M. Ahmad, M.

Missler,
Neurexins,
Editor(s): Larry R. Squire,
Encyclopedia of Neuroscience,
Academic Press,
2009,
Pages 261-267,
ISBN 9780080450469,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045046-9.01365-6.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080450469013656)
Abstract: Neurexins are transmembrane proteins expressed in neurons and
(neuro)endocrine cells. Neurexins exist in multiple isoforms resulting from their
encryption by three genes that are transcribed by two promoters and further
modified by extensive alternative splicing. α-Neurexin and β-neurexin proteins are
composed of ligand-binding domains that bind to several extracellular and
intracellular interaction partners. Mouse genetics has demonstrated an essential
role for α-neurexins in Ca2+-dependent synaptic transmission and a minor role in
synapse formation. β-Neurexins, in turn, show a strong potential to induce and
differentiate synapses in cell culture assays. Consequently, neurexins have emerged
as key synaptic cell-adhesion molecules with important functions in Ca2+-triggered
release and the development of synapses.
Keywords: Alternative splicing; Ca2+ channels; Exocytosis; LNS domain; Neurexin;
Neurexophilin; Neuroligin; Synaptic cell adhesion molecules; Synaptic transmission;
Synaptogenesis