Solar Powered Air Conditioner For Car in Parking Condition Under The Sun

SOLAR POWERED AIR CONDITIONER FOR CAR IN PARKING
CONDITION UNDER SUN

Jayant Sagar1, Krishna Shah2, Ronak Tamboli3 , Khilin Satra4 , Ritesh Yadav5 and Viranchi
Shastri6
1,2,3,4,5
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology and Management, Vadodara,
Gujarat, India
6
Assistant Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering, Institute of Technology and Management,
Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Abstract- The present project is an air-conditioning system designed to be installed in vehicle. The air-
conditioning system derives power from solar cell and the electric power is used to drive the electric
motor with compressor to produce the cooling. The solar cell is also installed with maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) for the battery charger. The system provides a new method of solar driven
system together with the existing power system in a vehicle. Invention provides a method to work with
the existing system based on retrofitting and without deteriorating the overall performance and affecting
other components.
Keywords-Compressor, Solar Cell, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Retrofitting.
I. INTRODUCTION
Air conditioning is the basic requirement in this era because of high atmospheric heat and global
warming around, due to increase in temperature all over the world. Air conditioning is defined as
simultaneous controlling the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle, typically to
maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions for maintaining comfort level. But rather being just
comforting element in cars under the sun it becomes a necessity, as for maintain the interior temperature
of the car. This maintenance of temperature is very important as the high heating of the interior of the
car causes many problems. Some of the problems are stated below:
1. Emission of benzene which is highly toxic for us.

2. Human comfort body temperature is not maintained.
3. Staying in high temperature can cause body harm like high B.P. and other cardiac problems.
4. High temperature may also lead to skin problems like boils on the back, lower thighs and hands.
The project deals the working of the car air conditioning system with the help of solar power in
the parking state (when the ignition is turned off). The system includes primary compressor, secondary
compressor, condenser, condenser fan, evaporator, solar panel, charge controller, lithium battery, and
invertor. The heating of interior of the car leads to allot of problem related to human comfort and health
issues. Maximum and minimum temperature for the body is 29-45 degree Celsius generally and in
medical terms 15-25 degree Celsius but when the car is kept under sun the temperature may reach up to
50 degree Celsius and due to closed environment the car interior becomes too hot. Due to high heating
the fiber parts liberate benzene which injurious to human health Emission of benzene which is highly
toxic for us. Human comfort body temperature is not maintained. Staying in high temperature can cause
DOI:10.21884/IJMTER.2018.5146.0UBEQ 83
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER)
Volume: 5, Issue: 05, [May– 2018] ISSN (Online):2349–9745 ; ISSN (Print):2393-8161
body harm like high B.P. and other cardiac problems. High temperature may also lead to skin problems
like boils on the back, lower thighs and hands.
This paper contains design analysis of the solar powered air-conditioner which includes design
methodology, literature review, calculation & design analysis, conclusion and references.
II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Here are the 5 main components of the automotive air conditioning system and what they do:
• Compressor- This is the component that is located in the front of the vehicle and is responsible for
putting the refrigerant under pressure.
• An Air Compressor is a device that converts power (using an electric motor, diesel or gasoline
engine, etc.) into potential energy stored in pressurized air (i.e., compressed air). By one of several
methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into a storage tank, increasing the pressure.
When tank pressure reaches its upper limit the air compressor shuts off. The compressed air, then,
is held in the tank until called into use. The energy contained in the compressed air can be used for
a variety of applications, utilizing the kinetic energy of the air as it is released and the tank
depressurizes. When tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air compressor turns on again and
re-pressurizes the tank.
• An air compressor must be differentiated from an air pump which merely pumps air from one
context (often the surrounding environment) into another (such as an inflatable mattress, an
aquarium, etc.). Air pumps do not contain an air tank for storing pressurized air and are generally
much slower, quieter, and less expensive to own and operate than an air compressor.
Classification:-
Compressors can be classified according to the pressure delivered:
1. Low-pressure air compressors (LPACs), which have a discharge pressure of 150 psi or less
2. Medium-pressure compressors which have a discharge pressure of 151 psi to 1,000 psi
3. High-pressure air compressors (HPACs), which have a discharge pressure above 1,000 psi.
They can also be classified according to the design and principle of operation:
1. Rotary-screw compressor
2. Turbo compressor
Condenser:
In systems involving heat transfer, a condenser is a device or unit used to condenser substance
from its gaseous to its liquid state, by cooling it. In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance
and transferred to the surrounding environment. Condensers can be made according to numerous
designs, and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large (industrial-scale
units used in plant processes). For example, a refrigerator uses a condenser to get rid of heat extracted
from the interior of the unit to the outside air. Condensers are used in air conditioning, industrial
chemical processes such as distillation, steam power plants and other heat-exchange systems. Use of
cooling water or surrounding air as the coolant is common in many condensers.
Example:-A surface condenser is an example of such a heat-exchange system. It is a shell and tube heat
exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power stations. Commonly, the
cooling water flows through the tube side and the steam enters the shell side where the condensation
occurs on the outside of the heat transfer tubes. The condensate drips down and collects at the bottom,
often in a built-in pan called a hot well. The shell side often operates at a vacuum or partial vacuum,
@IJMTER-2018, All rights Reserved 84

