Windows Platform I CH 13

Chapter 13: Implementing Server

Virtualization with Hyper-V

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Windows Platform - CH 13

Subject Page Number

Lesson 1: Overview of Virtualization Technologies 3
Server Virtualization with Hyper-V 4
What Is Windows Azure? 4
Desktop Virtualization 4
Presentation Virtualization 5
Application Virtualization 5
Lesson 2: Implementing Hyper-V 6
About Hyper-V 7
Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V 7
Virtual Machine Hardware 7
Configuring Dynamic Memory 8
Configuring Virtual Machine Integration 9
Services
Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop 9
Actions
Hyper-V Resource Metering 9
Lesson 3: Managing Virtual Machine Storage 10
What Is a Virtual Hard Disk? 11
Creating Virtual Disk Types 11
Managing Virtual Hard Disks 12
Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing 12
Disks
Using Snapshots 12
Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Networks 13
What Is a Virtual Switch? 14
Hyper-V Network Virtualization 14
Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses 15
Configuring Virtual Network Adapters 15

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Windows Platform I CH 13

Module Overview
 Overview of Virtualization Technologies
 Implementing Hyper-V
 Managing Virtual Machine Storage
 Managing Virtual Networks

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Lesson 1: Overview of Virtualization Technologies

 Server Virtualization with Hyper-V
 What Is Windows Azure?
 Desktop Virtualization
 Presentation Virtualization
 Application Virtualization

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Server Virtualization with Hyper-V

Benefits of server virtualization with Hyper-V:
 Invisible to users
 Guest machines can use different operating systems
 More efficient use of hardware
 Service and application isolation
 Workload consolidation
 Simplifies server deployment
 virtual machine templates
 virtual machine self-service portals

What Is Windows Azure?

 Windows Azure is a cloud-based platform for hosting virtual machines and
applications
 You pay only for the resources that you use
 You can increase and decrease capacity automatically and swiftly
 You can use Windows Azure to:
 host websites
 host production applications
 host virtual machines
 test proof-of-concept solutions

Desktop Virtualization
Desktop virtualization includes the following technologies:
 Client (Local) Hyper-V
 MED-V
 VDI

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Presentation Virtualization
Differences between desktop virtualization and presentation virtualization

Desktop virtualization Presentation virtualization

Users are assigned their own virtual Users log on and run separate sessions
machines that are running a client on the server
operating system
The desktop and applications run within The desktop and applications run on the
virtual machines host server

Presentation virtualization technologies include:

 Remote Desktop Services
 Full Desktop with RDC
 Application using RemoteApp
 Remote Access through Remote Desktop Gateway

Application Virtualization
Benefits of App-V
Application isolation
 Applications that are not compatible with the server’s operating system or with
one another can be run on the same server
Application streaming
 Application deployment is quicker because only those parts of the application
that are being used are transmitted across the network to the client computer
Application portability
 Applications can follow users across multiple computers, without requiring a
traditional installation on those client computers

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Lesson 2: Implementing Hyper-V

 About Hyper-V
 Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V
 Virtual Machine Hardware
 Configuring Dynamic Memory
 Configuring Virtual Machine Integration Services
 Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop Actions
 Hyper-V Resource Metering

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About Hyper-V
Hyper-V
 Is the hardware virtualization role in Windows Server 2012
 Gives virtual machine guests direct access to the host's hardware
Terminology
 Server also known as parent partition
 Virtual machines also known as child partitions
Compatible server operating systems
 Windows Server 2012 Full GUI
 Windows Server 2012 Server Core
 Windows Server 2012 Server Hyper Core

Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V

Factors to consider when planning hardware for servers running Hyper-V:
 Processor characteristics
 Must have an x64 platform that supports SLAT and Data Execution
 Processing capacity
 Memory
 Storage subsystem performance
 Network throughput (typically multiple NICs)

Virtual Machine Hardware

Virtual machines have the following simulated hardware by default:
 BIOS
 Memory
 Processor
 IDE Controller 0
 IDE Controller 1
 SCSI Controller
 Synthetic Network Adapter

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Windows Platform I CH 13

 COM 1
 COM 2
 Diskette Drive
You can add the following hardware to a virtual machine:
 SCSI Controller (up to 4)
 Network Adapter
 Legacy Network Adapter
 Fibre Channel adapter.
 RemoteFX 3D video adapter

Configuring Dynamic Memory

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Configuring Virtual Machine Integration Services

Possible integration services:
 Operating system shutdown
 Time synchronization
 Data exchange
 Heartbeat
 Backup (volume snapshot)

Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop Actions

Possible automatic start actions:
 Nothing
 Automatically start if it was running when the service stopped
 Always start this virtual machine automatically
Possible automatic stop actions:
 Save the virtual machine state
 Turn off the virtual machine
 Shut down the guest operating system

Hyper-V Resource Metering

Parameters that you can measure with resource metering:
 Average GPU use
 Average physical memory use, including:
 Minimum memory use
 Maximum memory use
 Maximum disk space allocation
 Incoming network traffic for a network adapter
 Outgoing network traffic for a network adapter

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Lesson 3: Managing Virtual Machine Storage

 What Is a Virtual Hard Disk?
 Creating Virtual Disk Types
 Managing Virtual Hard Disks
 Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing Disks
 Using Snapshots

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What Is a Virtual Hard Disk?

