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Course Syllabus B. Tech. (Agricultural Engineering)
Course Syllabus B. Tech. (Agricultural Engineering)
Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Know about matrices and their ranking
Understand the eigen values, eigen vectors and their properties
Distinguish between linear and orthogonal transformation
Develop knowledge on Cayley Hamilton theorem
Know about diagonalization of matrices
Understand the function of two or more independent variables
Know about Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansion
Distinguish between homogenous and composite function
Have a brief knowledge on Jacobian’s error evaluation
Know about Stroke’s divergence and Green’s theorem
Theory
Matrices: Elementary transformations, Gauss-Jordon method to find inverse of a matrix, eigen values
and Eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, linear transformation, diagonalization of matrices,
Solution of linear equations, nature of rank, using Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find inverse of A.
Differential calculus: Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansions; function of two or more independent
variables, partial differentiation, homogeneous functions and Euler’s theorem, composite functions,
total derivatives, maxima and minima.
Integral calculus: volumes and surfaces of revolution of curves; double and triple integrals, change of
order of integration, application of double and triple integrals to find area and volume. Vector calculus:
Differentiation of vectors, scalar and vector point functions, vector differential operator Del, Gradient
of a scalar point function, Divergence and Curl of a vector point function and their physical
interpretations, identities involving Del, second order differential operator; line, surface and volume
integrals, Stoke’s, divergence and Green’s theorems (without proofs).
Tutorial
Rank of a matrix, consistency and solution of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors, Cayley-
Hamilton theorem, diagonalization of matrices; Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansion, function of two
or more independent variables partial differentiation, maxima and minima, Homogenous function and
Euler’s theorem
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1. Matrix Theory Introduction to matrices
2. Elementary transformations
(B)Lecture Tutorial
Lecture Details
1. Rank of a matrix
2. Consistency and solution of linear equations
3. Eigen values and eigen vectors
4. Cayley-Hamilton theorem
5. Diagonalization of matrices
6. Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansion
7. Function of two or more independent variables
8. Partial differentiation
9. Maxima and minima
10. Homogenous function and Eulers theorem
11. Differentiation of vectors
12. Gradient and scalar point function
13. Divergence of a vector point function
14. Surface integrals, volume integrals
15. Stoke’s divergence theorem
16. Green’s theorem without proof
References
1. Narayan Shanti. 2004. Differential Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Narayan Shanti. 2004. Integral Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Grewal B S. 2004. Higher Engineering Mathematics. Khanna Publishers Delhi.
4. Narayan Shanti. 2004. A Text Book of Vector. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi .
Engineering Physics
1. Course No : PHY - 111
2. Course title : Engineering Physics
3. Credit hour : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 1st year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General objective : To educate the students on various engineering aspects of
Physics.
7. Specific objective:
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Distinguish among conductor, insulator and semiconductors in terms of band gap
Have a brief knowledge on semiconductors
To know the quantum nature of electrons
To have an idea about effective mass of electrons and holes
Know about different types of magnetic materials and their properties
Understand the dual nature of particles
Understand the effect of electric and magnetic field on spectra of atoms and molecules
Theory
Dia, para and ferromagnetism-classification. Langevin theory of dia and paramagnetism.
Adiabatic demagnetization. Weiss molecular field theory and ferromagnetism. Curie-Weiss law.
Wave particle quality, de-Broglie concept, uncertainty principle. Wave function. Time
dependent and time independent Schrodinger wave equation, Qualitative explanation of Zeeman
effect, Stark effect and Paschan Back effect, Raman spectroscopy. Statement of Bloch’s
function. Bands in solids, velocity of Bloch’s electron and effective mass. Distinction between
metals. insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, law of mass
action. Determination of energy gap in semiconductors. Donors and acceptor levels.
Superconductivity, critical magnetic field. Meissner effect. Isotope effect. Type-I and II
superconductors, Josephson’s effect DC and AC, Squids. Introduction to high T c
superconductors. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients.
Population inversion, He-Ne and Ruby lasers. Ammonia and Ruby masers, Holography-Note.
Optical fiber. Physical structure. basic theory. Mode type, input output characteristics of optical
fiber and applications. Illumination: laws of illumination, luminous flux, luminous intensity,
candle power, brightness.
Practical
To find the frequency of A.C. supply using an electrical vibrator; To find the low resistance
using Carey Foster bridge without calibrating the bridge wire; To determine dielectric constant
of material using De Sauty’s bridge; To determine the value of specific charge (e/m) for
electrons by helical method; To study the induced e.m.f. as a function of velocity of the magnet;
To obtain hysteresis curve (B-H curve) on a C.R.O. and to determine related magnetic
quantities; To study the variation of magnetic field with distance along the axis of a current
carrying circular coil and to detuning the radius of the coil; To determine the energy band gap in
a semiconductor using a p-n Junction diode; To determine the slit width from Fraunhofer
diffraction pattern using laser beam; To find the numerical aperture of optical fiber: To set up
the fiber optic analog and digital link; To study the phase relationships in L.R. circuit; To study
LCR circuit; To study the variations of thermoemf of a copper-constantan thermo-couple with
temperature; To find the wave length of light by prism.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Dia, para and ferro-magnetism - classification
2 Langrevin theory of dia, and para magnetism
Magnetism
Adiabatic demagnetization, Weiss molecular field
3
theory
4 Wave particles duality
Introduction to
5 de Broglie concept uncertainty principle
Quantum
Time dependent and time independent Schrodinger
6 Mechanics
equation
7 Qualitative explanation of Zeeman effect
8 Spectroscopy Stark effect and Paschen back effect
9 Raman spectroscopy
10 Statement of Bloch function
11 Bands in solids, effective mass
Solid state Physics
Distinction between metals insulators and semi-
12
conductors
Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors, law of mass
13
action
Semiconductors
14 Determination of energy gap in semi-conductors
15 Donors and acceptor levels
16 Super conductivity, critical magnetic field
17 Meissner effect, isotope effect
18 Superconductivity Type I and II superconductors, Josephsons effect,
DC and AC squids, Introduction to high Tc
19
superconductors
Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A &
20
LASERS and B coefficients
21 MASERS Population inversion, He, Ne and Ruby lasers
22 Ammonia and Ruby masers
23 Optical fibre, physical structure, basic theory
Holography and
Type of modes, characteristics of optical fibre and
24 Optical fibre
applications
25 Laws of illumination, luminous flux
Illumination
26 Luminous intensity, candle power, brightness
References
Theory books
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C Kittel, Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd.
2. Quantum Mechanics, Theory and Application by Ghatak and Lokanath.
3. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by M D Das and P K Jena, Kitab Mahal.
4. Modern Physics by H S Mani and G K Mehta
5. Laser and Non-linear Optics by B B Laud, John Wiley
6. An Introduction to Laser by M N Avadhanulu, S. Chand Publication
7. Foundations of Electronics by Chattopadhyay, Bikshit, Saha and Pukali
8. Optics by Satyaprakash, RatanPrakashanMandir
9. Text book of Optics by Brijlal and Subramanyam, S. Chand Publication
10. Introduction to Atomic Spectra by H.E. White, Mc-Graw Hill Publication
11. Electricity and Magnetism by Rakshit and Chattopadhyay, S. Chand Publication
12. Elementary Solid State Physics by M A Omar, Addison Weasley Publication
Practical books
1. Advanced Practical Physics by B L Worsnop and H C Flint
2. Physics through Experiments, vol. I & II, by B sarafEral, Vikas Publication, New Delhi
3. A laboratory Manual of Physics for under graduate classes by D P Khandelwal, Vant
Publishing House, New Delhi
Engineering Chemistry
1. Course No : CHM - 111
2. Course title : Engineering Chemistry
3. Credit hour : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 1st year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General objective : To educate the students on various engineering aspects of
Chemistry.
7. Specific objective:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course, the student will be able to
Know different type of fuel and their quality through various analytical methods
Understand the cause, effect and prevention of corrosion
Learn about the type of water and its effect on industries
Acquire knowledge about the modern instruments for analysis of samples
Know the nutrition value of food, types of food preservatives, colouring reagents and
flavouring reagents
Acquire basic idea about polymerization and its properties
Determination of molecular mass through various methods
(b)Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the student will learn to
Find out the amount of temporary and total hardness causing water pollution
Determine the amount of available chlorine in bleaching powder
Find out the amount of dissolved oxygen needed to support aquatic life
Determine the concentration of coloured solution spectrophotometrically
Theory
Phase rule and its application to one and two component systems. Fuels: classification. Calorific
value. Colloids: classification. Properties. Corrosion: causes. types and method of prevention. Water:
temporary and permanent hardness. Disadvantages of hard water, scale and sludge formation in
boilers, boiler corrosion. Analytical methods like thermo-gravimetric. polarographic analysis. nuclear
radiation. Detectors and analytical applications of radioactive materials. Enzymes and their use in the
manufacturing of ethanol and acetic acid by fermentation methods. Principles of food chemistry.
Introduction to lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, food preseltators, colouring and flavouring
reagents of food. Lubricants: properties. Mechanism. Classification and tests. Polymers. Types of
polymerization. Properties. Uses and methods for the determination of molecular weight of polymers.
Introduction to IR spectroscopy.
Practical
Determination of temporary and permanent hardness of water by EDTA method: Estimation
of chloride in water: Estimation of dissolved oxygen in water: Estimation of available chlorine in
bleaching powder: Determination of λnax and verification of Beer Lambert Law.
References
1. Organic Chemistry: Robert. T. Morrison and Robert. N .Boyd, Pearson publication
2. Organic Chemistry: I. L. Finar, Pearson publication
3. Spectroscopy: By Y.R.Sharam, Kalyani Publisher
4. Engg. Chemistry by Jain and Jain, Dhanpat Rai Publication.
5. Physical Chemistry by Samuel Glasstone by Mc. Graw Hill.
Principle of Soil Science
1. Course No : AC - 112
2. Course title : Principle of Soil science
3. Credit hour : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 1st year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General objective : To educate the students on various engineering aspects of soil
science.
7. Specific objective:
References
1. The nature and properties of soil (2002) - N.C. Brady and Ray, R. Weill; Pearson
Education Inc. New Delhi.
2. A text book of soil science (1987) - T.D. Biswas and S.K. Mukharjee; Tata McGraw-Hill
publishing co. ltd.