produced by the difference in specific volume between the steam and condensate. Conversely, the vapor
can be fed through the tubes with the coolant water or air flowing around the outside.
Evaporator:-
The solution containing the desired product is fed into the evaporator and passes across a heat
source. The applied heat converts the water in the solution into vapour. The vapour is removed from the
rest of the solution and is condensed while the now-concentrated solution is either fed into a second
evaporator or is removed. The evaporator, as a machine, generally consists of four sections. The heating
section contains the heating medium, which can vary. Steam is fed into this section. The most common
medium consists of parallel tubes but others have plates or coils typically made from copper or
aluminum. The concentrating and separating section removes the vapour being produced from the
solution. The condenser condenses the separated vapour, then the vacuum or pump provides pressure to
increase circulation
Types of Evaporators:-
The evaporators may be classified into a forced convection type or natural convection type,
depending on whether the substance to be cooled lows naturally by difference in density through the
heat transfer surfaces of the evaporator or forced by pump or fan. In some kinds of evaporator, the
refrigerant flows in the tubes and substance to be cooled surrounding it. But in other cases, substance to
be cooled in the tubes and the refrigerant is in the shell. Evaporator are also classified into flooded type
and dry expansion type, depending on whether the refrigerant covers all the surface of heat transfer or
some portion of heat transfer surface is having gas being superheated.
Flooded evaporators:-
A flooded evaporator type with float control valve shown in fig. the liquid flow on low passages
passes the tubes upwards, and boils due to heat adsorption from the warmer substance, which is cooled.
The resulted vapour so formed on boiling bubbles up in flash chamber, where separates liquid from
vapour. Separated vapour passes to compressor, and liquid flows back to the evaporator. The flash
chamber collects the vapour formed by liquid refrigerant boiling in the evaporator, and vapour obtained
in the expansion device. In a flooded type evaporator refrigerant liquid level is maintained. Float valve is
used as throttling device. The heat transfer efficiency increases because the entire surface is in contact
with the liquid refrigerant. But the refrigerant charge is relatively large as compared to dry expansion
type. The accumulator or flash chamber is used to prevent liquid Cray over to compressor. The
evaporator coil is contacted to accumulator and the liquid flow from the accumulator to the evaporator
coil is generally by gravity. The vapour formed by the vaporizing of the liquid in the coil being lighter
rises up and passes on to the top of the accumulator from where it enters the suction line. In some cases
liquid eliminators are provided in the accumulator top to prevent the possible carryover of liquid to
suction line. Also a liquid suction heat exchanger is used on the suction line to superheat the suction
vapour.
Liquid chillier:-
Two types of liquid chillers are shown in fig. Where the refrigerant in the shell and liquid to be
chilled in the tubes, whereas the latter has liquid to be chilled in the shell and the refrigerant in the tubes.
When the refrigerant is in the shell, the refrigerant liquid level is so kept that there is enough space on
the top portion of the shell for the liquid and vapour to separate. Vapours are drawn from the top portion
by the compressor. Liquid level must be maintained constant as the chilled tubes are also immersed in
the refrigerant liquid. Thus float control is preferred. However thermostatic expansion valve is preferred,
when the refrigerant is in the tubes and the liquid to be chilled is in the shell. The refrigerant gets
superheat in the last portion of the set of tubes and is collected in the end chamber from where it is
sucked by the compressor. In order to facilitate proper contact of water with the refrigerant tubes, baffles
are provided to ensure larger circuit up and down for the water, leading to increased turbulence and

