Rebadging and inter-brand engines

Some makes are very obviously working together.

VAG group -> Audi, Volkswagen, Seat, Skoda and even Porsche is involved. Less known are the luxury brands like Lamborghini, Bugatti
and Bentley
Fiat group -> Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Lancia, Chrysler, Jeep (Dodge - not in EU since 2012) and the exotic makes Ferrari and Maserati.
Iveco is a subsidiary of Fiat as well.
PSA -> Citroën and Peugeot
Renault -> Renault, Dacia, Nissan (and for foreign markets Samsung)
Ford -> Ford (In the past Mazda, Volvo, Land Rover & Jaguar (Tata) Aston Martin were part of Ford)
Hyundai -> Hyundai, Infinity and Kia
GM -> Opel, Vauxhall (UK), Chevrolet, Saab, Isuzu, Cadillac, Holden (Australia)
Daimler -> Mercedes Benz, Smart and Maybach
Toyota -> Toyota, Lexus, Daihatsu (not EU since 2013) and Subaru
Rover -> Rover and MG
BMW - > BMW, Mini and Rolls Royce

For an overview of Car concerns and their subsididiaries see: Automotive family tree 2010 or the older version Automotive family tree 2007

Rebadging:

Opel – Vauxhall
Opel Movano - Nissan Interstar - Renault Master
Opel Vivaro – Nissan Primastar – Renault Trafic
Nissan Kubistar – Renault Kangoo
Opel Monterey – Isuzu Trooper
Opel Campo – Isuzu Pick Up
Ford Galaxy – Seat Alhambra – VW Sharan (-> MY 2006)
Seat Alhambra MY11 - VW Sharan MY11
Citroen C4 Aircross - Peugeot 4008
Opel Agila – Suzuki Wagon R+
Suzuki Splash – Opel Agila B
Fiat Sedici – Suzuki SX4 (-> 2013)
Citroen C1 – Peugeot 107 – Toyota Aygo
Citroen Evasion – Peugeot 806 – Fiat Ulysse – Lancia Zeta
Citroen C8 – Peugeot 807 – Fiat Ulysse – Lancia Phedra
Citroen Nemo – Peugeot Bipper – Fiat Fiorino
Citroen Jumpy – Peugeot Expert – Fiat Scudo - Toyota ProAce
Citroen Jumper – Peugeot Boxer – Fiat Ducato
Citroen Berlingo – Peugeot Partner
Chrysler 300C MY12 - Lancia Thema MY12
Chrysler Ypsilon - Lancia Ypsilon MY12
Chrysler Voyager MY12 - Lancia Voyager
Chrysler Delta - Lancia Delta MY12
Chrysler Sebring (JS) - Dodge Avenger (JS) - Lancia Flavia
Dodge Journey - Fiat Freemont
Mitsubishi Outlander – Citroen C-Crosser – Peugeot 4007
Toyota Verso - Subaru Trezia
Toyota GT86 - Subaru BRZ
Ford Ranger - Mazda B, Mazda BT-50
Volkswagen Up! - Seat Mii - Skoda Citigo

Shared platform:

Ford Ka - Fiat 500

Renault Twingo MY2014 - Smart Fortwo MY2014
Renault Thalia III - Dacia Logan
Ford Mondeo - Volvo S60
Nissan Pixo - Suzuki Alto
Opel Corsa D - Fiat Grande Punto
Volvo S40 was built in same assembly line as the Mitsubishi Carisma
Mitsubishi Colt MY04 was built in same assembly line as the Smart ForFour
Renault twingo MY14 - SmartForFour MY14
Hyundai i30 - Kia Cee'd
Ford Fiesta - Mazda 2
Opel Vectra C - Saab 9-3 - Cadillac BLS
Opel Combo - Fiat Doblo
Renault Kangoo - Mercedes Citan

Shared Engines:
 PSA diesels used by Ford and Mini
Porsche Cayenne uses VAG V6 petrol.

Notes:

Ssang Yong has been sold as Daewoo in some countries

Daewoo continued as Chevrolet and is now part of GM
Subaru is known by their boxer engines and there standard 4WD