3. Fundamentals of soil science (2002) - Indian Society of soil science, IARI, New Delhi.
4. Soil pedology (1996) – J. L. Sehgal, Kalyani publication, Ludhiana.
5. Soil Physics (1987) – B.P. Ghildyal and R.P. Tripathy; Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Introduction to soil physics-Daniel Hillel, Academic Press, New York
7. Introductory to soil science- Dilip Kumar Das, Kalyani publication, Ludhiana.
8. Practical manual for Introduction to soil science-P. K. Das, A. K. Dash, and G. H. Santra,
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Orissa University of Agriculture
& Technology Bhubaneswar.
Surveying and Levelling
1. Course no. :ASCE-111
2. Course title :Surveying and Levelling
3. Credit hours :3(1+2)
4. Class :1st year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General Objectives:To acquaint the students different land survey methods and to take
various measurements.
7. Specific Objectives
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Understand the importance of surveying, how to prepare maps, plans and the
importance of different scales
Know about taking measurements linear, angular and altitude etc.
Know about the different land features, specifications of work and to give layout of
Engineering structures
Computation of area of fields and volume of earthwork, items of works in construction
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Use different survey equipments like chain, tape, ranging of straight lines, drawing of
offsets
Different angular measurements/bearings by using prismatic compass
Different traversing methods by using the plane table
Use of dumpy level, theodolite, conducting various types of field survey
Theory
Surveying: introduction, classification and basic principles, linear measurements. Chain surveying.
Cross staff survey, compass survey. Planimeter, errors in measurements, their elimination and
correction. Plane table surveying. Levelling, leveling difficulties and error in leveling, contouring,
computation of area and volume. Theodolite traversing. Introduction to setting of curves. Total station,
electronic theodolite. Introduction to gps survey.
Practical
Chain survey of an area and preparation of map; Compass survey of an area and plotting of compass
survey; Plane table surveying; Levelling. L section and X sections and its plotting; Contour survey of
an area and preparation of contour map; Introduction of software in drawing contour; Theodolite
surveying; Ranging by Theodolite, Height of object by using Theodolite; Setting out curves by
Theodolite; Minor instruments. Use of total station.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
References
1. Punmia, B.C. Surveying, Vol.I.Laxmi Publications, New Delhi
2. Agor, R. A Text Book of Surveying & Levelling, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
3. Kanetkar, T.P.1993. Surveying and Levelling, Pune Vidyarthi Grihaprakashan, Pune
Engineering Mechanics
1. Course No. : ASCE - 112
2. Course Title : Engineering Mechanics
3. Credit Hours : 3(2+1)
4. Class : 1st year B.Tech (Agril.Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General Objective : To impart basic knowledge on engineering mechanics
7. Specific objective
a) Theory
By the end of the course the student will -
Understand the importance of different force system, composition, resolution and
analysis of force systems
Know about moments, couples, C.G., moment of inertia, FBD and frictional forces
Know about the different simple framed structures, shear force, stresses and torsion in
the beams
b) Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will be able to
Use different problems on composition and resolution of forces, moments of a force,
couple, and analysis of different types of forces
Different problems on C.G. and M.I.
To know how to analyze a truss structure by methods of sections and methods of joints
Problems related to simple stress and strain in beams and complex stresses
Theory
Basic concepts of Engineering Mechanics. Force systems, Centroid, Moment of inertia, Free body
diagram and equilibrium of forces. Frictional forces Analysis of simple framed structures using
methods of joints, methods of sections and graphical method. Simple stresses. Shear force and bending
moment diagrams. Stresses in beams, Torsion. Analysis of plane and complex stresses.
Practical
Problems on composition and resolution of forces, moments of a force, couples, transmission of a
couple, resolution of a force into a force & a couple; Problems relating to resultant of; Co-planer force
system, collinear force system, concurrent force system, co-planer concurrent force system, co-planer
non-concurrent force system, Non-coplaner concurrent force system, Non-coplaner non-concurrent
force system, system of couples in space; Problems relating to centroids of composite areas; Problems
on moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, radius of gyration, polar radius of gyration of composite
areas; Equilibrium of concurrent – co-planer and non concurrent – co-planer force systems; Problems
involving frictional forces; Analysis of simple trusses by method of joints and method of sections;
Analysis of simple trusses by graphical method; Problems relating to simple stresses and strains;
Problems on shear force and bending moment diagrams; Problems relating to stresses in beams;
Problems on torsion of shafts; Analysis of plane and complex stresses.
Practical
Introduction of drawing scales; First and third angle methods of projection. Principles of orthographic
projections; References planes; Points and lines in space and traces of lines and planes; Auxiliary
planes and true shapes of oblique plain surface; True length and inclination of lines; Projections of
solids (Change of position method, alteration of ground lines); Section of solids and Interpenetration of
solid surfaces; Development of surfaces of geometrical solids; Isometric projection of geometrical
solids. Preparation of working drawing from models and isometric views. Drawing of missing views.
Different methods of dimensioning. Concept of sectioning. Revolved and oblique sections. Sectional
drawing of simple machine parts. Types of rivet heads and riveted joints. Processes for producing leak
proof joints. Symbols for different types of welded joints. Nomenclature, thread profiles, multi start
threads, left and right hand threads. Square headed and hexagonal nuts and bolts. Conventional
representation of threads. Different types of lock nuts, studs, machine screws, cap screws and wood
screws. Foundation bolts. Forms of screw threads like metric thread, whit worth thread, square thread,
acme thread, knuckle thread, buttress thread etc., Bolts- headed centre, stud screws, set screws, butt,
hexagonal and square; keys-types, taper, rank taper, hollow saddle etc.
(A)Class wise break up
Class Practical
1 Introduction to engineering drawing, books to be followed, materials to be purchased &
schedule of practical
2 Practice of different layout drawings, Drawing sheet No 1
3 Introduction to lettering & dimensioning, different types of letters used in engineering drawing,
dimension line, Extension line, aligned system, unidirectional system, chain dimensioning,
parallel dimensioning etc.
4 Drawing of different lines with conception of lettering and dimensioning
Drawing sheet No 2
5 Introduction to scale, Representative Fraction (R.F.), Theory & procedure
6 Drawing of plain scale and diagonal scale
Drawing sheet No 3
7 Drawing of comparative scale, vernier scale and scale of chord
Drawing sheet No 3
8 Construction of plane geometrical figures, Drawing of polygons like pentagon, hexagon etc by
general method, Construction of arcs , parallel & perpendicular lines
Drawing sheet No 4
9 Inscribing of a regular octagon in a given square, Inscribing of a regular polygon of any
number of sides in a given circle, Describing of a regular polygon of any number of sides
about a given circle
Drawing sheet No 4
10 Principles of orthographic projections; References planes; Points and lines in space and traces
of lines and planes; Auxiliary planes and true shapes of oblique plain surface; True length and
inclination of lines 1st angle projection , 3rd angle projection
11 Drawing for orthographic projection of points & lines (1 st angle projection )
Drawing sheet No 5
12 Drawing for orthographic projection of points & lines (3 rd angle projection )
Drawing sheet No 6
13 Projections of solids (Change of position method, alteration of ground lines)
Drawing sheet No 7
14 Development of surfaces of geometrical solids
Drawing sheet No 7
15 Preparation of working drawing from models and isometric views , Drawing of missing views
(1st angle projection )
Drawing sheet No 8
16 -do-
17 Preparation of working drawing from models and isometric views , Drawing of missing views
(3rd angle projection )
Drawing sheet No 9
18 -do-
19 Isometric projection of geometrical solids.
Drawing sheet No 10
20 -do-
21 Concept of sectioning. Revolved and oblique sections. Section of solids and Interpenetration of
solid surfaces
22 Sectional drawing of simple machine parts
Drawing sheet No 11
23 Nomenclature, thread profiles, multi start threads, left and right hand threads
Conventional representation of threads.
24 Forms of screw threads, representation of threads drawing for screw thread like metric thread,
Whitworth thread, square thread, acme thread, knuckle thread, buttress thread etc
Drawing sheet No 12
25 Square headed and hexagonal nuts and bolts
Drawing sheet No 13
26 -do-
27 Types of rivet heads and riveted joints. Processes for producing leak proof joints
Drawing sheet No 14
28 Symbols for different types of welded joints
Drawing sheet No 15
29 Introduction to construction of agricultural implements
Drawing sheet No 16
30 -do-
31 Revision & Discussion
32 Revision & Discussion
References
1. Bhat N D. 2010. Elementary Engineering Drawing. Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Anand.
2. Bhatt N D and Panchal V M. 2013. Machine Drawing. Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Anand.
3. Narayana K L and Kannaiah P. 2010. Machine Drawing. Scitech Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.,
Chennai.
Text Book:
1. Gupta C P and Prakash R. 1994. Engineering Heat Transfer. Nem Chand and Bros., Roorkee.
2. Kumar D.S., 2008. Engineering Thermodynamics, S.K. Kataria& Sons, 4424/6, Guru Nanak
Market, NaiSarak, Delhi – 110006.
Reference Books:
1. Holman J P. 1989. Heat Transfer. McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.
2. Incropera F P and De Witt D P. 1980. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley
and Sons, New York.
Engineering Mathematics-II
Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Understand Cauchy’s and Legendre’s linear equations
Know about series solution techniques
Distinguish between the exact and Bernoulli’s differential equations
Apply one dimensional heat and wave equation
Distinguish between various functions of complex variables
Understand Cauchy Reimann equation
Know about ratio and root test
Know about formation of partial differential equation
Know about Lagrange’s linear equation and Charpit’s method
Know about even and odd functions and their fourier series
Theory
Ordinary differential equations: exact and Bernoulli’s differential equations, equations reducible to
exact form by integrating factors, equations of first order and higher degree, Clairaut’s equation,
Differential equations of higher orders, methods of finding complementary functions and particular
integrals, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Legendre’s linear equations, simultaneous
linear differential equations with constant coefficients, functions of a complex variable: limit,
continuity and analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, harmonic functions. infinite series and its
convergence, periodic functions, Fourier series, Euler’s formulae, Dirichlet’s conditions, functions
having arbitrary period, even and odd functions, half range series, harmonic analysis. fourier sine and
cosine series, fourier series for function having period 2l, elimination of one and two arbitrary
function. partial differential equations: formation of partial differential equations higher order linear
partial differential equations with constant coefficients, solution of non-linear partial differential
equations, Charpit’s method, Laplace Equation.
