E. M. CAJITbIKOBA JH. A. BOHK ADVANCED LEARNERSNpogBunyTbin ypoBeHb MOCKBACOAEPKAHVE IPE AMRRBANE sccccsroniattes eniarcstannnts witaulaente ate seater 6 Unit One “English as an international language”. 8 12 Unit Two Part1 “The Story-Teller” by Hector Hugh Munro (beginning). Exercises. . Part 2 “The Story-Teller” by Hector Hugh Munro (end). Exercises. Unit Three Part 1 “The Discovery of America and the First British Attempts to Settle in the New World” . Exercises. ............ Port 2 . “The British go on colonizing America” . 72 Unit Four Part 1 “The Beatles - Rock Superstars” toart 1) 85 Exercises. — 5 - 88 Part 2 Zhe antes ~ Rack Suparstars” (part 2) 97 Exercises. 100 Unit Five Part1 “Would you like to live in a greener world?” 112 Exercises. .. “115: Part2 “Is global warming connected to the hole in the ozone layer?” 124 Exercises. 127 Unit Six Part1 “The Capitoline Venus” by Mark Twain (beginning) . 139Part2 “The Capitoline Venus” by Mark Twain (end) . Exercises. ..... 152 Unit Seven Part 1 “Chanel - Public Fame and Private Enigma”. 163 166 178 180 Unit Eight Part 1 “Pygmalion’s Fair Lady” (part 1). 188 191 Part 2 - 201 -- 208 Unit Nine Part 1 “Why do people travel?" .. . 214 Exercises........... : 218 Part2 Sonar: the He 228 Exercises. . 231 Unit Ten Part1 “Transatlantic Connections” (part 1) ce ++ 242 Exercises. 0... 2.0200. 0 eee eee eee seaueneed Haraeans si ++ 245 Part 2 252 254 “Transatlantic Connections” =" (part 2). a Exercises. . sn a TaGnuya apemeHHeix opm . -- 300NPEAVCNIOBME YueGHuK npeaHasHayeH ANA Tex, KTO MOXET AOCTATOYHO CBO6OAHO NoNb- SOBATRCA AHMIMMACKMM ASbIKOM kak B CMTyauMAX NoBcegHeBHOrO OG6WWeHMA, Tak WB NpPOdecchoHaNbHOH AeATeENbHOCTH. Maye TOBOpA, YCBOeHEI OCHOB- Hble (paMMaTMYeCkHe CTPykTypbI M HAKONNeH AaKTMBHbIA BOKAGyNAp NPAMepHO. 8 2500-2700 cos. ViaBeCTHO, ONHAKO, YTO YPOBEHb ASbIKOBON KOMNETeHLIMM He COXpaHReT- CA, @CAM ero NOCTOAHHO He NOAAepxNBaTe. STO, pasyMeeTCA, MOXHO AeNaTb CaMOCTORTeNbHO, 4UTAA XYHOKECTBEHHYIO NMTeparypy M nepwoanky, YeneHa- NpasnexHo chywan pagno- uw Tenenepegayn Ha AHIIMACKOM SabIke, NONb3y- ‘ACb B CAyY¥ae HEOGXOAMMOCTH HafexHbIMM CHOBapsMH HT. A. Henb3A, pasy- MeeTCA, HEAOOLIEHMBATS M4 Ty MIM MHYIO cbopMy 3aHATHI NO” pyKOBOACTBOM Npenogasatens. VimeHHo Ana rpynnosbix 4 MHAMBMyaNbHbIX 3aHATHA NOD PyKOBOACTBOM npenonasatena 4 npeavasHaeHa npexge Bcero 3Ta KHura, B TO Ke BpeMA OHA MOET 6bITb HCNOsb30BaHa MM Kak CaMoyuHTenb. OcHosoi kaxKgoro ypoKa-KOMneKca ABNAeTCA TEKCT — NOSHABATENbHbIA, NpOGAemHbI WNW caGyNbHpi, NOCBAUIEHHBIA oNpeENeHHOH Teme. Cpenn Tem - cTaTyC aHrNuicKorO ABbIKa KAK MEKAYHAPOAHOO, COBpeMeHHaA My- abika, NPOGNeMbI moGanbHoro NoTenneHuA, Mofa, NyTeWecTBMA M PAD Apy- TWX TeM, HHTepeCHbix AA O6cykneHuas. fea xynO>KeCTBEHHBIX NpoM3aBeEneHUA (pacckasbi Caku (Maxpo) 1 Mapka Teena) He nogBeprnvict agantaumn. Bee 6e3 VCKMIOYeHMA TeKCTbI HACbILUeHbI MEKCHKOM, WUpOKO ynoTpeGna- MO B XyMOXECTBEHHOM AMTepatype MW CpeACTBax MacCOBOM HHpopMauMu. axe cBoG0QHO BNAaQeIOWIN MHOCTPAHHbIM SiabIKOM YenOBeK CTONKHETCA Cc BONBIMM KONMYECTBOM CNOB, KOTOPbIX OH He 3HAeT. YacTb THX CNB, 803- MOXHO, BOMAeT B ero AKTMBHbI BOKAGyNAP, HO B GONbWWMHCTBe CHyyaeB OH MPoCTo Hay4VTCA UX NPABMMbHO NOHUMATb U He GOATBCA TOFO, YTO BCero NeK- cyyeckoro GoraTcTBa A3bIKa YCBOMTb HEBOSMOXHO, HaxKe eC pedb MaeT © PODHOM siaBiKe. Tlockonsky OCHOBOM ypoKa ABNaeTCA TeKCT, NepBoo¥epenHan sagaya — eF0 NpOuTeHHe C NONHEIM, AOCKOHANbHbIM NOHUMaHHeM. MosTOMy B NOMOLS o6yyaoujemyca 4 NpenogaBaTeso 3a TeKCTOM