hence better overall heat transfer co-efficient. Thus, the first fig. can be termed as loaded whereas
second evaporator to be dry.
Direct Expansion Coil Evaporator:-
Unlike the liquid chillier which the chilled liquid is fed to the coils, which are used for cooling
air, the evaporator is called direct expansion evaporator if the coils of the evaporator with refrigerant
passing through them are used directly to cool air by natural or forced convection. To improve the
lubricating oil return to the compressor, the refrigerant feed comes through the thermostatic expansion
valve more often located at the top particularly for F12, F22. Air is blown over the outside of the finned
tubes. The direct expansion coil is preferred for air conditioning purposes, where the evaporator is very
near to the compressors. This is direct method of cooling the substance and, therefore quite efficient. It
is preferred to chill the water and pump it to the air-cooling coil, when the coil has to be located very far
away from the compressor. There is possibility of refrigerant leakage for long distances, and the cost of
the refrigerant would be high. Also the pressure drop in the line would decrease evaporator coefficient
of performance and efficiency. The expansion valve controls the rate of the refrigerant to evaporator in
such a way that all the liquid is vaporized and the vapour is also superheated to a limited extent. The
inside of evaporator is far from dry but wetted with liquid. All the same, this type is called dry
expansion to distinguish it from flooded system and also probably because by the time the refrigerant
reaches the evaporator outlet it from flooded system and also probably because by the refrigerant
reaches the evaporator outlet it is no more wet but dry superheated vapour.
Thermal expansion valve:-

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume in response to
a change in temperature. Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy
of a substance. When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases. Thus, the
molecules begin vibrating/moving more and usually maintain a greater average separation. A material
which contract with increasing temperature is unusual; this effect is limited in size, and only occurs
within limited temperature ranges (see examples below). The degree of expansion divided by the change
in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with
temperature.
Examples and applications:

For applications using the thermal expansion property, see bi-metal and mercury-in-glass thermometer.
Thermal expansion of long continuous sections of rail tracks is the driving force for rail
buckling. This phenomenon resulted in 190 train derailments during 1998–2002 in the US alone. The
expansion and contraction of materials must be considered when designing large structures, when using
tape or chain to measure distances for land surveys, when designing moulds for casting hot material, and
in other engineering applications when large changes in dimension due to temperature are expected.
Thermal expansion is also used in mechanical applications to fit parts over one another, e.g. a bushing
can be fitted over a shaft by making its inner diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the shaft,
then heating it until it fits over the shaft, and allowing it to cool after it has been pushed over the shaft,
thus achieving a 'shrink fit'. Induction shrink fitting is a common industrial method to pre-heat metal
components between 150 °C and 300 °C thereby causing them to expand and allow for the insertion or
removal of another component. There exist some alloys with a very small linear expansion coefficient,
used in applications that demand very small changes in physical dimension over a range of temperatures.
One of these is Invar 36, with α approximately equal to 0.6×10−6 K−1. These alloys are useful in
aerospace applications where wide temperature swings may occur. Plunger’s apparatus is used to
determine the linear expansion of a metallic rod in the laboratory. The apparatus consists of a metal
cylinder closed at both ends (called a steam jacket). It is provided with an inlet and outlet for the steam.