A virtual hard disk is a special file format that represents a traditional hard disk drive
VHDX format has the following benefits over the VHD format:
 The disks can be larger (64 TB versus 2 TB)
 The disk is less likely to become corrupt
 the format supports better alignment when deployed to a large sector disk.
 It allows larger block size for dynamic and differencing disks

Creating Virtual Disk Types

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Windows Platform I CH 13

Managing Virtual Hard Disks

Possible maintenance operations on virtual hard disks:
 Convert from fixed to dynamic
 Convert from dynamic to fixed
 Convert from VHD to VHDX format
 Convert from VHDX to VHD format
 Shrink a dynamic virtual hard disk
 Expand a dynamic or fixed virtual hard disk

Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing Disks

 Differencing disks reduce space used by storage at the cost of performance
 You can link multiple differencing disks to a single parent disk
 You cannot modify parent disk
 You can use Inspect Disk tool to reconnect a differencing disk to a missing
parent

Using Snapshots
 Point-in-time copy of a virtual machine
 Does not affect running state of a virtual machine
 Snapshot files:
 Virtual machine configuration .xml file
 Saved-state files
 Differencing disk (.avhd)

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Windows Platform - CH 13

Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Networks

 What Is a Virtual Switch?
 Hyper-V Network Virtualization
 Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses
 Configuring Virtual Network Adapters

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Windows Platform I CH 13

What Is a Virtual Switch?

Hyper-V on Windows Server 2012 supports three different types of virtual switches:
External
Used to map a network to a specific network adapter or network adapter team
Internal
Used to communicate between the virtual machines on the host and between the
virtual machines and the host itself
Private
Used to communicate between virtual machines, not between the virtual machines
and the host itself
VLAN IDs
Used to extend VLANs within the host's network switch to VLANS on the external
network

Hyper-V Network Virtualization

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Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses

Configuring Virtual Network Adapters

Properties of a network adapter:
 Virtual Switch
 VLAN ID
 Bandwidth Management
Advanced features of a network adapter:
 MAC address allocation
 DHCP Guard
 Router Guard
 Port Mirroring
 NIC Teaming
Hardware acceleration features of synthetic network adapters
 Virtual Machine Queue
 IPsec task offloading
 SR-IOV

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Windows Platform I CH 13

Lab: Implementing Server Virtualization with Hyper-V

 Exercise 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role
 Exercise 2: Configuring Virtual Networking
 Exercise 3: Creating and Configuring a Virtual Machine
 Exercise 4: Using Virtual Machine Snapshots

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Module_13

Question: Ask the students why they might consider using fixed virtual hard disks
instead of dynamic virtual hard disks.
Answer:
 They want to ensure that they retain control over the growth of virtual hard
disks.
 They want to pre-allocate storage.

Question: Ask the students in what types of situations they might encounter
difficulties if they used dynamically expanding disks.
Answer: With dynamically expanding disks, it is easy to place multiple dynamically
expanding disks on the same volume, and then have them grow to consume the
volume. You do not have to plan volume use.

Question: What type of virtual network switch would you create if you wanted to
allow the virtual machine to communicate with the local area network connected to
the Hyper-V host?
Answer: You would create an External virtual network switch.

Question: How can you ensure that no one single virtual machine uses all available
bandwidth provided by the Hyper-V host?
Answer: You would configure maximum and minimum bandwidth settings on virtual
network adapters.

Question: What dynamic memory configuration task can you perform on a virtual
machine hosted on Hyper-V 3.0 that was not possible on Hyper-V 2.0?
Answer: You can modify dynamic memory settings while the virtual machine is
running on Hyper-V 3.0. You could not do this on previous versions of Hyper-V.

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Windows Platform I CH 13

Question: In which situations should you use a fixed memory allocation rather than
dynamic memory?
Answer: You should use fixed memory allocation in the following situations:
 When the guest operating system does not support dynamic memory.
 When the host operating system has limited memory resources, and you need
to ensure that operating systems are allocated memory fairly.

Question: In which situations must you use VHDX format virtual hard disks as
opposed to VHD format virtual hard disks?
Answer: You should use VHDX rather than VHD in the following situations:
 You need to support virtual hard disks larger than 2 TB. VHDX files can be a
maximum of 64 TB , while VHD files are limited to 2 TB.
 You need to protect against data corruption caused by power failures. VHDX
files are less likely to become corrupted in the event of unexpected power
failure because of the way that the file format processes updates.
 You need to deploy a virtual hard disk to a large sector disk.
Question: You want to deploy a Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V virtual machine's
virtual hard disk on a file share. What operating system must the file server be
running to support this configuration?
Answer: You can only deploy virtual hard disks to file shares that support SMB 3.0,
and only the Windows Server 2012 operating system supports hosting SMB 3.0 file
shares.

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