cnepyeT CNoBapb, comepxa- Ui NepeBog cioB B MX TeKGTOBOM sHa¥eHuM. Bonee nonHoe npepctasneHve © TOM, kak CMOBO HCMONbayeTCA B ABbIKe, AAeTCA B CNeyMANbHOM ynpaxHe- HUM, COpepxaleM NpuMepE! ynNoTpeG6NeHMA AaHHOrO CNoBa. ITO ynpaxkHeHVe W3-3a @FO HACbILUEHHOCTH NeKCHYeCKON MHcoOpMauMel UenecooGpasHo pac- NPEAENMT. Ha HECKONKO 3aHATHII.Qo utexua Texcta npeanaraetca O6cyanT’ HECKONbKO BONPOCOB, KOTO- Pble NOMOryT Npenofasatento Hayate ypoK C Gecesbi. Cuctema ynpaxHeHii CofepxuT sonpocbl NO CcofepxaHnio Tek- cTa, neKcwyeckme uM rpaMMaTnyeckwe sanaHua. MocKonbKy npenno- araercA, YTO OCHOBHIE rpaMMATHYeCKHe CTpykTypb! YCBOeHLI, Nog- POGHbIX NOACHEHMA He AAeTCA, MMeIOTCA NMWb KpaTKHe HaNOMMHAHHA, npeaynpexaaiouyMe OWKGKY, TMNM4HbIe ANA PyCCKORaEI4HbIX OGyYaIoUMx- cA. OGbACHAIOTCA AMWb Te rTpPaMMaTMYeCKKe ABNeHMA, KOTOPHIe BpAA AM comepxanuch 8 NpeAbinyuiem Kypce OG6yyeHUA. Sto o6opor to be likely (unlikely), ynotpeGnexve marona wish ann Toro, 4YTOGbI BLIPASHTb COxKa- JleHve m0 noBo~y chTyauMM B HaCTORUeM, NpoWeAWeM unn BGynyuiem, Ww cnoxKHOe Ckasyemoe Tuna /t seems (appears, happens, etc.) + wHduHUTUB ¢ vacTuyen fo. Tpammatuueckne ynpaxHeHMA HAMePeHHO He BbY\ENAIOTCA B CaMOCTO- ATENbHBIA pasgen, a YepemyIOTCA C NeKCMYeCKUMnH MH PeYeBbIMH, 4TO, Kak NO- Kagan OnbIT, Ha 3TOM 3Tane OGyYeHUA NOMOraeT U36exKAaTb MOHOTOHHOCTH Ha ypoke. Nostomy npenofapatenio pekoMeHayeTca Np NnaHMpoBaHuu ypoKa NpMAepxnBaTbCA NOCHeAOBATeNbHOCTU ynpaKHeHMM, NpeANaraemon yue6- HMKOM. TeKCTEI M AManorM, NoMeyeHHLIe 3Ha4koM 6), MOKHO NpocnywaTE Ha CD. MncbMenuble aagaiua, nomMeyeHHbie aHauKom &\3 yenecoobpasHo SbINONHATb M OMA, 4 B KNacce. K HanGonee TpyAHbIM ynpakHeHMAM faioT- cA Kmioun-oTBeTBI. K ynpaxkHeHHAM, Fe HYKHO MEPeBECTH CBAHbI TEKCTEI © pyCCKoro A3bIka Ha aHIMMiiCKHi, B KMOaX AaeTCA ONTMMaNbHBIA (HO He @ANHCTBEHHO BOSMOXHbIi) BAPMAHT nepeBona. Brarogapym Wyak Snunop D>koyHc 3a npocMoTp pykonucn 4 WeHHbIE sgameyanna CTMnucTuyeckoro XapakTepa. HageeMca, YTO KHMTa OkaxKeTCHA No- AesHO pin Tex, Ha KOrO OHa OPMeHTUpOBaHa. H. A. Bouk, E. M. CantoikosaLanguage is the dress of thought. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784), English writer, critic and lexicographer Discuss this before you read the text. 1. Why have you decided to go on learning English? 2. What do you expect of this course? 3. How old were you when you began learning English? 4. Did you enjoy your lessons then? 5. How long have you been learning English? 6. How do you keep up your English? 7. Have you ever been abroad? 8. Have you been to any English-speaking countries? 9. Do you read books in English? 10. What kind of books do you like? 11. Do you read English newspapers? 12. Do you use the dictionary when reading? . 2 wunca 11 sr¥ncenr [a] tertrom imeem ne 4 Re SUNOS. 13 TRIAD i § srers-mens [HBB] officias use (second tanguage) or special status 5 ns AM TO 4 un 15 SmanPone PHB wotner-tongue use co-exists with other language S oownica te Raum 8 srtucu 17 SoLoMoN stanos® Read the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 10-41 will help you. ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE* The present-day world status of English is the result of two main factors: the expansion of British colonial power, which peaked towards the end of the nineteenth century, and the emergence of the United States as the lead- ing economic power of the 20" century. It is the latter factor, which explains the position of the English language today (much to the displeasure of some in Britain who find the loss of historical linguistic priority unbearable). Nowadays the USA contains nearly four times as many English mother-tongue (EMT) speakers as the next most important EMT nation (the UK), and these two coun- tries comprise 70 per cent of all EMT speakers in the world. Such numerical dominance, accompanied by political and economic factors, gives the Ameri- Cans a controlling interest in the way the language is likely to develop. This, however, is a matter of opinion. Most books on English imply in one way or another that English is superior to all other languages. Robert Burchfield, the editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, writes: “As a source of intellectual power and entertainment the whole range of prose writing in English is prob- ably unequalled anywhere else in the world.” “I would like to think he’s right,” Bill Bryson retorts in his national bestseller The Mother Tongue, “but | can’t help wondering if Mr Burchfield would have made the same generous asser- tion had he been born Russian or German or Chinese.” Yet there are one or two small ways in which English has an advantage over other languages. For one thing its pronouns are largely, and mercifully, uninflected. In Russian, if you wish to say ‘you’, you must choose between at least eight words: «Tb», «sbi», «TeGA», «Bac», «Te6e», «BAM», . 2. The country slowly drifted into worldwide conflict. 3. Snow had drifted over all the roads, and we weren't able to drive on. 4. Some people drift apart, others drift together. 5. Their marriage went wrong; they drifted apart and then divorced. rapid adj, rapidly adv 1. Rapid movement (growth, changes, reading), a rapid worker (thinker), a rapid river. 2. Rapidly changing events, a rapidly developing economy. baffle v, baffling adj 1. Everybody was baffled by her strange behaviour. 2. Even the most experienced detectives were baffled. 3. His final decision was really baffling. 4, We were all baffled by those inconsistent assertions. raten 1. The rate of exchange, the dollar rate, the rate of growth, the birth rate, the death rate, the marriage rate, employment rate, unemployment rate. 2. Work is progressing at a high rate. 3. That bank gives credit at a high rate (nop ebIcoKMit npoueHT). 4. At any rate (in any case), the last variant of the project is consistent. integral adj, integral n 1. This condition is considered to be an integral part of our contract. 2. Consistency should be an integral part of any partnership. 3. Her talents are integral to the team’s good performance. legitimate adj, illegitimate adj 1. Alegitimate child (3aKoHHOpoxaeHHbiit), an illegitimate child (HesaxoH- HOPOXDeHHBIA). 2. A legitimate reason (ysaxuTenban npmunia). 3. The Mafia uses legitimate business operations as a front. 4. | think that was a perfectly legitimate question. 5. At any rate, all our actions were consistent and absolutely legitimate.PR (Public Relations) 1. PR stands for Public Relations. It is the work of explaining to the public what a company or an organization does so that they will understand and approve of it. In other words, it is the relationship between an organization and the public. 2. They are considered to be the leading PR agency in the city. 3. My cousin has been a public relations officer in a big company since 2005. 4. Sponsoring the exhibition is very good for our PR. alien adj 1. ‘Alien’ means belonging to another country or race (foreign). 2. ‘Alien’ may also mean very different from what you are used to (strange). 