The steam for heating the rod is supplied by a boiler which is connected by a rubber tube to the inlet.
The centre of the cylinder contains a hole to insert a thermometer. The rod under investigation is
enclosed in a steam jacket. One of its ends is free, but the other end is pressed against a fixed screw. The
position of the rod is determined by a micrometer screw gauge or speedometer. Drinking glass with
fracture due to uneven thermal expansion after pouring of hot liquid into the otherwise cool glass. The
control of thermal expansion in brittle materials is a key concern for a wide range of reasons. For
example, both glass and ceramics are brittle and uneven temperature causes uneven expansion which
again causes thermal stress and this might lead to fracture. Ceramics need to be joined or work in
consort with a wide range of materials and therefore their expansion must be matched to the application.
Because glazes need to be firmly attached to the underlying porcelain (or other body type) their thermal
expansion must be tuned to 'fit' the body so that crazing or shivering does not occur. Good example of
products whose thermal expansion is the key to their success is Corning Ware and the spark plug. The
thermal expansion of ceramic bodies can be controlled by firing to create crystalline species that will
influence the overall expansion of the material in the desired direction. In addition or instead the
formulation of the body can employ materials delivering particles of the desired expansion to the matrix.
The thermal expansion of glazes is controlled by their chemical composition and the firing schedule to
which they were subjected. In most cases there are complex issues involved in controlling body and
glaze expansion, adjusting for thermal expansion must be done with an eye to other properties that will
be affected, generally trade-offs are required. Thermal expansion can have a noticeable effect in gasoline
stored in above ground storage tanks which can cause gasoline pumps to dispense gasoline which may
be more compressed than gasoline held in underground storage tanks in the winter time or less
compressed than gasoline held in underground storage tanks in the summer time. Heat-induced
expansion has to be taken into account in most areas of engineering. A few examples are:
• Metal framed windows need rubber spacers
• Rubber tires
• Metal hot water heating pipes should not be used in long straight lengths
• Large structures such as railways and bridges need expansion joints in the structures to avoid sun
kink
• One of the reasons for the poor performance of cold car engines is that parts have inefficiently
large spacing until the normal operating temperature is achieved.
• A gridiron pendulum uses an arrangement of different metals to maintain a more temperature
stable pendulum length.
• A power line on a hot day is droopy, but on a cold day it is tight. This is because the metals expand
under heat.
• Expansion joints that absorb the thermal expansion in a piping system.
• Precision engineering nearly always requires the engineer to pay attention to the thermal expansion
of the product. For example, when using a scanning electron microscope even small change in
temperature such as 1 degree can cause a sample to change its position relative to the focus point.
Thermometers are another application of thermal expansion – most contain a liquid (usually
mercury or alcohol) which is constrained to flow in only one direction (along the tube) due to changes in
volume brought about by changes in temperature. A bi-metal mechanical thermometer uses a bimetallic
strip and bends due to the differing thermal expansion of the two metals.
Metal pipes made of different materials are heated by passing steam through them. While each
pipe is being tested, one end is securely fixed and the other rests on a rotating shaft, the motion of which
is indicated with a pointer. The linear expansion of the different metals is compared qualitatively and the
coefficient of linear thermal expansion is calculated.

Accumulators:-
An accumulator is comparable in purpose to a receiver/drier. It serves similar, but slightly
different functions. An accumulator is also a metal cylinder, but differs from a receiver/drier in these
three ways:
1. An accumulator is considerably larger than a receiver/drier, usually around twice the volume.
2. The accumulator is connected to the evaporator outlet, in the low-pressure section of the system.
3. The accumulator’s primary function is to store liquid refrigerant that is exiting the evaporator, to
prevent it from reaching the compressor. If liquid refrigerant were to enter the compressor, it could
cause damage, as the compressor is not designed to pump liquid, only vapour.
Accumulators are only used on systems that contain orifice tubes. It is a characteristic of orifice
tube systems to have large amounts of liquid refrigerant leaving the evaporator. In other words, unlike in
expansion valve systems, where all or most of the refrigerant turned into a vapour while passing through
the evaporator, in orifice tube systems, the refrigerant leaves the evaporator still as a liquid. The
accumulator is the component in which the refrigerant gets the opportunity to warm up and change from
a liquid to a vapour before being drawn back into the compressor.
Like receiver/driers, accumulators also serve as a temporary storage containers for oil when the
oil is not needed by the system.
Lastly, accumulators also contain the system desiccant and a small filter, so compared to
receiver/driers; the same “rules of replacement” apply.
Receiver/driers and accumulators rarely fail themselves, but as mentioned previously, need to be
replaced whenever the system is opened for any other type of service. When a failure does occur with a
receiver/drier or accumulator, it is usually due either to clogging from debris inside the A/C system (like
from a failing or failed compressor), or that the bag containing the desiccant has broken open, allowing
desiccant material to circulate throughout the system with refrigerant and lubricant. Sometimes, the
desiccant material will disintegrate into small sand-like particles. This can cause possible clogging in
other system components. When having your mobile A/C system professionally serviced, insist on
proper repair procedures and quality replacement parts. Insist on recovery and recycling so that
refrigerant can be reused and not released into the atmosphere.
Modified air conditioning system:-

