Sub Direktorat Kualifikasi Pendidik

Direktorat Kualifikasi Sumber Daya Manusia

Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Iptek dan Dikti
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi
Gedung D Lantai 4, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Pintu Satu,Senayan, Jakarta Pusat 10270

INTRODUCTION
PELATIHAN PROGRAM TALENT SCOUTING 2019
BEASISWA LUAR NEGERI

TIM Talent Scouting

Email: bpps@ristekdikti.go.id | blndikti@ristekdikti.go.id URL: http://beasiswa.ristekdikti.go.id
 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

The Research Proposal

§ The research proposal is the key ‘gateway’ document to
your research/dissertation. It sets out the main details of
how your research will be conducted.
§ In many universities the dissertation cannot be
progressed until a supervisor has been allocated and the
research proposal agreed between student and
supervisor.
§ It is also a key document in formulating and crystalizing
your topic ideas into a ‘do-able’ dissertation.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 2

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Supervisor’s Expectation of Research

Proposal
§ In assessing a research proposal, supervisors gave 3
most values to:
§ the logic of argument
§ a well-focused research questions and set of research
objectives
§ the width and depth of the student’s reading.

(Caldman, 2002 in Paltridge & Starfield, 2007, Thesis and Dissertation Writing in
a Second Language, p. 62)

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 3

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

The research proposal: CONTENT

1. Title 6. Literature review
2. Name and Institution 7. Methodology
3. Introduction
(Background to the 8. Ethical issues
research) 9. Access issues
4. The research problem 10.Time-scale.
5. The objectives of the 11.Bibliography
research

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 4

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Creating a Working Title

§ Orient your readers to your research topic.
§ Indicate the type of study you will conduct.

Examples:
§ Role of the Hydrologic Cycle in Vegetation Response to Climate
Change: An Analysis Using VEMAP Phase 2 Model Experiments
§ Geographic Representations of the Planet Mars, 1867-1907

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 5

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

The Working Title or the “Pitch/Thesis Statement”

§ Consists of a working title in which the writer clearly introduces the

topic and informs an audience exactly which is the focus of the thesis

§ It should be succinct
§ It should be informative
§ It needs to be narrow rather than general
§ Differentiates the paper from other papers of the same subject area

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 6

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Narrowing the focus: Example

Example:
§ Broad Topic: "The history of industrial development in Korea."

§ Narrow Topic: "The history of the automobile industry in Korea

during the Asian Financial Crisis of the late 1990s."

§ Research Question: "Did the Asian Financial Crisis of the late

1990s bring harm to the automobile industry in Korea or did it
bring benefit?"

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 7

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Abstract
§ Provide a brief (100-350 word) overview of
the proposal
§ Summarize important elements
(Introduction, Statement of the Problem,
Background of the Study, Research
Questions or Hypotheses, and Methods and
Procedures).
23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 8
 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Introduction
• Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account
of the problem studied.
• State the objective of the investigation. Your research objective is
the most important part of the introduction.
• Establish the significance of your work: Why was there a need to
conduct the study?
• Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give a full
history of the topic. Only quote previous work having direct
bearing on the present problem.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 9

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Introduction
§ Clearly state your hypothesis, the variables investigated, and
concisely summarize the methods used.
§ Provide a concise discussion of the results and findings of other
studies so the reader understands the big picture.
§ Identify any questions left unanswered and any new questions
generated by your study.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 10

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Introduction (Summary)
§ Background to the study
§ Brief overview of the current state of the field
§ Citing other people’s work
§ How the authors arrived at their research question
§ Why this is the most important question in the world!
§ HYPOTHESIS
§ Simple
§ Easily answered

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 11

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

How the Problem Differs from

Other Parts of Research
• A research problem is an educational issue or
problem in the study.
• A research topic is the broad subject matter
being addressed in a study.
• A purpose is the major intent or objective of
the study.
• Research questions are those that the
researcher would like answered or addressed
in the study.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 12

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Justifying the Importance of the

Research Problem
§ Justification based on what other
researchers
have found
§ Justification based on personal or workplace
experiences
§ Justification based on the experiences that
others have had in the workplace

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 13

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Statement of the Problem

§ Answer the question: “What is the gap that needs
to be filled?” and/or “What is the problem that
needs to be solved?”
§ State the problem clearly early in a paragraph.
§ Limit the variables you address in stating your
problem or question.
§ Consider framing the problem as a question.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 14

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Locating the Research Problem

§ Read the opening paragraphs of existing
studies for one or more of the following:
§ What is the issue or problem?
§ What controversy leads to the need for a study?
§ What concern is being addressed behind the
study?
§ Is there a sentence such as, “The problem being
addressed in this study is…”?