Tutorial
Tutorials on solution of ordinary differential equations of first and higher orders. series solutions of
differential equations. Bessel’s and Legendre’s differential equations, convergence of infinite series.
fourier series, harmonic analysis, analytical functions, Cauchey-Riemann equations, harmonic
functions, solution of partial differential equations, application of partial differential equations.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1. Differential Equation Classification of D.E,nature of solutions, different kinds of
solutions, IVP and BVP, First order first degree equation-
introduction, variable separable method and its problems
2. Homogenous equation definition, special form of
homogenous equations
3. Exact equation and its method of solution
4. Integrating factor, continuations of integrating factors
5. Linear equation of first order, Bernoulli’s equation and
Riccati equation
6. Equation of first order but higher degree, Clairat equation
and Langarge’s equation
7. Linear differential equation of nth order and properties
8. Non homogenous equation with constant coefficient and its
solution
9. Operator method of solving L D E with constant
coefficient, Method for finding out particular integral of
algebraic and exponential type
10. Complex Variable Introduction to complex variables
11. Argument, modulous of a complex number, algebra of a
complex number
12. Function of a complex number
13. Limit and continuity
14. Differentiability
15. Cauchy Riemann equation
16. Sequence Series Introduction to infinite series
17. Convergence of geometric series
18. Condition for convergence series
19. Ratio test and root test
20. Comparison test
21. Partial Differential Formation of partial differential equation
22. Equation Solution of higher order linear partial differential equations
23. Solution of non linear partial differential equations
24. Charpit’s method
25. Fourier Series Fourier series
26. Euler’s formulae
27. Dirichlet’s condition
28. Function having arbitrary period
29. Even and odd function
30. Half range series
31. Fourier sine and cosine series
32. Fourier series for function having period 2L
(B)Lecture Tutorial
Lecture Details
1. Solution of ordinary differential equations of first and higher orders
2. Series solutions of differential equations
3. Bessel’s differential equation
4. Legendre’s differential equation
5. Convergence of infinite series
6. Ratio and root test
7. Comparison test
8. Fourier series
9. Harmonic analysis
10. Analytical functions
11. Dirichlet’s condition
12. Function of a complex number
13. Cauchey-Riemann equations
14. Harmonic functions
15. Solution of partial differential equations
16. Application of partial differential equations
References
1. Narayan Shanti. 2004. Differential Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Narayan Shanti. 2004. Integral Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Grewal B S. 2004. Higher Engineering Mathematics. Khanna Publishers Delhi.
4. Narayan Shanti. 2004. A Text Book of Vector. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi .
Environmental Science & Disaster Management
1. Course No : AC -124
2. Course title : Environmental science and Disaster management
3. Credit hour : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 1st year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General objective : To create awareness among the students on different
environmental issues and to protect the earth from
environmental pollution.
7. Specific objective:
(a)Theory: The students will be able to:-
1. Understand different resources such as mineral resources, food resources, water resource,
energy resources, natural resources and land resources.
2. Gather knowledge about environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Air pollution and thermal
pollution
3. Acquaint themselves with waste land reclamation, Ecosystems and their management
4. Learn regarding Biodiversity and its conservation, natural disaster and manmade disaster
along with their management
(b)Practical: The students will be able to:-
1. Know about the estimation of total solid, total dissolved solid
2. Prepare crop contingent plan under natural calamities.
3. Study common plants, insects, simple ecosystems as well as effect of pollution.
4. Document environmental assets of forest, grassland and river.
Theory
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies definition, scope and importance.
Natural resources: renewable and non-renewable resources, natural resources and associated problems.
A) Forest resources: use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining,
dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. B) Water resources: use and over-utilization of
surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. C)
Mineral resources: use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies. D) Food resources: world food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case
studies. E) Energy resources: growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources,
use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. F) Land resources: land as a resource, land degradation,
man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. • Role of an individual in conservation of
natural resources. • Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
Ecosystems: concept of an ecosystem, structure and function of an ecosystem, producers, consumers
and decomposers, energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession, food chains, food webs and
ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following
ecosystem: a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem d. Aquatic ecosystems
(ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
Biodiversity and its conservation: - introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem diversity and
biogeographical classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social,
ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, national and local levels, India as a mega-
diversity nation. Hot-sports of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife,
man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: in-situ
and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Environmental pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of: a. Air pollution b. Water
pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear
hazards. Solid waste management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes.
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Social issues and the environment: from unsustainable to sustainable development, urban problems
related to energy, water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management. Environmental
ethics: issues and possible solutions, climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion,
nuclear accidents and holocaust. Dies. Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products.
Environment protection act. Air (prevention and control of pollution) act. Water (prevention and
control of pollution) act. Wildlife protection act. Forest conservation act. Issues involved in
enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness.
Human population and the environment: population growth, variation among nations, population
explosion, family welfare programme. Environment and human health: human rights, value education,
HIV/aids. Women and child welfare. Role of information technology in environment and human
health.
Disaster Management
Natural disasters- meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought,
cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, heat and cold waves, climatic change:
global warming, sea level rise, ozone depletion.
Man-made disasters- nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal fire,
forest fire, oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water pollution, road
accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents.
Disaster management- effect to migrate natural disaster at national and global levels. International
strategy for disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management
framework; financial arrangements; role of NGOs, community –based organizations and media.
Central, state, district and local administration; armed forces in disaster response; disaster response;
police and other organizations.
Practical
Pollution case studies. Case studies- field work: visit to a local area to document environmental assets
river/ forest/ grassland/ hill/ mountain, visit to a local polluted site-urban/rural/industrial/agricultural,
study of common plants, insects, birds and study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
Collection of polluted water/ effluent sample, sampling of polluted water/ effluents, estimation of
solids, pH, EC, DO, COD, BOD, Cl -, F- , CO32-& HCO3-, Ca2+& Mg2+, K+& Na+
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
Introduction
definition, scope and importance
Use and exploitation of mineral resources, environmental
2 Mineral resources
effects of extracting mineral resources,
World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and
3 Food resources
overgrazing
Role of modern Fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case
4
agriculture studies.
Environmental Definition, cause, effects and control measures of
5
Pollution environmental pollution:
6 Air pollution Water pollution- cause, effects and control measures
Marine pollution , noise pollution-- cause, effects and
7 Soil pollution
control measures
Nuclear hazards, cause and effects of nuclear hazards and
8 Thermal pollution
their control measures
Solid Waste Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
9
Management: industrial wastes
Renewable and non-renewable resources, natural resources
10 Natural Resource
and associated problems
Water resources of Use and over utilization of surface and ground water;
11
India. floods, droughts, conflict over water.
Land resource of Causes of land degradation and its effect on mankind as
12
India. well as management of land resource.
Resource Role of an individual in conservation. Equitable use of
13
conservation resources for suitable life cycles
Over-exploitation of forest, deforestation and timber
14 Forest resource
extraction. Effects of dams on forest and tribal people
Growing energy needs, energy sources, use of alternate
15 Energy resources
energy sources. Case studies
Wasteland Consumerism and waste products; issues involved in
16
reclamation. enforcement of environmental legislation; public
awareness
Air (prevention and control of pollution) act. Water
Environment
17 (prevention and control of pollution) act. Wildlife
Protection Act.
protection act. Forest conservation act
Concept of an ecosystem, structure and function of an
18 Ecosystems
ecosystem, producers, consumers and decomposers
Energy flow in the Ecological succession, food chains, food webs and
19
ecosystem. ecological pyramids
Types of Forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem
20
ecosystem aquatic ecosystems
Ecosystem diversity and biogeographical classification of
21 Biodiversity India, value of biodiversity, biodiversity at global, national
and local levels and hot-sports of biodiversity
Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife. Endangered and
Threats to
22 endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: in-
biodiversity
situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity
Human Population Population explosion, family welfare , human health,
23 & the human rights, value education & role of information
Environment technology in environment and human health
Social Issues and From unsustainable to sustainable development, urban
24
the Environment problems related to energy
Watershed Watershed management, water conservation measures and
25
management rain water harvesting,
Environmental Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer
26
ethics depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust
Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and
27 Natural Disasters effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides,
avalanches, volcanic eruptions
Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters,
28
Man Made building fire, coal fire, forest fire, oil fire
Disasters Deforestation, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents,
29
sea accidents
Effect to migrate natural disaster at national & global
30
Disaster levels. International strategy for disaster reduction.
Management Concept of disaster management, national disaster
31
management framework; financial arrangements
Role of NGOs, different organizations. Central, state,
Organizations
32 district and local administration; Armed forces in disaster
involved
response; Police and other organizations
(B) Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
Visit to a local polluted site-urban/industrial/ rural/agricultural and
1
collection of effluent samples
Estimation of Solids, total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS),
2
total dissolved solids (TDS) in effluent sample
3 Estimation of pH& electrical conductivity (EC) in effluent sample
4 Estimation of dissolved oxygen (DO) in effluent sample
5 Estimation of COD in effluent sample
6 Estimation of CO32-& HCO3- in effluent sample
7 Estimation of Ca2+& Mg2+ in effluent sample
8 Estimation of Cl- in effluent sample
9 Pollution case studies with respect to crop production
10 Crop contingent plan under natural calamities
11 Pollution case studies with respect to forest/grassland ecosystems
12 Documentation of environmental assets of forest/ grassland/river
13 Study of common plants, insects, birds
14 Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill, slopes, etc
15 Case studies related to disaster management
16 Visit to meteorological observatory
References
1. Environment and Pollution: M.P. Singh
2. Environment Problems and Solution: D. K. Asthana and M. Asthana
3. Ecology and Environment: P.D. Sharma
4. Environment and Plant Ecology: J.R. Etherington
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
(b) Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
i. Use English appropriately and effectively for further studies or for work where
English is used as the language of communication.
ii. Enhance their personalities and equip themselves for future professional
requirements
Theory
Communication skills: structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of communication,
verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking; writing skills; oral presentation skills;
field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and
comprehension of general and technical articles; precis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual
and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking, group discussion, organizing
seminars and conferences
Practical
Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills, field diary and lab record; indexing,
footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles;
precis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations.
