 180° - @) ~ sin(180° + a) + sin180° + sin(360° ~ a) - sin( 120° +o) ~ sin360° + sin(360°— a)i a coption (a}is correct gn OP +05 OlS2n s* ‘The ms value ofthe fundamental component of outputvotage, xm - Garey ‘Amplitude of the value is peak value (i.), Yuu = VBx4949 = 70V — f a Vga isthe amplitude of fundamental voltage at the VSL. Voge the amplitude of fundamental voltage at the resistor. FIX) RX] = Hi) 5-/50 ze =ASTL5IPO where, Xy= © OxS0x68 66x10" © X=ob = 20x 50x 955x107 =39 4972571 “CILSTHEB = 27529250 | 561 The amplitude ofthe fundamental component in the output voltage, V, = 6275 sol m,=08 (Veh mst] = 08x250=200V Coa = Me 200 200_ 10 ae, \ Ney. sind = ove) = Pulse width where 2d= 120° d=or ay, sin6o* uf ? a ' sev © = L “ 300 v- i100,|2 ~ 244.04 v V3 gt _ 3x(24a ga? R 3 KW 2) = JFP + (ol? mv = (a+ (2xt UF a? +[2n «50. = er +0 = 50 a= tan = tan 4y, | 4220 ve Power = Voy fy 208 Vi = BM 4220 _ sag o6y Actve po = vax ae Mp ¥, zZ, rage (22y ya, Velho 10? « 100 ow 56 48 Vigam = MMos Modulation index Puss wean 112.00 M pM Obeps | Power lectronics Eg cecal ives 52 @ 53 @ 54 ©) 55 @ 56 @ 57 @ 58 ci 59 @ g Ee A T= Stating torque developed by the rotor 15N-m T, = Load torque = 7 Nm T, = Accelerating toque = Ts radisec* DCeurent ,, = 20 Solar cellesistance 5a where, ik, = Back-emf constant = 0.25 Vitpm Average output voltage of 1-$ half controlled The bridge acts as inverter, Output voltage of 3 fully cortrolled bridge oY, =cosa : Mncoen =-28 SOB o08 s40 a= 125° snoptona\scicrt4V : Therefore, each thyristor will be reverse biased a loraperad 55° ‘Speed changes from ~1600 rpm to 500 rpm in 05ser, Ew Soangular acceleration For a3 induction motor stator voltage per phase is given b 500-1500 given by 7“! Vy = VORA Non Ok, 418.86 radlsec? % Torque = T=20N-m we a fee To keep the @ constant, constant Vif control is applied and voltage (V,) varies linearly with 048 kg? frequency (,) For frequency above 50 Hz, such control is not possible because voltage can not566 | GGATE Previous Years Solved Papers: [| MADE by be increased above rated voltage. Therefore, for = ecosa = -190 frequency above 50 Hz, voltage iskept constant. ® During this contro! induction motor is said to be 5 2x2 280 ose = 139 ry working in field weakling mode. x 7 Bae 59 [Oo aad mK ee | OL] For a separately excited de motor back emf = E, = Vp~1,F, Since, losses are neglected R, canbeneglected 80, B= VW LON “0 en Atrated voltage V, = 440 Vand N= 1 rated voltage V, = 440 Vand N= 1800¢pm:o, Let torque developed by the motor = Load rave = T, = 7504 ) M at half the rated speed. ( pm | output Jerating torque, Voltage ofthe bridge (Vis 20 1 Ii, isthe average vae of amature curentims At pont value of supply current will be Tn = T= Tn~ ‘So,noaceleration, hence the motorruns 2s. Ny, Power delivered tothe motor Ve = Vole Input VA to the thyristor bridge Ne 5, = JaVy, At point C, erie Terk Input power factor . a So, motor wil accelerate and come: When the disturbance increases so A point D, 0.354 et Bxatoxiy q tee Motor will decelerate and comes a» He So, mors stable at pont A Average output voltage ofthe converter, When the motors operating at port My Tye Y= “Bcosa a Teo Load.curent = Jy = 10.8 ita smal disturbance decreases