‘Questions 1-10 are based on the following passage. 1.01 | ‘Adapted from The Prince, a sixteenth-century | Goclon the pthcils of cect goverment and 6 flo dager emus be ery re eno rool | ‘vith which to content himself, for by denouncing you be can look for every advantage; 0 tht, sting the gs irom this ‘course tobe assured, and seing the other to be doubtful an ctu enemy ofthe pies keep fai wth you. ‘And toreduce the mat ino a smal compess, say ‘hat. on the side ofthe onsite, theres nothing but fer, Mines inet boven E12 et ely har bon toberapacos ado be violator ofthepropery of his gg eu pes of uninens erty i cn i ssbjeci fom wich he must aban. And when neither rH fe ans fs he ms ofthe prepay ‘ine property nor their honor is touched the majority of men live | | 50 hat adding oa these things the popular goodwill it seatet andes only o contend withthe ambien faew,, 5° Ling al tse ines pol ondwil Sis he a hv ae any es Farle yea the erie sw eat betore lemakeshim contemptible be considered fel) go de execution fis plo inthis case be bas also 1 feat Seis, irene, ven, frm all of Rich a peta | a te exe besser om account ot ite Karin should gard himself fom rock; and be rhovll endeavour | Mess te cries esate on count oft beast ‘010 show in his actions reams, courage, gravy, nd f fenttude and nhs pivate deaigs wit is jets let hin how dat his judgments ae inevosable nd matin inset Jnsuch reputation thane one ea hope ether to deeive hi orto get round him. a 15 __‘Thatprince shighly esteemed who convey this According to Machiavelli rues can best protest ‘impression of himself, and he who is highly esteemed is not themselves from violence by cessily conspired against; for, provided itis well known that |) building up strong military forces. heisancvcrent man and revered by his pope becan ly |) puny vetneonncdbyther ets hmeteeferncme fon nin ceseuernssabeas, | Suing sa andi tn theother from without, on account of extemal powers, From _D) monitoring and punishing possible rebels. ‘heater he is defended by being well armed and having good Allies, andi is well armed be willkave god fend and statesmanship written by Niccolo Machiaveli, Mi wil aay remain quit win when hey ae quiet sees 25 without, uns they should have been already disturbed by at il LS conspiracy, andeven should afus outside be dsturbod, ithe | _ Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer Ins carried out hs preparations and hes lived as Thave said as | tthe previous question? Jong ashe docs not despair, he wil resist every attack, a | sid) A) Lines 15-17 (“That price. agnns”) abis the Spartan did : B) Lines 19-21 Cor this... powers) 39 But conceming his subject, when afuis outside are ©) Lines 2-29 Ces og.) disturbed he has only to fear that they wil conspire seerety, fir which a prince can easly secure himself by avoiding being hated and despised, and by keeping the people saisied ‘with him, which itis most necessary for him to accomplish, D) Lines 41-43 *And as. suocesfil”) 3535 I sid above a length And one ofthe most efficacious Bes: sist ‘remedies thata prince can have against conspiracies isnot | aE aR sobs harden spect cree tice. Which ext dsribes the developmental pte ofthe against prince always expees to please them by his removal; | assege? ‘but when the conspirator can ony look forward to offending |A) A course of action is recommend and its positive 40:hem, he will not have the courage to teke such a course, for ‘the difficulties that confront a conspirator are infinite. And as experience shows, many have ben the conspiracies, but few drawbacks are explained. have been successful; because he who conspires cannot act ‘Ghd poli iechopteed end sata elect eat | concequences are outlined. | | | lone, nor ean he take a companion except from those whom | isrecapitulated 1 B) A set of virtues is described and afew possible “She believes tobe malcontens, and ss soon as you have opened | py 4 hsrical example ie introduced and anew analy {your mind to# malcontent you have piven hi the material ee ert = i E> pecs esos nearer eet ad‘Which of the following statements, if tue, would most effectively contradict the assertion in lines 35-41 (“And fone. infinite”) ‘A) Conspiracies are most common in counties wit strong 1B) The leaders of conspiracies tend tobe politicians themselves. (©) Many historical conspiracies have been