10 Group discussion-1
11 Group discussion-2
12 Interview- 1
13 Interview- 2
14 Presentations-1
15 Presentations-2
References
1. Raman, Meenakshi and Prakash Singh. 2000. Business Communication. Oxford University
Press.
2. Kumar, Sanjay and Pushpa Lata. 2011. Communication Skills. Oxford University Press.
3. Thomson, A.J and A.V Martinet. 1977. A Practical Englsih Grammar. Oxford University
Press.
4. Seely, John. Oxford Guide to Effective Writing and Speaking. Oxford University Press.
Theory of Structure
1. Course No. : ASCE-123
2. Course Title : Theory of Structure
3. Credit Hours : 2 (1+1)
4. Class : 1st year B.Tech(Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objective : To impart basic knowledge on RCC and steel structure design
7. Specific Objective :
a) Theory
By the end of the course the students will-
Understand the importance of structural design
Calculate loads on a structure
Design small and medium RCC and steel structures
b) Practical
By the end of the practical classes, the students will be able to
Draw the structural components of steel and RCC structures.
Draw connection details of a structure.
Theory
Types of Loads and use of BIS Codes.
Steel Design: Design of structural steel members in tension, compression and bending. A brief
introduction to connections and roof trusses.
RCC Design: Analysis and design of singly and doubly reinforced sections. Design of beams, Slabs,
Columns and Foundations.
A brief introduction to retaining walls and Silos.
Practical
Design and drawing of single reinforced beam, double reinforced beam, Design; Design and drawing
of one way, two way slabs, Design and drawing of columns and foundations. To measure the
compressive strength of concrete (fck) and tensile strength of steel (fy).
A. Theory Lecture Outlines
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Loads Loads and use of BIS codes
2 Rivet connections, specifications, use of code
3 Welded connections, specifications, use of code
4 Design of structural steel members in tension –
identification of tension members in a structure –
specifications for maximum stresses- use of code for
design
5 Design of structural steel members in compression -
identification of tension members in a structure –
specifications for maximum stresses- use of code for
Design of steel
design
6 Design of structural steel members in bending -
identification of tension members in a structure –
specifications for maximum stresses- use of code for
design
7 Design of steel roof truss – analysis of roof truss –
structural components of a roof truss- design of
compression member and tension member – use of
BIS code
8 Design of reinforced cement Analysis and design of singly reinforced sections -
concrete (RCC) under reinforced and over reinforced concrete –
significance of design – use of BIS code for RCC
9 Design of doubly reinforced sections – significance
of doubly reinforced section – use of BIS code for
the design
10 Design for shear, bond and torsion – significance –
calculation of stresses – use of BIS code
11 Design of flanged beams – significance - use of BIS
code for the design
12 Design of slabs – one way and two way slabs -
significance - use of BIS code for the design
13 Design of columns – short and slender columns - use
of BIS code for the design
14 Design of foundations – shallow and deep
foundations – design of isolated footing - use of BIS
code for the design
15 Design of retaining walls – load analysis –
reinforcement arrangement - use of BIS code for the
design
16 Design of silos – load analysis – reinforcement
arrangement
Strength of Material
1. Course No. : ASCE-124
2. Course Title : Strength of Material
3. Credit Hours : 2 (1+1)
4. Class : 1st year B.Tech (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objective : To impart basic knowledge on strength of materials
7. Specific Objective :
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students will
Understand the importance of strength parameters
Calculate deflection, bending moment and shear force to assess the stress conditions
Know the techniques to calculate unknown forces in 2D structures.
(b)Practical
By the end of the practical classes the students will be able to
Find strength of materials through experiments.
Recommend methods for determining strength of a structure
Theory
Slope and deflection of beams using integration techniques, moment area theorems and conjugate
beam method. Columns and struts. Riveted and welded connections. Stability of masonry dams.
Analysis of statically intermediate beams. Propped beams. Fixed and continuous beam analysis using
superposition, three moment equation and moment distribution methods.
Practical
To perform the tension test on metal specimen (M.S., C.I.), to observe the behaviour of materials under
load, to calculate the value of E, ultimate stress, permissible stress, percentage elongation etc. and to
study its fracture; To perform the compression test on; Concrete cylinders &cubes, C.I., M.S. & Wood
specimens and to determine various physical and mechanical properties; To perform the bending test
on the specimens; M.S. Girder, Wooden beam, Plain concrete beams & R.C.C. beam, and to determine
the various physical and mechanical properties; To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of beam
with the help of deflection produced at centre due to loads placed at centre & quarter points; To study
the behaviour of materials (G.I. pipes, M.S., C.I.) under torsion and to evaluate various elastic
constants; To study load deflection and other physical properties of closely coiled helical spring in
tension and compression; To perform the Rockwell, Vicker’s and Brinell’s Hardness tests on the given
specimens; To perform the Drop Hammer Test, Izod Test and Charpay’s impact tests on the given
specimens; To determine compressive & tensile strength of cement after making cubes and briquettes;
To measure workability of concrete (slump test, compaction factor test); To determine voids ratio &
bulk density of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates; To determine fatigue strength of a given
specimen; To write detail report emphasizing engineering importance of performing tension,
compression, bending, torsion, impact and hardness tests on the materials.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Introduction Introduction to strength of materials
2 Slope and deflection of beam using integration techniques
3 Slope and Deflection of Moment area theorems
4 beams Conjugate beam method
5 Discussions on problems of slope and deflection
6 Theory of columns and struts
Columns and Struts
7 Discussions on problems of column and struts
8 Analysis of rivet connections
9 Steel Connections Analysis of welded connections
10 Problems on connections
11 Stability of Masonry Stability analysis of masonry dam
12 dam Problems on masonry dam
13 Analysis of propped beams
14 Statically Indeterminate Analysis of fixed beams
15 beams Analysis of continuous beams using superimposition and
three moment equation
16 Moment distribution Analysis of beam using moment distribution method and
method solving problems
(B) Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 To determine the quality of check of two different aggregates through impact test.
2 To perform the tensile test of steel specimen - to observe the behaviour of materials
under load - to calculate the value of e- ultimate stress, permissible stress,
percentage elongation etc. And to study its fracture
3 To prepare mortar specimen of different cement, demoulding of the specimen next
day for compression and tension test after 2nd and 4th week
4 To prepare concrete specimen to perform the compression, bending test and to
measure elasticity - concrete cylinders, cubes and beams to test after 2 nd and 4th
week.
5 To perform compression and tension test on mortar specimen prepared 2 weeks
before.
6 To perform compression and bending test of the concrete specimen prepared 2
weeks before.
7 To perform compression and tension test on mortar specimen prepared 4 weeks
before.
8 To perform compression and bending test of the concrete specimen prepared 4
weeks before
9 To determine young’s modulus of elasticity of beam with the help of deflection
produced at centre due to loads placed at centre and quarter points
10 To perform brinell’s hardness tests on a given specimens
11 To study the behaviour of materials under torsion and to evaluate various elastic
constants
12 To study load deflection and other physical properties of closely coiled helical
spring in tension and compression
13 to To write detail report emphasizing engineering importance of performing tension,
16 compression, bending, torsion, impact and hardness tests on the materials
References
1. Khurmi R S. Strength of Materials, S.Chand &Company, New Delhi.
2. Ramamrutham S and Narayanan R. Strength of Materials, Dhanpat Rai Pub. Co. (P) Ltd, New
Delhi.
3. Vazirani V N, Ratawani M M and Duggal S K. Analysis of Structures, Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi – 6.
4. Lehri R S and Leheri R S. Strength of Materials, S.K.Kataria & Sons, New Delhi.
Practical
Introduction to various carpentry tools, materials, types of wood and their characteristics and processes
or operations in wood working; introduction to smithy tools and operations , preparation of simple
joints: cross half lap joint and t-halving joint; preparation of dovetail joint, mortise and tenon joint;
jobs on bending, shaping etc.; jobs on drawing, punching, riveting. Introduction to tools and measuring
instruments for fitting; jobs on sawing, filing and right angle fitting of MS flat; practical in more
complex fitting job; operations of drilling,, reaming, and threading with tap and dies; introduction to
tools and operations in sheet metal work; making different types of sheet metal joints using G.I Sheets.
Introduction to welding equipment, processes tools, their use and precautions; jobs on arc welding –
lap joint, butt joint; t-joint and corner joint in arc welding; gas welding practice – lab, butt and t-joints;
introduction to metal casting equipment, tools and their use; mould making using one-piece pattern and
two pieces pattern; demonstration of mould making using sweep pattern, and match plate patterns;
introduction to machine shop machines and tools; demonstration on processes in machining and use of
measuring instruments; practical jobs on simple turning, step turning; practical job on taper turning,
drilling and threading; operations on shaper and planer, changing a round MS rod into square section
on a shaper; demonstration of important operations on a milling machine, making a plot, gear tooth
forming and indexing; any additional job.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
10 Shaper tools and main operations. Work and tool holding devices.
1. Introduction about different shops in work shop. Safety precautions to be taken in the
workshop.
2. Familiarisation of smithy tools their uses and various operations performed in smithy
shop.
3. Introduction to various carpentry tools, types of wood and their characteristics and
processes or operations in wood working.
4. Familiarisation of different tools used for fitting and different fitting operations.
6. Introduction to welding equipment, tools and their use and precautions to be taken in
welding shop.
7. Introduction to machine shop machines such as lathe, shaper, milling and lathe tools.
8. Preparation of simple job in fitting: jobs on sawing, filing and right angle cutting of MS
9. flat.
29. Jobs on bending, shaping etc.; jobs on drawing, punching, riveting. Making different
types of sheet metal joints using G.I Sheets.
30. Demonstration of important operations on a milling machine, making a plot, gear tooth
31. forming and indexing.
32. Introduction to metal casting equipment, tools and their use. Mould making using one-
piece pattern and two pieces pattern.
References
1. Raghuwansi B S. 2009. A Course in Workshop Technology (Vol. I and II). Dhanpat Rai and
Sons, 1682, Nai Sarak, New Delhi.
2. Hajra Choudhury S. K., Roy Nirjhar, Hajra ChoudhuryA. K. 2010. Elements of Workshop
technology (Vol. I and II). Media Promoters and Publishers Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai.