spe Back em s0V ht Armature resistance = R = <0 Applying KVL, Motor wil decelerate and motor Vo 2lg+ 150 =0 on decreasing 3) Yy=-18042x 10=-190¥ ithe disturbance increases speea” T>0 Motor will accelerate and motor speed will keep conincreasing go, motors unstable at point B. si] @ V, = E,+1,R, ‘pt 20% 1 5, = 130V Forhalf the rated torque, 567 Ss: T, = 278x0, Aer neglecting tational osses (Ty= T= 1 trated load 1, = S00Nm =278x 0, = 17985 > 1e0radisec570 | COEEE Miscellaneous 63 (0) 64 (b) 65 (A) 6.12 (6060) 6.13 (b) Miscellaneous 66 (a) so0co Thyristor circuits that directly convert polyphase ac voltages from one frequency to another frequency are called cycloconverters. Ee Ifthe input power is P,, The gross power, P= (1-3)P, Slip power which can be recovered = sP,, Let V,is the peak value of input vollage Vp, = 2302 As firing angle = a $,sopeak voltage across resistance loadis also V, Peak power dissipation inthe load Vi. (230v2)? 3 Tn = 10580 W GATE Previous Years Solved Papers 67 @ 6.14 (b) 6.18 (0) a! ROE en, 68 (@) 69 (0) 6.16 (b) 6.10 ©) 6.14 aa impedance ofthe lead Za RK 50 +500 02.245" oe The output votage (Vis contolable wena. s0 for 0° < « < 45°, output voltage is ., controllable. ‘When switch is connected t0 A for tine dura, 1 A 4 Naggeh ve Be 7 3 Vout = Vin \hen Sitch connected o Bfortne asx h A 0 — % Average output voltage = 2 h+Tz qT where, a = duty cycle Therefore, the converter shown is a step do chopper.} | converter acts as line commutate inverter and fr such mode « > 90° and ¥, is negative ‘eretore battery supplies energy to AC: ‘system. so cutent through battery 400-4, For y= 00" =90°, inaximum current ow through battery MS value of supply currentin case of 3-4 bridge converter BaP 2 = 40/2 NS of KA rating of the input transformer = VBVe = V8 x400%32.66% 10-°KVA = 2262KVA 4 6A ge ‘The maximum firing angle at which the votage across the device becomes ¢=load angle. vm 4 2xx50%16%10° (eee) 0 =e) ms value of current through SCRis me a J {te snot-of we Dela * 22 fs ON 2x JP Onx 50x 16x 107 = 22.93 ~23A aA 1,= e020 500 [++ Inductor willbe short circuitedin DC] eI -e%) L_ 200x10° R300 4x 104560 50x 10% sec Given, “oxo = 02|1-6 2" 40m 165A j ie c soa wv ge | gam 7 1 VarxR v___ 100 ¥, 100 eso 1165x107 ® To maintain the direction of power flow from system 20 system 1 the vtage V, = 485 KV ard votageV ‘Since, current cannot flow in reverse direction. Caton 0) corect answer572 | ge V, = 100V2sin(100n0) V iy 10,8si(100m1-#) + 54Rsin(00nt+ =) ABsn( soon) a Fundamental omponentofinputvolage (V), = 100V2sin(100nt) 100v2 (Dyme = 222%? 400 am = Fundamental component of current (y= 10 Bsin{ 100% i Jove (s,s EB 10 Phase difference between these two components Active power due to fundamental components P= (Vs rma (sang 298 9 100 10 x 0.5 =500W Since, 3 and 5" harmonics are absent in input voltage, there is no active power due tothe these components. Hence, active power drawn by the converter P, = Active power due to fundamental ‘components = 500W 100 Ams value of curent, (22}-e2) 2 | mee) (S| = 11.3588 Lotinput power factorcos¢ Vins He 008 @ = ACtIVE POWEY crane converter, _ = 100x14.388c0s9 = S00 cosp = 0.48 sin 100 xt teosy i. ffs oad, Yaa [fF svemt-cton- fe =-05V