3. That civilization has been discovered quite recently, and in many ways still remains alien to us. Mercy is alien to that person’s nature, I’m afraid. He couldn’t get used to that alien environment for a very long time. ae lingua franca 1. These two words are both Italian. ‘Franca’ means free, ie. not observing any rules. ‘Lingua’ means language. So ‘lingua franca’ is a kind of language that is clear enough to understand each other in a limited ‘number or situations. The speakers don’t observe any grammar rules and mispronounce the words. 2. The expression ‘lingua franca’ is used ironically, by analogy with ‘porto franco’ which means a port where foreign goods do not go through any customs control, and no taxes are paid on them. Cad Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Per- fect Continuous, Past Simple S._ 3. Natasha is a Russian girl. She is writing a letter to her friend John, who is an American and lives in New York. Complete the letter with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. "Dear John, | (have) a great time here in London. | (not be) to London before and I (like) it here very much.Unit one Now | (stay) with my friends who (live) here for about ten years. So they (know) the city pretty well. The only problem is they always (quarrel) over silly things so | (prefer) to walk around London on my own. | (arrive) three days ago and already (see) some places of interest: the Tower, Big Ben, Trafalgar Square and some others. And | (visit) the National Gallery and the British Museum. | (think) of attending a language school here. | (not make) any en- quiries about such schools yet, but | (not think) | should miss this op- portunity to improve my English while | (be) here. People here (seem) to be friendly and helpful. | (try) to speak English as much as possible. People (understand) me! It's wonderful because I (learn) English for only two years. It’s a pity you (not be) here with me. | can’t help thinking about you. You (miss) me? Love, | Natasha | &, 4. Katya wants to write a letter to her friend Jan, who is Dutch. She is now on a short holiday in St. Petersburg. Help her translate this letter into ‘A npexpacHo nposoxy Bpems B Netep6ypre! A HuKorga He bina afecb | BO sTOrO, K NOSTOMY KaxAblii eH’ NPUHOCHT 4TO-TO MHTepeCcHoe H HeOK- BatHoe. Ceiiyac 9 xuBy y Cade NogApyru. OHa CHUMaeT KBapTUpy HefaneKo OT UeHTpa ropoga. MbI c Hei 3HakOMbI CO LukOnbI. Nocne OKOHYAaHMA WUKOMIbI OHA yexana 8 Netep6ypr v noctynuna 8 yHuBepcuTe;r, rae 4 yuNTCA yKe 18a roga. Moa noppyra, KoHe4HO, 3HaeT, YTO CTOMT NOCMOTPETe B ropone. A yxe no6bisana 8 Spmutaxe 4 nnaxupyio not B PyccKuiA My3zei Ha AHax. Cam no Ce6e ropog — OrpoMHbili My3eii. Ha QHAX MbI C Moe noppy- rod rynanu no ropogy, 4 & boTorpaduposana Oma M NaMATHKM, KOTOpbIE MHe NOHpaBunnce Bonbwe BCero. HeCkONbKO doTorpaduii A Nocbinalo Tebe ‘c 3TMM NMCbMOM. B ropose OYeHb MHOrO TYPUCTOB CO BCero MMipa. O4eHb .xasib, YTO Te6A HET CO MHO. He Mory He AYMaTb 0 TOM, TO TeGe 6bI 3qeCb O4eHb NOHpAaBMNoce. ‘C HeTepneHvem xpy OTBeTAa OT Te6a. C nw6oebI0, 20©) 5. Read the dialogue. In pairs, act out similar dialogues. You may choose any subject you like for your conversations. At an International Conference of Language Teachers (during the break) Bob Bennett (a British teacher of Russian) Svetlana Pavlova (a Russian teacher of English) B.B. You are an English teacher, aren't you? 