3. Chapman W A J. 1989. Workshop Technology (Vol. I and II). Arnold Publishers (India) Pvt.
Ltd., AB/9, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi.
4. Khurmi R.S.& Gupta J.K.2008. A Text Book of Workshop Technology. S.Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Special objectives
(a)Theory:
By the end of the course the student will be able to
14 Armature reaction.
15 Commutation.
17 Dc motor characteristics.
26 Single phase Single phase induction motor: double field revolving theory.
induction motor
27 Equivalent circuit and characteristics.
Q-factor & bandwidth, line and phase quantity in star & delta
32 network
5 To perform short circuit test on a single phase transformer and hence find equivalent
circuit, voltage regulation and efficiency.
6 To study the constructional details of D.C Machine and to draw its different
components.
9 To perform the speed control of dc shunt motor using flux control method.
10 To perform the speed control of D.C shunt motor using armature voltage control
method.
13 To study star- delta starters physically and to draw its electrical connection diagram.
15 To perform no load& blocked-rotor test on 1 ph. Induction motor & to determine the
parameters of equivalent circuit drawn on the basis of double revolving field theory.
16 To perform load-test on1 ph. Induction motor & plot torque-speed characteristic
References
1. Theraja B L & Theraja AK 2005. A text book of Electrical Technology. Vol. II
S.Chand & Company LTD., New Delhi.
2. Thareja B L & Theraja AK. 2005. A text book of Electrical Technology. Vol. I S. Chand
& Company LTD., New Delhi.
3. Vincent Del Toro. 2000. Electrical Engineering Fundamentals. Prentice-Hall of India
Private LTD., New Delhi.
4. Anwani M L. 1997. Basic Electrical Engineering. Dhanpat Rai & Co. (P) LTD. New
Delhi.
Principles of Agronomy
1. Course No : AG – 121
2. Course title : Principles of Agronomy
3. Credit hour : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 1st year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General objective : To educate the students on various fundamental aspects of Agronomy.
7. Specific objective:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Learn the time and methods of application of different types of Fertilizers & Organic
Manures
Know the crop types and their seasons
Understand the effect of weather parameters on crop production
Develop knowledge on different tillage practices in the crop field
Distinguish between soil water constants and their role in crop production
Distinguish weeds and know the methods of weed control
Aware about various cropping patterns and their application
Understand the soil and climatic requirements of fruits, vegetables and flowers
Know the methods of nursery raising and planting methods of horticultural crops
Acquainted with irrigation methods, fertilizer application, harvesting and storage of fruits,
vegetables and flowers.
(b)Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will learn how to
Identify crops and weeds
Understand when to apply fertilizer in the crop field
Management different weeds
Recognize the maturity stage of the crop
Apply fertilizer and irrigation water to field crops
Theory
Introduction and scope of agronomy. Classification of crops, effect of different weather parameters on
crop growth and development. Principles of tillage, tilth and its characteristics. Crop seasons. Methods,
time and depth of sowing of major field crops. Methods and time of application of manures and
fertilizers. Organic farming-sustainable agriculture. Soil water plant relationship, crop coefficients,
water requirement of crops and critical stages for irrigation, weeds and their management in crops,
crop rotation, cropping systems, cropping scheme. Relay cropping, mixed cropping and intercropping.
Practical
Identification of crops and their varieties, seeds, manures, fertilizers, herbicides and weeds; fertilizer
application methods; different weed control methods; practice of ploughing, practice of puddling,
practice of sowing.
References
1. Principles of Agronomy by Yellamanda Reddy T and Sankara Reddy G H, Kalyani
Publishers
2. Principles and practices of Agronomy by S. S. Singh
3. Fundamentals of Agronomy by G. C. Dey
4. Principles of Agronomy by S.R.Reddy
Understand the soil and climatic requirements of fruits, vegetables and flowers
Know the methods of nursery raising and planting methods of horticultural crops
Know the different macro and micro-propagation methods adopted in different horticultural
crops
Acquainted with irrigation methods, fertilizer application, harvesting and storage of fruits,
vegetables and flowers.
Develop knowledge on orchard management
Know the principles and practices of training and pruning in horticultural crops
Know the extraction and storage of seeds from vegetables
Develop knowledge on major pests and diseases of horticultural crops and their management
(b)Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will be able to
Theory
Scope of horticultural. Soil and climatic requirements for fruits, vegetables and floriculture crops,
improved varieties, criteria for site selection, layout and planting methods, nursery raising, commercial
varieties/hybrids, sowing and planting times and methods, seed rate and seed treatment for vegetable
crops; macro and micro propagation methods, plant growing structures, pruning and training, crop
coefficients, water requirements and critical stages, fertilizer application, fertigation, irrigation
methods, harvesting, grading and packaging, post-harvest practices, garden tools, management of
orchard, extraction and storage of vegetables seeds. Major pests and diseases of horticultural crops and
their management.
Practical
Judging maturity time for harvesting of crop; study of seed viability and germination test;
identification and description of important fruits, flowers and vegetable crops; study of different
garden tools; preparation of nursery bed; practices of pruning and training in some important fruit
crops, visit to commercial greenhouse/ polyhouse; cultural operations for vegetable crops (sowing,
fertilizer application, mulching, irrigation and weed control); seed extraction techniques; identification
of important pests and diseases and their control.
Field operations in
Methods of fertilizer application, fertigation, and
11 orchards
irrigation methods for horticultural crops
7. Specific Objectives:
:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
References
1. Jennifer Niederst Robbins. Developing web design. latest edition.
2. Frain and Ben. Responsive Web Design with HTML5.
3. Nicholas c.Zakas. Java Script for Web Developers.
4. George Q. Huang, K. L Mak. Internet Applications in Product Design and Manufacturing.
ISBN:3540434658.
Engineering Mathematics-III
1. Course No : MATH - 213
2. Course title : Engineering Mathematics-III
3. Credit hour : 2 (1+1)
4. Class : 2nd year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General objective : To educate the students on applications of Mathematical
derivations for solving engineering problems
7. Specific objective:
Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Know about finite difference methods, operators and their relations
Understand Newton’s forward and backward interpolation
Distinguish between polynomial and factorial notations
Develop knowledge Beselles’s and Stirling’s central difference interpolations
Know about Lagranges interpolation formula
Know about numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule
Understand the rules for finding complimentary function and particular integral
Apply Taylor’s series, Euler’s and modified Euler’s method
Know about properties of Laplace transform, inverse of Laplace transform and their
applications
Application of Laplace’s transform to solve differential and simultaneous differential
equations
Understand convolution theorem
Theory
Numerical analysis and Laplace transformation: finite difference, various difference operators and
their relationships. factorial notation, interpolation with equal integrals. Newton’s forward and
backward interpolation formula. Bessel's and Stirling’s difference interpolation formulae. Interpolation
with unequal intervals. Newton's divided difference formula. Lagrange’s interpolation formula.
numerical differentiations, numerical integrations, difference equations and their solutions, numerical
solutions of ordinary differential equations by Picard’s Taylor’s series. Fuller’s and modified Fuller’s
methods. Runga-Kutta method; Laplace transformation and its applications to the solutions of ordinary
and simultaneous differential equations.
Tutorial
Interpolation, Numerical differentiation and integration solutions of difference equations, numerical
solution of ordinary differential equations of first order and first degree, Laplace and inverse Laplace
transformations and their application to solution of ordinary and simultaneous differential equations.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1. Finite Difference Finite difference, various difference operaters
3. Factorial notation
References
1. Narayan Shanti. 2004. Differential Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Narayan Shanti. 2004. Integral Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Grewal B S. 2004. Higher Engineering Mathematics. Khanna Publishers Delhi.
4. Narayan Shanti. 2004. A Text Book of Vector. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
Soil Mechanics
1. Course No. : ASCE-215
2. Course Title : Soil Mechanics
3. Credit Hours : 2 (1+1)
4. Class : 2nd year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General Objective : To make the student familiar with different engineering properties of
the soil, particle size, textural classification, stress conditions, compaction, consolidation, earth
pressure and stability of slopes.
7. Specific Objectives
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know different engineering properties like moisture content, density, void ratio,
porosity, grain size analysis etc.
Know about different soil consistencies like Liquid limit, Plastic limit, and Shrinkage
limit.
Know about different stress conditions like shear stress, direct stress and stress due to
different loading conditions
Know about consolidation and compaction properties of soil
Learn about different active and passive earth pressure on retaining walls
Know about different stability conditions of slopes
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Collect undisturbed soil samples from the fields and find out moisture content
Calculation of void ratio, porosity, dry density, bulk density, specific gravity
Find out grain size distribution curve
Find out liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit etc.
Find out OMC value of compacted soil
Conduct sieve analysis
Shear tests
Consolidation tests etc.
Theory
Introduction of soil mechanics, field of soil mechanics, phase diagram, physical and index properties
of soil, classification of soils, effective and neutral stress, elementary concept of Boussinesq and
wester guards analysis, new mark influence chart. Shear strength, Mohr stress circle, theoretical
relationship between principle stress circle, theoretical relationship between principal stress, Mohr
coulomb failure theory, effective stress principle. Determination of shear parameters by direct shear
test, triangle test & vane shear test. Numerical exercise based on various types of tests. Compaction,
composition of soils standard and modified protector test, abbot compaction and Jodhpur mini
compaction test field compaction method and control. Consolidation of soil: Consolidation of soils,
one dimensional consolidation spring analogy, Terzaghi’s theory, Laboratory consolidation test,
calculation of void ratio and coefficient of volume change, Taylor’s and Casagrande’s method,
determination of coefficient of consolidation. Earth pressure: plastic equilibrium in soils, active and
passive states, Rankine’s theory of earth pressure, active and passive earth pressure for cohesive soils,
simple numerical exercises. Stability of slopes: introduction to stability analysis of infinite and finite
slopes friction circle method, Taylor’s stability number.
Practical
Determination of water content of soil; determination of specific gravity of soil; determination of field
density of soil by core cutter method; determination of field density by sand replacement method; grain
size analysis by sieving (dry sieve analysis); grain size analysis by hydrometer method; determination
of liquid limit by Casagrande’s method; determination of liquid limit by cone penetrometer and plastic
limit; determination of shrinkage limit; determination of permeability by constant head method;
determination of permeability by variable head method; determination of compaction properties by
standard proctor test; determination of shear parameters by direct shear test; determination of
unconfined compressive strength of soil; determination of shear parameters by tri-axial test;
determination of consolidation properties of soils.