In the modified air conditioning system for car we will use the secondary compressor when the
ignition is turned off. Operation of the ac will be done using additional the compressor (mechanical)
powering it by 1HP motor. The motor will be driven by invertor and the invertor will gain power from
lithium battery. The battery will be connected to the charge controller and the charge controller intends
control to stabilize the power that it gains from the solar panel to charge the battery. The other part of
the car AC like condenser fan, condenser evaporator will remain the same.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
1) A Methodology to Control the Interior Temperature of Vehicles Parked Under the Sun
Abstract:-The temperature rise in the automobiles during the parking in sunny days is a critical issue
which creates uncomfortable feelings for the passengers. Here we develop an affordable mini air
conditioning system for the automobiles. The heat build-up in inside of the vehicle is fully investigated
and the energy require for cooling is also estimated. Our finding provides an attractive solution to
prevent this uncomfortable situation. Furthermore, the result of this study can be used by heating
ventilating and air conditioning engineers to design more efficient air conditioning systems for different
applications.

Conclusion:-According to the results obtained by analyzing the heat build-up during the parking on a
sunny day, the effect of solar radiation is an important factor to be considered for designing a mini solar
powered air conditioning unit for an average sized automobile. The maximum solar power generation
should be achieved by using solar radiation during the day time and air conditioner should has the ability
to customize according to the requirements of passengers and provide a comfortable vehicle interior
environment during the parking under hot sun.
2) A Portable Renewable Solar Energy-Powered Cooling System Based
Abstract:-As the greenhouse effect becomes increasingly serious, cooling a vehicle cabin parked under
the blazing sun without running the engine or using an electric vehicle’s power has received
considerable attention. In this paper, we develop a novel portable, renewable, solar energy-powered
cooling system with wireless power transfer (WPT) and super-capacitors to cool the vehicle cabin. The
proposed system consists of a solar collector mechanism, an energy conduit, and a temperature control
and cooling module. First, consisting of folding solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, the solar collector
mechanism making the proposed system portable. Once collected, the solar energy is converted into
electricity and stored in the super-capacitors through wireless power transfer without breaching the
vehicle body. Automatic temperature regulation is achieved with the cooling device via the temperature
control and cooling module. The experimental results indicate that a maximum output power of
2.181Wand a maximum WPT efficiency of 60.3% are achieved when the prototype loaded with 3 X and
5 X respectively. Meanwhile, the simulation shows the temperature inside the cabin is reduced by as
much as 4.2 C in average, demonstrating that the proposed solar energy-powered cooling system is
effective and feasible in cooling a hot vehicle cabin.
Conclusions:-A portable solar-powered cooling system with wireless powertransfer technology is
developed for a vehicle cabin. The experimental results show that the output power is in phase with solar
irradiance. Moreover, a peak output power of 2.181W and a peak efficiency of WPT of 60.3% are
generated from the prototype when the load resistances are 3X and 5X respectively. The achieved output
power and high efficiency indicate that the proposed solar energy-powered cooling system is effective
and feasible in cooling a hot cabin. If the proposed system in this paper matches with PV panels in larger
areas, the output power may be higher to power the higher power fan, which will make a better cooling
effect.
3) A Brief Literature Survey on an Automobile Air - Conditioning System

Abstract:- A Brief Literature Survey on an Automobile Air Conditioning System is presented in this
paper. Various aspects related to automobile air conditioning are described here. Basic thermodynamic
analysis procedure is defined. For experimental purpose, an experimental system consisting of original
components from an HFC134a Automobile Air Conditioning (AAC) system has been set up. The system
will be tested under steady-state operating conditions. Temperatures & pressure of the air streams
entering the condenser and evaporator, compressor speed, air velocity, air humidity will be measured.
From this data & analytical procedure, COP & cooling capacity will be find out for further study.
Conclusion:- In this paper, a brief literature survey on an Automobile Air Conditioning System is
presented. From literature survey, different findings are concluded. Basic thermodynamic analysis
procedure is defined. For experimental purpose, a system consisting of original components from an
HFC134a AAC system has been set up. Different parameters like temperatures & pressure of the air
streams entering the condenser and evaporator, compressor speed, air velocity, air humidity will be
measured. From this data & analytical procedure, COP & cooling capacity will be find out for further
study. The result of this study can be used by HVAC engineers to design more efficient automobile AC
systems.