'S.P. Quite right. I've been teaching English since | graduated from Univer- sity and that was nearly 20 years ago. B.B. | wonder how long English has been the most popular foreign lan- guage in Russia. §.P. | think English began to gain popularity right after World War II B.B. That's very interesting! And what was the situation before the war? 'S.P. | know from my parents who were both school teachers that in pre-war years it was German that was taught in most Soviet schools, some- times French and very rarely English. In general there was a time when the most prestigious foreign language in Russia was French. This can be seen from Tolstoy's novels. Pushkin's Tatiana, by the way, wrote her love letter to Onegin in French, because her Russian wasn’t good enough to write such a vitally important message. B.B. We in Britain don’t often try to learn foreign languages. | believe that in this regard we are a bit spoilt, because we are sure that no matter where we find ourselves, there will always be someone who can speak English. S.P. I'matraid you're right. We, here in Russia, on the contrary, have aways tried to learn languages, though now | find our mother tongue is gain- ing popularity and good progress has been made in learning how to teach it. &\ 6. Complete the sentences choosing the words from the boxes. A few, a few, quite a few 1, He's got... friends; he’s very popular at his college. 2. He's got too ... friends and he often feels lonely. 3. Very ... German engineers could speak Chinese when Volkswagen set up a factory in Shanghai. .. German engineers and Chinese managers could speak English, so they were able to communicate in English. 5. There are very ... people who will agree to low-paid jobs. 4. 24Unit one 6. There are ... people who may apply for this job. It’s prestigious and well paid. 7. The meals are awful, but strangely enough, very ... people complain. 8. The meals are awful. No wonder quite ... people complain. 9. The text was easy to translate. There were very ... words | had to look up in the dictionary. 10. The text only seems easy to translate. There are ... booby-traps in it! 11. Ladies and Gentlemen! Let me say ... words about the main advantages ‘of the new method. little, a little 1. ... is known about that old civilization! 2. Walt .. 3. I'm afraid, too ... time is left to discuss everything in detail. 4. I'm sorry, you can’t stay ... longer. 5. ... was left of that lovely place after the earthquake. & 7. Putin the correct article a / an or the. Before you begin reading ... story learn ... few words you might not know. Without it ... humour of ... story is likely to be lost on you. .» Storyis about ... importance of punctuation [ panktjv’er/n]. You must have guessed ... meaning of ... word. ... corresponding verb is ‘to punctuate’ ['pank- tjvert]. ... wildlife manual is ... reference book about animals. To toss means to throw. ... mammat is ... animal that feeds its babies with its own milk. Now you can begin reading ... story. Eats, Shoots & Leaves” .. panda walks into ... café. He orders ... sandwich, eats it, then draws «+ gun and fires two shots in ... air. “Why?” asks ... confused waiter, as ... panda makes towards ... exit. ... panda produces ... badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder. “I'm ... panda,” he says, at ... door. “Look it up.” .» Waiter turns to ... relevant entry** and, sure enough, finds ... explanation: “Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves.” Based on “Eats, Shoots & Leaves” by Lynne Truss. Profile Books Ltd, 2003, **Entry [entri] n 99. sannce 8 cnpaBosHure. 