References
1. Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K. Soil Mechanics and Foundations, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd. New
Delhi
2. Ranjan Gopal and Rao A S R. Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics, Welly Eastern Ltd.
3. Singh, Alam. Soil Engineering, Vol.1. CBS Publishers and Distributers, Delhi
Handle various equipments/machines used to study the behaviour of fluids at rest as well as
in motion
Design and use simple fluid systems used in engineering
Theory
Properties of fluids: ideal and real fluid. Pressure and its measurement, pascal’s law, pressure forces on
plane and curved surfaces, centre of pressure, buoyancy, meta centre and meta centric height, condition
of floatation and stability of submerged and floating bodies; kinematics of fluid flow: Lagrangian and
eulerian description of fluid motion, continuity equation, path lines, streak lines and stream lines,
stream function, velocity potential and flow net. Types of fluid flow, translation, rotation, circulation
and vorticity, vortex motion; dynamics of fluid flow, Bernoulli’s theorem, venturimeter, orifice meter
and nozzle, siphon; laminar flow: stress strain relationships, flow between infinite parallel plates both
plates fixed, one plate moving, discharge, average velocity; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes,
general equation for head loss Darcy, equation, Moody’s diagram, minor and major hydraulic losses
through pipes and fittings, flow through network of pipes, hydraulic gradient and energy gradient; flow
through orifices (measurement of discharge, measurement of time),flow through mouthpieces, flow
over notches , flow over weirs, Chezy’s formula for loss of head in pipes, flow through simple and
compound pipes, open channel design and hydraulics: Chezy’s formula, Bazin’s formula, kutter’s
manning’s formula, velocity and pressure profiles in open channels, hydraulic jump; dimensional
analysis and similitude: Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s `pi’ theorem, types of similarities,
dimensional analysis, dimensionless numbers. Introduction to fluid machinery.
Practical
Study of manometers and pressure gauges; verification of Bernoulli’s theorem; determination of
coefficient of discharge of venturi-meter and orifice meter; determination of coefficient of friction in
pipeline; determination of coefficient of discharge for rectangular and triangular notch; determination
of coefficient of discharge, coefficient of velocity and coefficient of contraction for flow through
orifice; determination of coefficient of discharge for mouth piece; measurement of force exerted by
water jets on flat and hemispherical vanes; determination of meta-centric height; determination of
efficiency of hydraulic ram; performance evaluation of pelton and francis turbine; study of current
meter; velocity distribution in open channels and determination of Manning’s coefficient of Rugosity.
References
1. Bansal, R.K. A Text book of Fluid Mechanics, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi.
2. Ramanuthan, S. Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines, Dhanpat rai & Sons,
Delhi.
3. Khurmi, R.S. Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics, S.Chand & Co.Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Modi, P.N. and Seth, S.M. Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book House, Delhi
5. Paul, J. C. and Panigrahi, B. Practical Manual in Fluid Mechanics, CAET, OUAT,
Bhubaneswar
Theory of Machines
1. Course No. : ME-214
2. Course Title : Theory of Machines
3. Credit Hours : 2(2+0)
4. Class : 2nd year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General Objective : To impart knowledge to the students on mechanism behind the
machines
7. Specific Objectives:
(a)Theory:
By the end of the course the student will be able to
i. Understand the importance of theory behind the machine &structure.
ii. Analyse the relative motion between the various parts of machine, and forces which act on
them.
iii. The knowledge of this subject is very essential for an engineer in designing the various parts of
the machine.
iv. Recommend methods for balancing a component.
Theory
Elements, links, pairs, kinematics chain, and mechanisms. Classification of pairs and mechanisms.
Lower and higher pairs. Four bar chain, slider crank chain and their inversions. Determination of
velocity and acceleration using graphical (relative velocity and acceleration) method. Instantaneous
centers. Types of gears. Law of gearing, velocity of sliding between two teeth in mesh. Involute and
cycloidal profile for gear teeth. Spur gear, nomenclature, Introduction to helical, spiral, bevel and
worm gear. Simple, compound, reverted, and epicyclic trains. Determining velocity ratio by tabular
method. Turning moment diagrams, coefficient of fluctuation of speed and energy, weight of flywheel,
flywheel applications. Belt drives, types of drives, belt materials. Length of belt, power transmitted,
velocity ratio, belt size for flat and V belts. Effect of centrifugal tension, creep and slip on power
transmission, Chain drives. Classification of chain drive, terms Used in Chain Drive. Types of friction,
laws of dry friction. Friction of pivots and collars. Single disc, multiple disc, and cone clutches,
Rolling friction, Types of governors. Constructional details and analysis of Watt, Porter, Proell
governors. Effect of friction, controlling force curves. Sensitiveness, stability, hunting, iso-chronism,
power and effort of a governor. Static and dynamic balancing. Balancing of rotating masses in one and
different planes.
A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1. Kinematics Introduction, kinematic link or element, types of link.
13. Law of gearing, simple, compound, reverted, and epi-cyclic gear trains.
15. Velocity of sliding between two teeth in mesh. Involute and cycloidal
profile for gear teeth.
16. Spur gear, nomenclature, interference and undercutting. Introduction to
helical, spiral, bevel and worm gear.
18. Fly wheel Co-efficient of fluctuation of speed and energy, weight of flywheel,
flywheel applications.
19. Types of belt drives, belt materials. Selection of belt, Length of open
and cross belt.
Belt drives
20. Power transmitted, velocity ratio, belt size for flat and V belts.
22. Chain Drive Introduction to chain drives. Classification of chain drive, terms used in
chain drive.
23. Types of friction, laws of dry friction. Friction of pivots and collars.
Friction
24. Single disc, multiple disc, and cone clutches.
26. Governor Constructional details and analysis of Watt, Porter, Proell governors.
References
1. Khurmi R.S. and Gupta J.K.2010. A Text Book of Theory of Machines. Euresia Publishing
House(Pvt) Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Bansal R.K.2009. A Text Book of Theory of Machines. Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Ballaney P.L. 2006. A Text Book of Theory of Machines. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Ratan S.S. 2010. A Text Book of Theory of Machines. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
20. Vapour absorption Dry and wet compression, super cooling and sub
cycles. cooling.
21. Vapour absorption refrigeration system.
Class Practical
10. Study cold storage for fruit and vegetables, Freezing load and time calculations
for food materials.
Text Books:
1. Arora, C.P., 2003. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Tata-McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Khurmi R S. 2006. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. S Chand and Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar,
New Delhi.
6 Voltage multiplier
7 Capacitive filter.
11 Classification of amplifier
13 Biasing of transistor.
25 SOP rule.
26 K-amp.
1 To get familiar with different instrument or component like diode, resistor, capacitor
,zener diode ,transistor and opamps etc.
References
1. Mehta V. K. 2001.Principles of Electronics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
2. Shaney A. K. 1997.Measurement of Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation. Khanna
Publications
3. Chowdary Roy. 2008. Integrated Electronics. John Wiley International.
4. Kumar Anand. 2003. Digital Electronics. PHI. Publications.
5. Gupta Sanjeev, Gupta Santosh. 2014. Electronic Devices and Circuits. Dhanpat Rai
Publications.
Lecture Details
1 Concepts, and evolution of entrepreneur
2 Characteristics entrepreneur
3 Charming and penalties of becoming an entrepreneur
4 Entrepreneurship-its significance in economic development &
qualities of entrepreneur
5 Entrepreneurship development programmes
6 Entrepreneurship development programmes
7 SWOT Analysis
8 Achievement motivation
9 Entrepreneurial behaviour
10 Government policy and plan for entrepreneurship development
11 Government policy and plan for entrepreneurship development
12 Government policy and plan for entrepreneurship development
13 Developing managerial skill
14 Developing managerial skill
15 Problem solving skill
16 Problem solving skill
17 Supply chain management
18 Supply chain management
19 Total quality management
20 Total quality management
21 Project planning
22 Project planning
23 Developing an effective business plan
24 Developing an effective business plan
25 Procedural steps in setting up of an Industry
26 Procedural steps in setting up of an Industry
27 Business game
28 Business plan presentation by students
29 Business plan presentation by students
30 a)Meaning of leader and leadership, meaning of leadership skill,
scope and importance of leadership skill, Need for leadership for
entrepreneurship
31 b)Types of leaders, Leadership characters with examples,
32 c)Styles of leadership , leader-group relation for practical
application
33 a)Meaning and definition of communication, meaning of
communication skills and types of communication skills, need for
communication in entrepreneurship
34 b)Process and model of communication with examples
35 c)Elements of communication-Encoding and Decoding meaning and
ways
36 a)Entrepreneurship and communication, Barriers in encoding and
decoding process, feedback, fidelity, noise, Entrepreneur as a good
communicator
37 b)Ways for effective communication skill-factors and precautions
38 a)Speaking skill-meaning and definition, Parts of a public speech
39 b)Factors for good oral presentation with examples
40 c)How to do a good public speaking- Components , advantages and
limitations
41 a)Meaning of listening skill , examples, types of listening skill
42 b)Barriers in good listening, factors for consideration for practicing
good listening skill
43 a)Meaning of organizational skill, types of organizational skill with
examples
44 b)Factors for development of good organizational skill, barriers for
organizational skill
References
1. Mohanty,S.K., Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd,NewDelhi,2005
2. Ray,G.L,-Extension Communication and Management, Kalyani Publishers,New Delhi
Mohan K and Banerjee,M-Developing Communication Skills, Mac Millan Publishing House,
NewDelhi
Agricultural Statistics
Lesson Plan
THEORY
Lecture Topics
No.
1 Introduction to Statistics: Definition, advantages and limitations; data - types of
data, quantitative and qualitative; variable - discrete and continuous.
2 Frequency distribution table: construction of frequency distribution table (inclusive
and exclusive) – number of classes, length of class, tally marks, frequency, class
midpoint, cumulative frequencies, Frequency Curves, Graphs and Charts.
3 Measures of Central Tendency: definition, characteristics of ideal average,
different measures; Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric mean and
Harmonic mean for grouped & ungrouped data, merits and demerits.
4 Measures of Dispersion: definition, different measures (absolute & relative); range,
quartile deviation, mean deviation Standard Deviation (SD), Variance and
Coefficient of Variation.