4) Effect of Solar Ventilation on Air Conditioning System Performance of the Car Parked Under
Sun Light
Abstract:- Summer ambient temperatures in Sultanate of Oman are well known to be higher as
commonly seen in other GCC countries. During summer, cars parked directly under the sun with
window glass raised up, experience a very high temperature rise inside its cabin. Current research paper
reports the experimental studies carried out on a parked car installed with an indigenously designed and
developed cabin ventilation system powered with Solar PV energy. The experiment was carried on
chosen vehicle parked at a unique direction and location exposed to day long sunlight at Muscat for
considerable period of time. The experimental investigation showed that the vehicle cabin temperature
was lower when ventilation system was turned on. Investigation showed that, with the ventilation
system, the time taken to cool down vehicle cabin air temperature to the acceptable limit was
significantly lower. With developed ventilation system the car cabin temperature reached to the comfort
level much quicker, typically lesser than the half of the time compared to those values tested without
ventilation system. Thus indicating, the power saving potential of the developed system as the desired
level of thermal comfort can be achieved within the shorter period of time. The reduction in time taken
to cool down the cabin temperature to the acceptable limits has direct two fold effects; firstly, the fuel
consumption for cooling purpose is reduced and secondly increased thermal comfort level inside the cars
cabin. However, the temperature drop pattern was not similar all around the cabin, due to the varied
level of cabin sunlight exposure. Temperature drop at the front end of the car was lower than in middle
and rear of the car. It was noted that when the ventilation system was turned on, the temperature inside
the car was nearly 10 ºC lesser compared to cabin temperature without ventilation system.
Conclusion:-Simple solar PV driven ventilation system was developed and tested for its effectiveness
inside the car. From the experimental investigation it was found that the temperature inside the car cabin
when parked under the sun was extremely higher with maximum temperature reaching 660C during
noon time. It was observed that when the ventilation system was functional the air temperature inside
the car reduced and reached maximum of 560C. From the above experimental investigation, it can be
concluded that solar PV driven ventilation system is a very effective approach to minimize the
temperature build-up inside the car cabin when it is parked under the sun. Further the experiments done
with vehicle air conditioning system suggested, cabin experience quicker cooling and there by bringing
in the thermal comfort inside the car.
5) A review about phase change material cold storage system applied to solar powered air-
conditioning system
Abstract:- Phase change material cold storage system could improve the efficiency and stability of the
solar-powered air-conditioning system and the building thermal environment. This article is a novel
investigation of the phase change materials’ usage in cold storage system and the phase change material
cold storage working principles and features that are applied in the different solar-powered air-
conditioning systems as cited in the recent publications. This involves phase change material cold
storage system, solar-powered air-conditioning system, and the commercial market evaluation. To
reduce the intermittent solar energy operation, the energy storage system is quite essential. Currently,
the popular method is advanced phase change material cold storage. Using phase change materials in the
energy storage systems, the heat exchangers and thermal control systems are the potential techniques.
This article also reviewed the phase change material cold storage when applied in the solar-powered air-
conditioning system based on the previous study. This article could benefit further research in the solar-
powered air-conditioning field as integrated to the phase change material cold storage system and help
to understand the commercial market development trend. For further studies, it was suggested that the
optimal design of solar-powered cooling system could be employed by phase change material
storage/release cooling dynamical control to improve the building thermal environment.