directed against popular leaders 1D) Most cangprators are aware tat their plans run a high risk of fre ‘One ofthe qualities uP a exceptional ruler that Machiavelli ites is A) innovativeness. B) seligiosiy © respect for triton. D) decisiveness "As used in line 71, “external” mast nearly means A) superticil B) ielevant © foreign. D) unmistakable Bos Se ‘As used inline 6, “execution” most nearly means A) depiction 8B) implementation. ©) decapitation. D) legalization. Bee Bags cea Aran w be sg nr a eet Semuenapar 1) fd tal ess B) weet ai 6) mena rine Dhaene ce Which cic provides te et vides rh newer woes previ pea! 1) Lies 3033 (‘Btconering. despise) 3) Lies 3241 Cha when infin) ©) Lines 481 (tayo?) Lins 336m he side") Err er ‘Throughout the passage, Machiavelli builds lis: Tmerar lewis oven) peony 7) alos orn 0) soutien 6) lore led ve D) tons herr mtr pti : E> aoe‘Questions 1-10 aro based on the following passage. 1.02 Acapted from Francis Bacon, “Of the Vicissitude of Things" (1601). Upon the breaking and shivering ofa great state and eps, you ay be suet have wars For gieal cups, wlio they stan, doenervateand dest the forces of the aves Line which they have subdued, resting upon their ow protecting 5 forces; andthe when they fail also al goes run and they ‘become «prey So was tin the decay ofthe Roman empice and likewe in the empire of Almaine, afer Carls the Gret, ery bid taking a feather and were aot niet befall Spin, iit shoud break The great accessions and unions of 1okngdons, do Hkewise st up wars: for when a sae rows tan overpower, slike» great fod, hat willbe Sue coverfiw. Asit ath been sea in the Sates of Rome, Tukey, Spain and eter Look hen the word nh fewest barbarous peoples, but such as commonly will not mary or generate, ‘1s except they know meas iv as itis almost everywhere at thisday, except Tatar), there danger of nundations of people; but when thee be great shoals of people, which goon {> populate, without oxescing means of Hen sentation, So mecca once an age OF WO, ey charge 8 20 portion oftheir people upon other nations; which the ancient "orth people were wont od by lo astng lots what part Should stay at home, and what should eek tee fortunes Wh 2 warlike state grows sft and effeminate, hey may be sure of || ‘war. For commonly such states ee grown rich inthe ime of 2 their degenerating: and so the prey invite, and thir decay in valor, encourageth a war "AS forthe weapons it arly alle under ale and servation: yet we se even they, have ret and visits For erain ts, tat ordnance was known ne ity ofthe 439 Ontrakes in nia and was hat, which he Macedonians called ‘nunder and lighting. and magi. And ts well knows hat the | ssc of ordnance, ah ben in China above two thousand years. The conditions of weapons, and their improvemeat, ae; Fist the fetching afar of fr that outrun the dager ais sen in {5 ordnance and meskes Secondly, the strength ofthe percussion; wherein ikewite ordnance exceeds all arications and ancient inventions, The hid is the ommodious we of hem that they may serve inall weathers that the carope may eight sand manageable andthe like, 40. Forte conc ofthe war at tbe fist men ested ‘vtremly epon number they did put he ware Hesse upon | tin fre and valor, pointing days for pitched els and so | trying i out upon an even match and they were more jgnocant_| inranging and araying tei batles Ae, ey ew to | | | 45 rest upon number rather competent, than vat they grew to ssdvantagesof place, cunning diversions, and the like: and they ‘grew more skilful in the ordering of ther bates. 9 Inthe youth ofa state, arms do flourish inthe middle age of ate, lesting and then both ofthe together {50 for atime; in the declining age ofa sate, mechanical aris and merchandize.Learang hath his infancy, when itis but ‘begiming and almost childish then his youth, when iis. Jxuriant and juvenile; then his stength of years, when tis solid and reduced; and last, his old age, when it waxeth dry {5 and exhausted. But itis not good to look too long upon these turning wheels of vcisstude, lest we become giddy. As forthe philology of them, thts bt circle of tales, and therefore not St for this writing Hess ‘According to Bacon, wars canbe caused by {A the creation ofa new technology. 