5 Probability: Definition and Concept of Probability, Random Variable: Concept
random variable and Expectation.
6 Simple linear Correlation: Concept, Definition, types and its properties.
7 Simple linear Regression: Concept, Definition and its properties.
8 Normal Distribution: definition, density function, curve, Properties Standard
Normal Distribution (SND): Properties including area under the curve (without
Proof).
9 Binomial Distribution: definition, density function and properties.
10 Poisson distribution: definition, density function and Properties.
11 Introduction to Sampling: definition of statistical population, sample, random
sampling, parameter, statistic, sampling distribution, concept of Standard Error of
mean.
12 Testing of hypothesis – Hypothesis, null hypothesis, types of hypothesis, level of
significance, degrees of freedom: statistical errors; Large Sample test (Z-test).
13 Small Sample t-test (one sample, two samples and paired tests.
14 F-test for testing of significance of variances.
15 Chi-square test: Goodness of fit &testing of independence of attributes
(2x2 Contingency table).
16 Revision and Doubt clear.
Practical:
PRACTICAL
Lecture Topics
No.
1 Construction of Frequency Distribution Tables and Frequency Curves.
2 Computation of Arithmetic Mean, Median and Mode for un-grouped and grouped
data.
3 Computation of Harmonic and Geometric Mean.
4 Computation of S.D., Variance and Coefficient of Variation for un-grouped and
grouped data.
5 Computation of skewness, kurtosis.
6 Standard Normal distributution test for single sample mean (population SD known
& unknown); Standard normal distribution test for two samples means (population
SD known & unknown).
Suggested Reading:
1. Chandel SRS. A Hand book of Agricultural Statistics. AchalPraskasamMasndir, Kanpur
2. Agrawal B L. Basic Statistics. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Age International Ltd.
3. Nageswara Rao G. Statistics for Agricultural Sciences. BS Publications.
4. Rangaswamy R. A Text Book of Agricultural Statistics. New Age Int. publications Ltd.
5. Gupta S.C. & Kapoor V. K Fundamental Applied Statistics. Sultan Chand & Sons.
6. Gupta S.C. & Kapoor V. K. Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics. Sultan Chand & Sons.
Building Construction and Cost Estimation
1. Course no. : ASCE-226
2. Course title :Building Construction and Cost Estimation
3. Credit hours :2(2+0)
4. Class :2nd year B-tech(Agril. Engg)
5. Semister : 2nd Semester
6. General objective :To make students familiar with different building materials, construction
methods, estimation of farm buildings and related structures
7. Specific Objectives:
Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Understand the importance of various building materials for construction work
Know about various components of a building with items of work
Know about methods of construction of agricultural buildings, sloped and flat roofed
buildings
Know about preparation of various types of estimates of buildings
To take measurements, find depreciation, cost-in-use, benefit-to-cost, net benefits,
payback period etc
Theory
Building materials: rocks, stones, bricks properties and varieties of tiles, lime, cement,
concrete, sand. Glass, rubber, plastics, iron, steel, aluminium, copper, nickel. Timber.
Building components: lintels, arches, stair cases, different types of floors, finishing:
damp proofing and water proofing, plastering, pointing, white washing and
distempering – painting, building design, design procedures, technology, building
construction, types of agricultural buildings and related needs, application of design
theory and practice to the conservation, sloped and flat roof buildings, construction
economics: preliminary estimates, detailed estimates of buildings source of cost
information, use of cost analyses for controlling design, factors affecting building costs;
cost evaluation of design and planning alternatives for building and estate development,
measurement and pricing, economic methods for evaluating investments in buildings
and building systems: cost-in-use, benefit-to-costs and savings-to-investment ratios, rate
of return, net benefits, payback
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
References
1. Rao. P.N. 2002. CAD/CAM Principles and Applications. McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Sareen Kuldeep and Chandan Deep Grewal. 2010. CAD/CAM Theory and Practice. S.Chand &
Company Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Zeid Ibrahim. 2011. Mastering CAD/CAM with Engineering. McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
4. Lee Kunwoo. 1999. Principles of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Machine Design
1. Course No. : ME-227
2. Course : Machine Design
3. Credit Hours : 2(2+0)
4. Class :2nd year B-Tech (Agril. Engg)
5. Semester :2nd semester
6. General objective : To study the creation of new and better machines and improving the
existing ones considering economy in the overall cost of production & operation.
7. Specific objectives :
Theory
By the end of the course the student will be able to
ii. To modify the existing design into new idea by adopting a new material or different method
of manufacturing.
Theory
Meaning of design, phases of design, design considerations. Common engineering materials and their
mechanical properties. Types of loads and stresses, theories of failure, factor of safety, selection of
allowable stress. Stress concentration. Elementary fatigue and creep aspects. Cotter joints, design of
socket and spigot cotter joint, knuckle joint, design of welded subjected to static loads. Design of
threaded fasteners subjected to direct static loads, bolted joints loaded in shear and bolted joints
subjected to eccentric loading. Design of shafts under torsion and combined bending and torsion.
Design of keys. Design of muff, sleeve, and rigid flange couplings. Design of helical and leaf springs.
Design of flat belt and v-belt drives and pulleys, design of gears, selection of anti-friction bearings.
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lesson Chapter Details
8. Theories of failure.
References
1. Khurmi R S and Gupta J K. 2014. A Text Book of Machine Design. S. Chand & Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Jain R K. 2013. Machine Design. Khanna Publishers, 2-B Nath Market, Nai Sarak, New Delhi.
3. Sharma P.C.and Agarwal D.K. 2010.Machine Design. S. K. Kataria & Sons, New Delhi-
110002.
4. Bhandari V.B. 2007. Introduction to Machine Design. Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing House,
New Delhi.
Farm Machinery and Equipment - I
1. Course No. : FMPE-221
2. Course title : Farm Machinery and Equipment – I
3. Credit hour : 3 (2+1)
4. Class :2nd year B-tech (Agril. Engg)
5. Semister :2nd Semester
6. General objective :To educate the students on various agricultural machines starting from
tillage to seeding and planting.
7. Special Objectives:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Know about the farm machineries used in agricultural production
Know about construction, operation of different machines
Know about the operating parameters and performance of the machines
Know about the cost of operations and economics of the machines
To solve numerical on different chapters
(b)Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will learn to
Study the different components of the machines, their constructions
Materials of construction
Adjustments of different components to enhance performance
Theory
Introduction to farm mechanization. Classification of farm machines. Unit operations in crop
production. Identification and selection of machines for various operations on the farm. Hitching
systems and controls of farm machinery. Calculation of field capacities and field efficiency.
Calculations for economics of machinery usage, comparison of ownership with hiring of machines.
Introduction to seed-bed preparation and its classification. Familiarization with land reclamation and
earth moving equipment. Introduction to machines used for primary tillage, secondary tillage, rotary
tillage, deep tillage and minimum tillage. Measurement of draft of tillage tools and calculations for
power requirement for the tillage machines. Introduction to tillage machines like mould-board plough,
disc plough, chisel plough, sub-soiler, harrows, puddler, cultivators, identification of major functional
components. Attachments with tillage machinery. Introduction to sowing, planting & transplanting
equipment. Introduction to seed drills, no-till drills, and strip-till drills. Introduction to planters, bed-
planters and other planting equipment like sugarcane, potato. Study of types of furrow openers and
metering systems in drills and planters. Calibration of seed-drills/ planters. Adjustments during
operation. Introduction to materials used in construction of farm machines. Heat treatment processes
and their requirement in farm machines. Properties of materials used for critical and functional
components of agricultural machines. Introduction to steels and alloys for agricultural application.
Identification of heat treatment processes specially for the agricultural machinery components.
Practical
Familiarization with different farm implements and tools. Study of hitching systems, problems on
machinery management. Study of primary and secondary tillage machinery – construction, operation,
adjustments and calculations of power and draft requirements. Study of sowing and planting equipment
– construction, types, calculation for calibration and adjustments. Study of transplanters – paddy,
vegetable, etc. Identification of materials of construction in agricultural machinery and study of
material properties.
Reference
1. Principles of Farm Machinery by R.A. Kepner, Roy Bainer, and E. L. Berger
2. Farm Machinery and Equipment by H. P. Smith
3. Farm Machinery and equipment by C. P. Nakra
4. Engineering principles of Agril. Machines by Dr. Ajit K. Srivastav, Caroll E. Goering and Roger P.
Rohrbach.
5. Farm Machinery – an Approach by S. C Jain & Grace Phillips
6. Agril. Engineering through worked out examples by Dr. R. Lal and Dr. A.C. Dutta
7. Farm Power and Machinery Engineering by Dr.R. Suresh and Sanjay Kumar
8. A work book on practical farm machinery (Voil. I, II) by Dr T. K . Bhattacharya
9. A Practical manual on Farm Machinery by Dr. B. K. Behera & Dr. S. Swain
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Class Practical
1. To determine the size of grains, fruits and vegetables using measuring instruments.
4. To determine the bulk and particle volume, bulk and particle density and porosity of
grains.
6. To determine the volume, density and specific gravity of large individual objects (F &V).
11. To find out the co-efficient of friction of different grains with different surface ;
References
1. Singhal OP and Samuel DVK. 2003. Engineering Properties of Biological Materials. Saroj
Prakasan.NewDelhi
2. Mohesin, N.N. 1980. Physical Properties of Plants & Animals. Gordon & Breach Science
Publishers, New York.
3. Rao, M.A. and Rizvi,S.H., 1995. Engineering Properties of Foods. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.
4. Stroshine, R. 1998. Physical Properties of Agricultural Materials and Food Products. Course
Manual. Purdue University. USA.
5. Serpil S and Servet G S.2005. Physical Properties of Foods. (Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,
Watershed Hydrology
1. Course No. : SWCE-221
2. Course Title : Watershed Hydrology
3. Credit Hours : 2 (1+1)
4. Class : 2nd year B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objective : To impart knowledge on principles of watershed hydrology to the students.
7. Specific Objectives:
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
Understand the relevance of various components of hydrologic cycle, which are
responsible for spatial and temporal distribution of water availability in any region.
Quantify different hydrological processes, know their methods of analysis for application
in hydrological studies.
Apply ideas and techniques in related areas of watershed development, water harvesting,
minor irrigation, drought and flood control etc.