Conclusion:- The PCM cold storage working principles and features, as applied in the solar-powered
air-conditioning system based on the preliminary study, were reviewed, including the PCM cold storage
system, solar air-conditioning system, and the commercial market evaluation. The most common system
is the solar energy absorption refrigeration that is integrated with the PCM storage system. With the
current development, the solar-driven ejector system also has a bright potential with its relative
simplicity and low capital cost.
IV. WORKING & DESIGN ANALYSIS
Project is about car air conditioning system which will work on solar power when the ignition of
the car is turned off. The power generation starts from the solar panel and by the charger it charges the
battery. Connecting the battery to the inverter, the inverter will run the motor and with the help of motor
with a belt drive we will be able to run the compressor. The mountings used by us will be fitted in the
rear space of the car and the solar panel is placed over the roof top and flexible and foldable panels on
the four pillars of the car. The compressor used in the car for the solar powered ac will be a secondary
compressor and conventional compressor will only be used when the ignition of the car is turned on. To
avoid the conflict of running of two compressors we will be using Exclusive OR Gate that will only
permit the system to work only if the one of the compressor is working amongst the two, if both start
running then the system will shut down automatically to avoid problems as the refrigerant is filled with
high pressure and can explode due the pressure difference.
The Procedure of the Air-conditioning of Automobile Vehicle How it works on what principle is
explained there in the next presentation part.
PARTS:
• Motor • Condenser
• Compressor • High pressure port
• Secondary compressor • Low pressure port
• Evaporator • Expansion valve
The inlet pressure of the secondary compressor is 25 to 30 psi and will increase upto 250 to 300
psi Secondary compressor is for to switch the system in-between when car is in stationary condition
where it will switch the connection when it comes in steady condition.

TECHNICAL DETAILS:-
Voltage At Maximum Power (Vmaximum) 18.2 VOLTS
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 22.0 VOLTS
Current At Maximum Power (Imaximum) 5.5 AMPERES
Short Circuit Current (Isc) 5.9 AMPERES
Number Of Cells 60
Dimensions (in cm) – L * W * T 103 * 67 * 3.4
V. FUTURE ASPECTS
Generation of solar energy has tremendous scope in India. The geographical location of the
country stands to its benefit for generating solar energy. The reason being India is a tropical country and
it receives solar radiation almost throughout the year, which amounts to 3,000 hours of sunshine. This is
equal to more than 5,000 trillion kWh. Almost, all parts of India receive 4-7 kWh of solar radiation per
sq. meters. This is equivalent to 2,300–3,200 sunshine hours per year. States like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,

Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, and West Bengal have
great potential for tapping solar energy due to their location. Since majority of the population live in
rural areas, there is much scope for solar energy being promoted in these areas. Use of solar energy can
reduce the use of firewood and dung cakes by rural household. Many large projects have been proposed
in India, some of them are: i).Thar Desert of India has best solar power projects, estimated to generate
700 to 2,100 GW, ii). The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) launched by the Centre is
targeting 20,000 MW of solar energy power by 2022, iii).Gujarat’s pioneering solar power policy aims
at 1,000 MW of solar energy generation, and Rs. 130 billion solar power plan was unveiled in July 2009,
which projected to produce 20 GW of solar power by 2020. Apart from above, about 66 MW is installed
for various applications in the rural area, amounting to be used in solar lanterns, street lighting systems
and solar water pumps, etc. Thus, India has massive plan for Solar Energy generation that may not only
fulfill the deficit of power generation but also contribute largely in Green Energy Production to help to
reduce the Climatic Changes globally.
VI.CONCLUSION
To conclude that, without the use of fuel and when the car is in steady state condition the solar
air-conditioner will work. Also, it will help when the car is parked and to prevent interior from getting
heated which in turn doesn’t allow the plastic material to release harmful gases and maintains comfort
zone, when one has to drive again
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Foremost, we are thankful to Professor Viranchi Shastri, I.T.M.Universe for his valuable
suggestion of reading numerous research publications in the area of solar powered air-conditioning and
through which all doubts and concepts were clear and major key areas of the topic where clear to
understand which helped us in preparing the review paper.
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Solar Powered Air Conditioner For Car in Parking Condition Under The Sun

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SOLAR POWERED AIR CONDITIONER FOR CAR IN PARKING

CONDITION UNDER SUN

1. Emission of benzene which is highly toxic for us.

II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

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Thermal expansion valve:-

Examples and applications:

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Modified air conditioning system:-

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

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3) A Brief Literature Survey on an Automobile Air - Conditioning System

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IV. WORKING & DESIGN ANALYSIS

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