8) cither the expansion or the collapse of nation, ) either repressive mesures or alempied reforms ) a needless emphasis on eaming and the as [es ‘Over the couse of the frst thre paragraphs Bacon shits Is foeus fom A) wheter wari advisable to why wars common. 8) how armies use terrain to how armies use technology. 6) sare fight hy primitive nations to wars fought by highly advanced nations, ) why ware erginateto how ates ae fought. Bee Taras ‘According to Bacon, filing countries tend to be A) devoted to ther traditions, B) extremely belligerent. © materially prosperous, ) allied w younger nations. Which choice provides the bet evidence fr the answer to the previous question? A) Lies 1-2 Upon the breaking... wars") B) Lines 29-1 ("Forcetin... magic”) ©) Lines 31-32 (*Andits...year) D) Lines 48-31 (Tne youth. merchndize) Srytes cater Seven, 2018 mwnie260.com | Unashoized copying tre of ay pre pane eg KpLe e Hees “The main purpose ofthe hed paragraph (ines 0-47) is 19 A) summarize diffrent stages of evolution in how wars have been waged. 'B) urge the military strategists of Bacon's owa time 1 improve ther practices. ) explain why China will become a more formidable military power. 1) indicat that Rome could have prevented its own collapse. Wise 2 Slee 2 ‘According to Bacon, a major change in how wars Were fought involved a shift from A) fckd wari to siege warfare 8) limited participation to national involvement. C) brute force to clever state. D) the use of citizen soldiers othe use of mercenaries. ‘As used inline 36, “exceeds” most nearly means A) is more powerful than 1B) ie more famous than, C) is more costly than, ) is less regulated than ‘ehmgate Ect Sonics 2018 weoies2400.com | Unauze congo reo ny prt is age 10 "Which action, onthe basis ofthe passage, would be characteristic of a great military power? {A) Sending political dissidents into exile B) Forming alliances and educing is military (©) Accepting numerous shor-trm defeats to achieve larger goals 1D) Conquering and controlling indigenovs populations 3 # ‘Which choice provides the best evidence forthe answer to the previous question? ++ forces”) B) Lives 17-20 but when -. nations”) () Lines 44-45 ("After vast” D) Lines 55-56 ('Butit... giddy") on a a ts ‘As used in line $8, "ft" most nearly means A) attctive B) appropriate 6) energetic ) competentlesions 1-10 ar sede the folowing passa, 1.04 Ke Adapted from Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations | (1776). ln the reading that follows, Smith considers the | _ them te ibery and security of individuals, emong the with profit and success, any project of improvement “Thirdly, and lastly, commerce and manufactures sradually introduced order and good government, and with Ghecfopen and conpetitve radcin society: troghout| inhabitants o the cout, who had before ved sliostin a Tis bool Sri compares a frecy-operstre, and leoty|_ comtnul sat of war wi thir eiphbours sad of eve Setseatiaing commer ei nan aay ae Spndny wn eo, This oh abe “capltaism’) with okder economic practi | observed, iby fr the most important of al heir p er | effects. Mr Hume is the only writer who, so far as 1 know, tas hitherto taken noice of she ineoase and riches of commercial and manufacturing) "jy a country which bas neither foreign commerce nor towns contributed tothe improvement and cultivation of the counties o which they belonged, in three different ways: une Fist, by ffordng egrat and ready market for the ‘Sade produce ofthe county, they gave encouragement ois cultivation and futher improvement. This benefit was not ‘even confined othe countries in which they were situated, but extended more or less to all those with which they had 55 any of the finer manufietures,a great proprietor, having nothing for which he can exchange the greaes pat of the produce of his lands whichis over and above the ‘maintenance ofthe cultivators, consumes the whole in rustic hospitality at home. If this surplus produce i suficen to (60 maintain hundred ora thousand men, he ean make use of tin no other way than by maintaining a hundred or a sy dealings Toallof thm frdeda mara for | ft innocther nay than by maining a mdr ‘ocane parce efter manuel rede od, nwa men He atl tins hfe ucounde fenseaent ve some encourage te indusy and | Saale gin eum fi i ate, being improvement of all Ther own county, however, On ACCOUM gg 4 erly by his bounty, mist Obey him, forthe same of tengo ecary pesca RACE he my minim re se from