22Can you explain why ... panda took ... gun and fired two shots in ... air? Do you understand what makes ... story funny? If you don't, you won't even smile after reading it. Well, look at ... last sentence carefully. There is ... comma in it, isn’t there? ... comma makes ... word shoots ... verb, meaning «cTpenneT» in Russian. Then ... Russian translation of leaves would be «yxoput». You cer- tainly know ... Russian for /eaves as a noun, don't you? It’s «nuctea». But you may not know ... meaning of shoots as ... noun. It’s ... rare word and you are unlikely to find it in ... small dictionary. So look it up in ... big one. Shoots as .. noun in ... plural means «poctkw», «noGern», «BeTouKM». Then ... story will become funny, won’t it? 8. These are the answers. What were the questions? 1. Every pilot and ship's captain has to speak English because it’s an agreed international language of communication in the air and the sea. 2.Many European multi-national companies now use English as a common language. 3. Many important inventions made in recent years have become an integral part of modern life. 4, English has been the language of rock and pop music ever since rock and roll began in America in the 1950s. 9. Here are some English proverbs. Can you find Russian equivalents? A friend in need is a friend indeed. Rome was not built in a day. Take the bull by the horns. Tastes differ. There is no place like home. A bird in the hands is worth two in the bush. Every medal has two sides. Speech is silver, silence is gold. The best is often the enemy of the good. SONIA oOnN= i O6opor ‘be likely (unlikely) + infinitive with to’ sbipakaet npegnono- j >KeHHe B OTHOWeHMM Byayuero. Bo3moxxHble BAPMaHTbI NepeBoma HA PYCCKMiA ASBIK: | be likely to... — sepostHo, ckopee scero, nOxox*e Ha TO, HTO... + pyc | ckuit riaron 6 6ynyujem BpeMeHH | be unlikely to... — pag nu, CKOpee BCero He, He NOXOXe Ha TO, TO... + + pyccknii rnaron 8 Gyayujem BpemeHn He is likely to be late. - Ox, ckopee ecero, onosgaer. The weather is unlikely to change. - Bpag nu noroga usmenutca.Unit one 10. Which of the existing languages is most likely to take over the status of an international language? This table will help you to make your predictions. Language (country) Reasons Spanish (Spain) economic Italian (Italy) political French (France) numerical German (Germany) military Danish (Denmark) linguistic Dutch (Holland) sociological American English (USA) cultural British English (Great Britain) demographic Russian (Russia) technological Ukrainian (Ukraine) geographical Chinese (China) ecological Japanese (Japan) Esperanto Example: In my opinion Chinese is likely to take over as a world language for numerical reasons. | think English is likely to preserve its status for economic and poli- tical reasons. 11. Translate the following into English using ‘be likely (unlikely)’. 1. Moropa span nu uameHuTca. 2. Norona, ckopee Bcero, USMeHMTCA kK NyHEMy. 3. Si, ckopee Bcero, noeay Ha lor NeTOM. 4. Sra nbeca spa nn 6yneT uMeTe yonex. 12. Fill in the spaces with prepositions from the box. Discuss part B in class. A. in, on, between, over, by, of, at 1. Children under 14 must be accompanied ... an adult. 2. He is very interested ... modern art. He’s got a lot of books ... art at home. 3. The heroine of the book was forced to choose ... happiness and duty. 4. Do you agree that wood has advantages ... plastic? 5. Children learn ... a different rate. 24