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 15

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Determining Whether a Problem

Should Be Researched (1)
§ Can you study the problem?
§ Do you have access to the research site?
§ Do you have the time, resources, and skills
to carry out the research?
§ Should you study the problem?
§ Does it advance knowledge?
§ Does it contribute to practice?

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 16

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Determining Whether a Problem

Should Be Researched (2)
§ Will your study fill a gap or void in the existing
literature?
§ Will your study replicate a past study but
examine different participants and different
research sites?
§ Will your study extend past research or examine
the topic more thoroughly?
§ Will your study inform practice?

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 17

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

An Example: (from Jones & Bartlett Publ.)

Research Research Hypothesis

Problem Question

• There is an elevated • Is the proximity of • The risk of hospital

rate of hospital residences to the admissions for
admissions for coke-works site respiratory problems
children with associated with the for children
respiratory problems hospital admissions increases with
in a community that of children for proximity to the
is located near a respiratory coke-works site
coke-works site problems?

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 18

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Another example
Practical Research Research Hypothesis
Problem Problem Question • More role
• More budget • More factors • How have role models and
spent for youth influencing modelling and higher
entrepre- youth entrepre- business capability have
neurship but no neurship capability significantly
significant (rather than affected the influenced
growth of solely budget successful successful
businesses of program in business? entrepre-
youth entrepre- entrepre- neurship
neurs. neurship): role activities.
model and
business
capability.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 19

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Purpose/Aims/Rationale/Research
Questions (1)
§ Explain the goals and research objectives of the
study.
§ Show the original contributions of your study.
§ Provide a more detailed account of the points
summarized in the introduction.
§ Include a rationale for the study.
§ Be clear about what your study will not address.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 20

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Purpose/Aims/Rationale/Research
Questions (2)
In addition, this section may:
§ Describe the research questions and/or
hypotheses of the study.
§ Include a subsection defining important terms.
§ State limitations of the research.
§ Provide a rationale for the particular subjects of
the study.

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 21

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Purpose/Aims/Rationale/
Research Questions: Example #1

My objectives are twofold. First, I intend to examine the effects of historic

shifts in climate on the interactions of the carbon and water cycles as
simulated by the constituent models of VEMAP Phase 2. . . . Second, I will
investigate how alterations to future climate, as simulated through the end
of the 21st century, are predicted to impact those same cycles and
interactions. The linkages between the carbon and water cycles at the
regional scale have only recently been the subjects of research; hence,
much work remains to improve our understanding of the feedbacks
between coupled processes. . . . Questions I plan to investigate include:
How does the water balance of a region, including surface runoff, change
as a result of climate alterations . . . ?

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 22

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Purpose/Aims/Rationale/
Research Questions: Example #2
§ The guiding research question is: Under what conditions do Latinos in
Queens, NY, switch their ethnic identification? This involves the
following specific objectives:
§ To document the incidence of multiple ethnic identities among research
participants. This involves collecting life histories that focus on the
ethnic background of informants and their experience with ethnicity.
§ To determine the contexts under which people invoke their ethnic
identity. This involves collecting data on characteristics of the
community and social networks of communities. It will also involve
prolonged shadowing observations of the participants (with their
consent) in their day-to-day activities. [etc.]

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 23

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

Consider when writing your

Introduction: Tips
1. Be aware of who will be reading your manuscript and
make sure the Introduction is directed to that audience.
2. Move from general to specific: from the problem in the
real world to the literature to your research.
3. Write in the present tense except for what you did or
found, which should be in the past tense.
4. Be concise
5. Submit ON-TIME

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 24

 Direktorat Kualifikasi SDM, Direktorat Jenderal Sumberdaya Iptek dan Dikti

The proposal must be in your own words

This means:
• That you show you have understood what you are reading by interpreting it in
your own words
• That you are not just paraphrasing. Paraphrasing involves rewriting each
sentence of something you have read, changing the wording a little bit. This is
not enough to make the material "your own words.“
• That you show that you can interpret what the writer of an article is saying
without needing to use many of the writer’s words.
• That you do not quote large parts of the papers you are reading as you write the
Literature Review

23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 25

 Thank you

Let’s write
your
introduction!
23/08/2019 Workshop Talent Scouting 2019 Beasiswa Luar Negeri: Introduction 26