‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ )ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ( ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬
‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رﺷﻴﺪ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻛﻢ و��ﻳﺔ دﻳﺎر ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺐ‬
‫‪ 25‬ﻣﺎرس ‪1918 – 1915‬؟‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ 8‬ﻓﺒﺮاﻳﺮ ‪ 1873‬‬
‫ا��ﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮر ﻳﺔ اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫‪ 6‬ﻓﺒﺮاﻳﺮ ‪ 45) 1919‬ﺳﻨﺔ( ‪ ‬‬
‫إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل]‪ [1‬‬
‫إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺎر ﻧﺎري‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎدة ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺐ]‪ [2‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎ��]‪  ،[2‬وﻃﺒﻴﺐ]‪ [2‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ ا��ﺗﺤﺎد واﻟﺘﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ا��وﻟﻰ‪ ‬‬
‫واﻟﺤﺮوب‬
‫‪1 of 19‬‬
‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A...
‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ )ﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ(‬
‫ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ )ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺔ‪(Mehmet Reş�t Şah�ng�ray :‬؛ ‪ 8‬ﻓﺑﺭﺍﻳﺭ‬
‫‪ 6 - 1873‬ﻓﺑﺭﺍﻳﺭ ‪ [3](1919‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻁﺑﻳﺑًﺎ ﻋﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳًﺎ ﻭﻣﺳﺅﻭًﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺣﺎﻛﻡ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ .‬ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻲء ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﻧﻅﻳﻣﻪ ﺗﺩﻣﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺷﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻳﻭﻧﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻛﺭ"‪[7][6][5].‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ‪ [4].‬ﻭﻋﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﺳﻡ "ﺟﺯﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺣﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺮة اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ دﻳﺎر ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﻮات ا��ﺧﻴﺮة‬
‫ا��رث‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬
‫ا ﻧﻈ ﺮ أ ﻳ ً‬
‫ﻣ��ﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮس‬
‫ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺑﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺩ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻓﻲ ‪ 8‬ﻓﺑﺭﺍﻳﺭ ‪ 1873‬ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺷﺭﻛﺳﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﺍﻻﺿﻁﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫‪[9][8].1874‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴ��د‬
‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺩﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺳﻛﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺑﺭﺍﻁﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻁﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻣﺔ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺩﺕ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎة‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1894‬ﻋﻣﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻗﻲ‪[10].‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻣﺅﺳﺳﻲ ﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻟﻠﺑﺭﻭﻓﻳﺳﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻟﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻧﺞ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﻰ ﺣﻳﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻮﻓﺎة‬
‫ﺍﻛﺗﺷﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻁﺔ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1897‬ﺗﻡ ﻧﻔﻳﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻟﻳﺑﻳﺎ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻋﻣﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻃﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺑﻳﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﺍﺑﻠﺱ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .1908‬ﻭﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻁﻧﻁﻳﻧﻳﺔ )ﺇﺳﻁﻧﺑﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻳﻭﻡ( ﻭﺗﺭﻗﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺗﺑﺔ ﺭﺍﺋﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻣﻝ ﻛﻁﺑﻳﺏ ﻋﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﺩﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺭ ﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺗﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫‪[11].1909‬‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﺻﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ‪ 20‬ﺃﻏﺳﻁﺱ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻡ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻬﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ 9‬ﺃﻛﺗﻭﺑﺭ ‪ 1909‬ﺟﻌﻠﺗﻪ ﻗ ﺎ ﺋ ﻡ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎ ﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺰب‬
‫‪ İstanköy‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻓﺑﺭﺍﻳﺭ ‪ 1910‬ﺗﻣﺕ ﺗﺭﻗﻳﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣ ﺗ ﺻ ﺭ ﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻣﺹ‪،‬‬
‫‪[12].1911‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻣﺳﻳﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻧﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺑﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺇﻗﺎﻟﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻭﻧﻳﻭ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎرك‬ ‫ﻗﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻲ]‪[13‬‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﻁﺭﺍﺑﻠﺱ ﺑﺻﻔﺗﻪ ﻣ ﺗ ﺻ ﺭ ﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻛﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﻻﺯﻳﺳﺗﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻧﻭ ﻗﺭﺍ‬
‫‪11/12/2021, 7:51 PM‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ )ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ( ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A...‬‬