thismarket I sue proce eng charged wih lee it oar a ce NF 15am, he rade could ay the rowers beter price for | 4 manufactures ar litle known have seen, says Doctor i, and yt affrditas cheap consumers ss that ofmow | Freee an Anbin chit Gn inte ses of fowa whee tt coun : 70 be had come tel hiscatle an invite asiegen eves Soon the wea acquit by he ibaa ¢ 77 bad Spe lials seeps cities was frequently employed in purchasing such lands 3s eae oye ae rise pao overs tobesld f whih bet a wuld egy he tbculaed Mochants ae commonly ambos of becoming cour genteen, nd when ty So, ty ate gene he est of al improvers A mecha acted op his "ney chiefly in proiable projects; whereas mere county 25 eaenan is wrustmed io amply it che in expense. The ecb hs smmey gam le i api Eig ‘Which of the following best describes the developmental patter of the passage? |) A discussion of few distinet yet related premises ) Ascrcs of recommendations For mov effetive with profi; the other, when ance e parts with very seldom, sovermance expecis o see any more of it. Those diferent habits naturally ©) Anexplanston ofa controversy that Smith hopes to. affect their temper and disposition in every sort of busines. resolve 90 Te merchant is commonly @ bold a country gentleman a D) An economic treatise informed by Smith's travels timid undertaker. The one is not afd to lay aut at once a large capital pan the improvement of his land, when he bas probable prospect of raising the valu f tin proportion tothe expense; the othe, iT he has any capita, which is not 35 always te ease, seldom ventures to employ it inthis manner. ‘fhe improves at all itis commonly nt with capital, but | ‘with what he can cave ou o hie annual revenue. Whoever has had the fortune olive n'a mercantile town, situated in an | Eee : ‘Which ofthe following does Smith believe about the ‘conection between commerce and goverment? A) Itis a fact of life dst members ofthe aristocracy nee unimproved country, must have frequently observed how muc! domotepiel be qeatins ofmetans ween thay, | 8) tsa consequential hou x widely comided ‘than hse of mere country gellemen. The habits, besides, of | area of inquiry © A good governnent will ntrvene inthe economy. 1D) A good government will not be impected by changes in the economy. 3 ‘eget Sens, 2018 we2400.com | Unauarza apy ot rae ay pt of fas og ‘order, economy, and attention, o which mercantile business ‘naturally forms 3 merchant, render him mueh fier fo execute,Which choice provides the best evidence forthe answer to the previous question? A) Lines 14-17 ("is rude... countries") B) Lines 37-41 (*Whoever has had... gentlemen”) ) Lincs 50 53 (Tig, hough... i") D) Lines 62-66 ("He is at... pays them”) SE ee ee Ase inne 8“ i mo ety mene 1) aetieel 0) de wee rer “rude” is In ines 10 and 14, Smith's use ofthe wor snlended primarily 0 A) ezticize olde and outdated economic ideas. 1B) criticize cites that preferred agriculture to trade. © distinguish between two diferent types of goods. ) distinguish between two different levels of, technological advancement ‘According to Smith, compared to country gentlemen ‘merchants are more wiling 1 A) make considerable investments B) assist their neighbors. © travel abroad. ) beser themselves doughs education 4 a ita i {As wed in ne $2, “economy” most nearly means ‘A resourcefulness. B) stingnes ©) income D) brevity ‘One ofthe major advantages of @ commercial and ‘raging town is that it A) enables people to access new forms of luxury and 'B) has helped merchants to grow in politcal power. (© has caused democratic institutions become moce popular. 1D) does not merely improve the economic life of the nation where itis situated, Which choice provides the best evidence forthe answer to the previous question?” A) Lines 1-3 (The increase. ways") 1B) Lines 6 9 ("This benefit. dalings") (©) Lines 23-25 ("A merchant. expense”) D) Lines 45-48 ("Thirdly and .. the eountry”) BE SiN Soe As described in the passage, the “mere country gentleman” (Lincs 24-25) and the “great proprietor” (Gine $5) are similar in that both A) are more concemed with their reputations than with ‘amings and prof 'B) consume resources instead of finding new endeavors and investments © culivate large and diverse socal circles. D) only vist commercial towns fe times a year ‘ebiyated EseaonalSadce, 2018 weles240020m | se aac