‫‪[14].1914‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺳﻣﻰ ﺣﺎﻛﻡ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ 13‬ﺃﻏﺳﻁﺱ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﺼﺪري )‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titl‬‬
‫‪e=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D‬‬
‫‪8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ دﻳﺎر ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫‪D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻧﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻣﺗﻁﺭﻓًﺎ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺗﺯﺍﻳﺩ ﻭﺑﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1914‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ - (D9%86%D9%8A)&action=edit&section=0‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ )‪http‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪[3].‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺗﻧﻌًﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺳﻳﺣﻳﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺑﺭﺍﻁﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺅﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻣﺷﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪s://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%A‬‬
‫‪D%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%‬‬ ‫ﻭﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺗﻭﻟﻳﻪ ﻣﻧﺻﺏ ﺣﺎﻛﻡ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﻳﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺗﻧﻅﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﺭﻱ‬
‫‪AF_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻳﻭﻧﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺣﺭ ﺇﻳﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻳﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻳﻌﺗﺑﺭﻫﻡ ﻣﻭﺍﻁﻧﻳﻥ ﻣﺧﻠﺻﻳﻥ‬
‫‪8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A)&v‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ‪[8].‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻳﺩ ﻭﺯﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫‪(eaction=edit‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،1914‬ﺩﺧﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ‬
‫ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺯ ﻭﺍﻧﺩﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﺿﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺭﺑﻳﻊ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪،1915‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺱ ﺑﻧﺟﺎﺡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺣﻑ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﻟﺟﻳﺷﻬﻡ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺅﺭﺥ ﺃﻭﻏﻭﺭ ﺃﻧﺟﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩ ﺃﻛﺩ "ﺧﻭﻑ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﺑﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺱ"‪[4].‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻭﻉ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﺗﺻﻭﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﻡ ﺟﻭﺍﺳﻳﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻧﻑ‪[4].‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﺧﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺿﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺣﻳﺔ ﺩﻭًﺭﺍ ﻣﻬًﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﺟﻠﺕ ﻛﺭﺍﻫﻳﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ ﻷﺭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻸﺭﻣﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﺷﻭﺭﻳﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻧﻅﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺗﻭﻟﻳﻪ ﻣﻧﺻﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻛﻡ ﻓﻲ ‪ 25‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،1915‬ﻓﻲ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻗﻧﻊ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻧﻔﺳﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻳﻭﻥ ﻳﺗﺂﻣﺭﻭﻥ ﺿﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻁ ً‬
‫ﻁﺎ ﻟـ"ﺣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻧﻳﺔ"‪ [4].‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺫﻛﺭﺍﺗﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺯﺍﻣﻥ ﺗﻌﻳﻳﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﺗﻡ ﻏﺯﻭ ﺃﺟﺯﺍء ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺑﻳﺗﻠﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﻗﺑﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ ]ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺱ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﻧﺗﻬﻛﻭﻥ ﻭﻳﻧﻬﺑﻭﻥ ﻭﻳﺳﺭﻗﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺗﻁﻠﺑﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻔﺎﺿﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻳﺯﻳﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺳﻁﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﺗﻁﺑﻳﻖ ﺗﺩﺍﺑﻳﺭ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺟﻭﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﺢ ﻟﻸﺭﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ‪[15].‬‬ ‫ﻳﻬﺩﺩ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺧﻁﻳﺭ ﺷﺭﻑ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺷﻬﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﻬﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﺷﻭﺭﻳﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺷﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﺍﺑﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺣﻳﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‪ [4].‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻧﺷﺄ "ﻟﺟﻧﺔ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ" ﺑﻬﺩﻑ ﺣﻝ "ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻧﻳﺔ"‪ [16].‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺿﺎﺑﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﺯﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﺯﻭﻳﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﻓﺎﺋﻳﻝ ﺩﻱ ﻧﻭﻏﺎﻟﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺩﻳﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻁﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻭﻧﻳﻭ ‪ ،1915‬ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﺣﻳﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺭﻗﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻛﻠﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻥ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﻫﻲ "ﺍﺣﺭﻕ‪-‬ﺩﻣﺭ‪-‬ﺍﻗﺗﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻣﺭ ﺗﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺭﻕ ‪ 800‬ﻁﻔﻝ ﺁﺷﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﺣﻳﺎء ﺑﻧﻔﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺣﻳﻳﻥ‪[4][17].‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻣﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺭﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﺿﻁﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﺭﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺑﻧﻰ‪ [3].‬ﻳُﺷﺗﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻏﺗﻳﺎﻝ ﻧﺳﻳﻣﻲ ﺑﻙ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺕ ﺑﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﻲ ﻣﻧﻁﻘﺗﻲ ‪ Lice‬ﻭ ‪ Sabit‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻣﻭﺟﺏ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺭ‬
‫ﺻﺭﻳﺣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻟﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺗﻬﻣﺎ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﻝ‪ [8].‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﻗُﺗﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻡ ﺗﺭﺣﻳﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ‪ 144،000‬ﻭ‪ 157،000‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻛﺭ‪[4].‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺷﻭﺭﻳﻳﻥ ﻭﻣﺳﻳﺣﻳﻳﻥ ﺁﺧﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪ 87‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ %95‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺣﻳﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻛﺣﺎﻛﻡ ﻟﺩﻳﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﺟﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺣﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻗﻲ ﻣﺩﺣﺕ ﺃﻭﻛﺭﻭ ﺑﻠﻳﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻛﻳﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻁﺑﻳﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻳﻪ ﻗﻠﺏ ﻟﻘﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺎﺏ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﻭﻧﻲ ﻁﺑﻳﺑًﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺟﻌﻠﻧﻲ ﺃﻧﺳﻰ ﺟﻧﺳﻳﺗﻲ! ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻁﺑﻳﺏ‪ .‬ﻟﻛﻧﻪ ﻭﻟﺩ ﺗﺭﻛﻳًﺎ ‪ ...‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺿﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺗﺭﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺗﺭﺍﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺿﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ‪ .‬ﻟﻡ ﺃﺗﺭﺩﺩ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺿﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﻠﺑﺕ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻧﺗﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻧﺕ ﺃﺣﺳﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺩًﻻ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻳﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻭﻑ ﻧﻘﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﻡ ‪ ...‬ﺣﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﺅﺍﻝ ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻁﺑﻳﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺗﻝ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ )ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ( ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A...‬‬

‫ﻳﻣﻛﻧﻧﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺻﺑﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ ﻣﻳﻛﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺧﻁﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺳﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺑﻠﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺳﻧًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻳﺱ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ؟]‪[18‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﺏ ﻗﺗﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺑﻠﻳﺩﺍ ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﺫﻛﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﺑﺑﺳﺎﻁﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺗﻛﺗﺏ ﻋﻧﻲ ﻣﻬﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺗﺭﻳﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ"‪[19].‬‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻣﻧﻲ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ‬

‫اﻟﺴﻨﻮات ا��ﺧﻴﺮة‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻭﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﻠﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻳﺗﻡ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﺯﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﻗﻠﻖ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﺛﻣﻳﻧﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﺑﺗﻬﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺗﻼﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺛﺭﻭﺓ ﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺗﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺷﻬﺩ‬
‫ﻁﺑﻳﺏ‪" ،Hyacinth Fardjalian ،‬ﺭﺃﻳﺕ ﺑﻧﻔﺳﻲ ﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﺑﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻠﺏ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﻣﺗﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻁﻧﻁﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ‪ 43‬ﺻﻧﺩﻭﻗًﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻡ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻧﻘﺭﺓ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﻡ ﺗﻌﻳﻳﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﻛًﻣﺎ ﺟﺩﻳًﺩﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﺷﺗﺭﻯ ﻗﺻًﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻣﺔ"‪[19].‬‬ ‫ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻭﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺗﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺟﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺻﺑﻪ‪[20].‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺿﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺑﻭﺳﻔﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﺑﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ‪ 5‬ﻧﻭﻓﻣﺑﺭ ‪ ،1918‬ﻭﺑﻌﺩ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺳﺑﻭﻉ ﺑﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﻳﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻁﻭﺭ‪[21].‬‬ ‫ﺛﻡ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺳﻁﻧﺑﻭﻝ ﻭﺑﺩﺃ ﻋﻣًﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺗﻳﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣﻠﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺑﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻭﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﺟﻥ ﺑﻛﻳﺭﺍﻏﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻁﻧﻁﻳﻧﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﻛﺷﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺫﺍﺑﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻁﻧﻁﻳﻧﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﻛﺎﺭ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻛﺎﺏ ﺟﺭﻳﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﺗﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺟﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻧﺎﻳﺭ ‪ ،1919‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪[4].‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻭﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺗﺣﺭ ﺑﺈﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺭﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺩﻣﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻳﺣﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻛﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺣﺗﺿﻧﺕ ﺳﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺟﻣﻬﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄﺓ ﺣﺩﻳﺛ ًﺎ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻡ ﺗﺳﻣﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺑﺎﺳﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺭﻓﻪ‪ [22].‬ﺭﺃﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﺗﻪ ﻣﻅﻠﻭﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺣﻅﻳﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1928‬ﻣﻧﺣﺕ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺗﺎﺟﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻣﻠﻭﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﻳﻥ ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺭﺯﻗﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ُﻣﻧﺣﺕ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺭﺷﻳﺩ ﻣﻧﺯﻟﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺭﺳﻭﻡ ‪ 1930‬ﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻳﻧﻳﺔ‪[19].‬‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻁﻔﻰ ﻛﻣﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻋﺿﺎء ﺁﺧﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﺯﺭﺍء‪ ،‬ﺗﻡ ﺗﺧﺻﻳﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺗﻠﻛﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻅﺭ ﺃﻳ ً‬
‫ﺿﺎ‬
‫▪ ا��ﺑﺎدة اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟ��رﻣﻦ‬
‫▪ ا��ﺑﺎدة اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ا��ﺷﻮر ﻳﺔ‬
‫▪ ا��ﺑﺎدة اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ‬
‫‪Üngör 2005 .3‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬وﺻﻠﺔ‪https://d-nb.info/gnd/10478096 : ‬‬
‫‪Üngör 2011 .4‬‬ ‫‪ — 48‬ﺗﺎر ﻳﺦ ا��ﻃ��ع‪ 31 :‬دﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ ‪— 2014‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪CC0 :‬‬
‫‪Anderson, Perry (2011). The New .5‬‬
‫‪ ) Old World‬ا ﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﻌ ﺔ ‪London: . ( .pbk‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎِﻣﻞ )‪h :(GND‬‬ ‫ي ِ اﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ ّ ِﺮف اﻟﻤﻠ ّ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ا��ﺳﺘﻨﺎد ّ‬ ‫‪ُ .2‬‬
‫‪ .Verso‬ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﺔ ‪.459  ‬‬ ‫‪ — ttps://d-nb.info/gnd/1047809648‬ﺗﺎر ﻳﺦ‬
‫‪ISBN 9781844677214. "Resit Bey, the‬‬ ‫ا��ﻃ��ع‪ 7 :‬ﻣﺎرس ‪ — 2015‬اﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪CC0 :‬‬

‫‪3 of 19‬‬ ‫‪11/12/2021, 7:51 PM‬‬

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‫ﻓﻬﺭﺱ‬
Akçam, Taner (2012), The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity: The Armenian ▪
‫ د ا ر ﻧ ﺸ ﺮ ﺟ ﺎ ﻣ ﻌ ﺔ‬:Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, Princeton
. 0-6911-5333-7  ISBN , ‫ﺑ ﺮﻧ ﺴ ﺘ ﻮ ن‬
Gaunt, David (2006), "Death's End, 1915: The General Massacres of Christians in ▪
Armenian Tigranakert/Diarbekir and , ( ‫ ر ﻳ ﺘ ﺸ ﺎ رد ﻫ ﻮ ﻓ ﺎ ﻧ ﻴ ﺴ ﻴ ﺎ ن ) ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺮر‬Diarbekir", in
. Edessa/Urfa, Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers
Howard, Douglas A. (2017). A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University ▪
.978-1108107471  Press. ISBN
Kieser, Hans-Lukas (2011), "From 'Patriotism' to Mass Murder: Dr. Mehmed Reşid ▪
A Question of , ( ‫( ) ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺮر‬1873-1919)", in Ronald Grigor Suny and Fatma Müge Göçek
Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire, Oxford: Oxford

18 of 19 11/12/2021, 7:51 PM
‫ ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬- (‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ )ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A...

. University Press
De Nogales, Rafael (1926), Four Years Beneath the Crescent, New York, London: C. ▪
. Scribner's Sons
Üngör, Uğur (2005), CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 (PDF) , University of ▪
. 2012 ‫ ﻣ ﺎ رس‬21 ‫( ﻓ ﻲ‬PDF ) ‫ ﻣ ﺆ رﺷ ﻒ ﻣ ﻦ ا � � ﺻ ﻞ‬,Amsterdam, Master's Thesis
Üngör, Uğur (2011), The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern ▪
. 0-19-960360-X  Anatolia, 1913-1950, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN
Üngör, Uğur; Polatel, Mehmet (2011), Confiscation and Destruction: The Young Turk ▪
. Seizure of Armenian Property, London: Continuum International

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.07:56 ‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬،2021 ‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬18 ‫آﺧﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮم‬

.‫ ﻃﺎﻟﻊ ��وط ا��ﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص ﻣﻨﺸﻮرة ﺑﺮﺧﺼﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎع ا��ﺑﺪاﻋﻲ‬

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