(b) Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will be able to
Measure and estimate different parameters of hydrological processes.
Enhance their capabilities of comprehension, analysis and application of the watershed
hydrology subject in practical field.
Theory
Hydrologic cycle, precipitation and its forms, rainfall measurement and estimation of mean rainfall,
frequency analysis of point rainfall. Mass curve, hyetograph, depth-area-duration curves and intensity-
duration-frequency relationship. Hydrologic processes-interception, infiltration -factors influencing,
measurement and indices. Evaporation - estimation and measurement. Runoff - factors affecting,
measurement, stage - discharge rating curve, estimation of peak runoff rate and volume, rational
method, Cook’s method and SCS curve number method. Geomorphology of watersheds – linear, aerial
and relief aspects of watersheds- stream order, drainage density and stream frequency. Hydrograph -
components, base flow separation, unit hydrograph theory, s-curve, synthetic hydrograph, applications
and limitations. Flood routing – channel and reservoir routing. Drought – classification, causes and
impacts, drought management strategy.
Practical
Visit to meteorological observatory and study of different instruments. Design of rain gauge network.
Exercise on intensity - frequency - duration curves. Exercise on depth - area - duration. Analysis of
rainfall data and estimation of mean rainfall by different methods. Exercise on frequency analysis of
hydrologic data and estimation of missing data, test for consistency of rainfall records. Exercise on
computation of infiltration indices. Computation of peak runoff and runoff volume by cook’s method
and rational formula. Computation of runoff volume by SCS curve number method. Study of stream
gauging instruments - current meter and stage level recorder. Exercise on geomorphic parameters of
watersheds. Exercise on runoff hydrograph. Exercise on unit hydrograph. Exercise on synthetic
hydrograph. Exercise on flood routing.
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
Introduction to Introduction, hydrologic cycle, world water inventory,
1
watershed hydrology sources of data procurement for hydrologic analysis
Precipitation and its forms, weather systems,
characteristics of precipitation in India, rainfall
2
measurement by different rain gauges, rain gauge
installation rules
Estimation of mean rainfall by arithmetic mean, Thiessen
3 polygon and Iso-hyetal methods, frequency analysis of
point rainfall, plotting position by Weibull’s technique
Mass curve, hyetograph, depth-area-duration curves and
4
intensity-duration-frequency relationship of rainfall
Interception- factors affecting interception, measurement
of interception, infiltration -factors influencing infiltration,
5
Hydrologic measurement of infiltration by single and double ring
processes and their infiltration tests and infiltration indices
measurement Evaporation - factors affecting evaporation, measurement
of evaporation by USWB Class A pan and ISI standard
6
pan evaporimeters, pan coefficient, estimation of
evaporation
Runoff - Factors affecting runoff, measurement of runoff-
7 measurement of stage and velocity, current meter and it’s
calibration, area velocity method
Slope area method of runoff measurement, runoff
8 measurement using hydraulic structures, stage - discharge
rating curve
Estimation of peak runoff rate and volume by Rational
9
method, Cook’s method and SCS curve number method
Geomorphology of watersheds – Linear, aerial and relief
Geomorphology of
10 aspects of watersheds- stream order, drainage density and
watersheds
stream frequency
Hydrograph - Components, base flow separation
11
Hydrograph techniques, effective rainfall
12 Unit hydrograph theory, derivation of unit hydrograph,
unit hydrographs of different durations by method of
superposition, applications and limitations of unit
hydrograph
S-curve, synthetic hydrograph, Snyder’s method of
13
synthetic unit hydrograph derivation
Definition of flood routing, reservoir routing, basic
equations in flood routing, hydrologic storage routing,
14
Flood routing graphical methods of reservoir flood routing- Modified
Pul’s method, Goodrich method
15 Channel routing, Muskingum method of channel routing
Drought and its classification- meteorological drought
16 Drought hydrological drought, agricultural drought, causes and
impacts, drought management strategy
(B) Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 Visit to meteorological observatory and study of different instruments
2 Design of rain gauge network
3 Exercise on intensity - frequency - duration curves of rainfall
4 Exercise on depth - area – duration of rainfall
5 Analysis of rainfall data and estimation of mean rainfall by different methods
6 Exercise on frequency analysis of hydrologic data
7 Estimation of missing rainfall data and test for consistency of rainfall records
8 Exercise on computation of infiltration indices
Computation of peak runoff and runoff volume by Cook’s method and rational
9
formula
10 Computation of runoff volume by SCS curve number method
11 Study of stream gauging instruments - current meter and stage level recorder
12 Exercise on geomorphic parameters of watersheds
13 Exercise on runoff hydrograph
14 Exercise on unit hydrograph
15 Exercise on synthetic hydrograph
16 Exercise on flood routing
References
1. Chow, V.T., D.R. Maidment and L.W. Mays. 2010. Applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill
Publishing Co., New York.
2. Jaya Rami Reddy, P. 2011. A Text Book of Hydrology. University Science Press, New Delhi.
3. Linsley, R.K., M.A. Kohler, and J.L.H. Paulhus. 1984. Hydrology for Engineers. McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co., Japan.
4. Panigrahi, B. and Panigrahi, K. 2016. Engineering Hydrology. New India Publishing Agency,
New Delhi
5. Mutreja, K.N. 1990. Applied Hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
6. Raghunath, H.M. 2006. Hydrology: Principles Analysis and Design. Revised 2nd Edition,
New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.
7. Subramanya, K. 2008. Engineering Hydrology. 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.,
New Delhi.
8. Suresh, R. 2005. Watershed Hydrology. Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
9. Varshney, R.S. 1986. Engineering Hydrology. Nem Chand and Brothers, Roorkee, U.P.
10. Garg, S.K.1998. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering. Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
11. Das, G.2000. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Irrigation Engineering
1. Course No :IDE-222
2. Course title : Irrigation Engineering
3. Credit hours :3(2+1)
4. Class :2nd year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester :2nd Semester
6. General Objective : To acquaint the students with different methods of
irrigation, design of irrigation channels and crop water
requirements
7. Specific objective
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able
Know the different methods to measure the soil moisture content in the field.
Know various procedures to measure discharge of water flowing in the irrigation channel.
Understand the different methodologies to compute the water requirement of crops.
Knowhow to design the underground water conveyance system and irrigation channels
Know the different lining materials used to reduce the seepage loss in channels
Be acquainted with accurate irrigation scheduling with proper methods of irrigation for
different crops.
(b) By the end of practical sessions, the students will be able to
References
1. Michael A.M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing House New Delhi
2. Majumdar D. K. 2013. Irrigation Water Management Principles. PHI learning Private
Limited New Delhi 2nd Edition
3. Panigrahi, B.. 2013. A Handbook on Irrigation and Drainage. New India Publishing
Agency, New Delhi
4. Allen R. G., L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, M. Smith. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration guidelines
for computing crop wwater requirement. Irrigation and drainage paper 56, FAO of United
Nations, Rome
5. Murthy VVN. 2013. Land and water Management Engineering. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
6. Israelsen O W. and Hansen V. E and Stringham G. E. 1980. IArrigation Principles and
Practices, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA.
6) General objective : 1.To enable the students to know different forms of energy used in the
farm.
2.To enable the students to understand the working principle of
different kinds of engines and their systems.
7) Special Objectives:
(a) Theory
By the end of the course the students will be able to
(i) Understand the theory of engines, their types and usefulness
(ii) Understand the working principle of different systems of internal combustion engines and
tractor.
(b) Practical
By the end of the course the students will be able to
(i) Identify different systems of internal combustion engines.
(ii) To study the working principle, maintenance and adjustment of different engine systems
Theory
Study of sources of farm power – conventional & non-conventional energy sources. Classification of
tractors and IC engines. Review of thermodynamic principles of IC (CI & SI) engines and deviation
from ideal cycle. General energy equation and heat balance sheet. Derivation of thermal efficiency of
Otto cycle, Diesel cycle and Dual cycle. Study of mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies.
Study of engine components their construction, operating principles and functions. Study of engine
strokes and comparison of 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycles and CI and SI engines. Study of engine
valve systems, valve mechanism, Valve timing diagram, and valve clearance adjustment Study of Cam
profile, valve lift and valve opening area. Study of importance of air cleaning system. Study of types of
air cleaners and performance characteristics of various air cleaners. Study of fuel supply system. Types
of fuels, properties of fuels, calculation of air-fuel ratio. Study of tests on fuel for SI and CI engines.
Study of detonation and knocking in IC engines. Study of carburetion system, carburetors and their
main functional components. Study of fuel injection system – Injection pump, their types, working
principles. Fuel injector nozzles – their types and working principle. Engine governing – need of
governors, governor types and governor characteristics. Study of lubrication system – need, types,
functional components. Study of lubricants – physical properties, additives and their application.
Engine cooling system – need, cooling methods and main functional components. Study of need and
type of thermostat valves. Additives in the coolant. Study of radiator efficiency. Study of ignition
system of SI engines. Study of electrical system including battery, starting motor, battery charging,
cut-out, etc. Comparison of dynamo and alternator. Familiarization with the basics of engine testing
Practical
Introduction to different systems of CI engines; Engine parts and functions, working principles etc.
Valve system – study, construction and adjustments; Oil & Fuel – determination of physical properties;
Air cleaning system; Fuel supply system of SI engine; Diesel injection system & timing; Cooling
system, and fan performance, thermostat and radiator performance evaluation; Part load efficiencies &
governing; Lubricating system & adjustments; Starting and electrical system; Ignition system; Tractor
engine heat balance and engine performance curves; Visit to engine manufacturer/ assembler/ spare
parts agency.
(A)Theory Lecture Outlines
Lecture Chapter Details
01 Study of sources of farm power Conventional & non-conventional energy
sources.
02 Merits and demerits of different sources based
on use
03 Classification of tractors and IC Classification of tractors based on different
engines use and Design.
04 Classification of I C Engine based on working
principle, fuel used and different design
criteria.
05-07 Review of thermodynamic Derivation of thermal efficiency of Otto
principles of IC (CI & SI) Cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle.
engines and deviation from ideal
cycle.
06 Problems based on thermodynamics.
References
1. Liljedahl J B, Turnquist P K , Smith, D W and Hoki M. “Tractors and Their Power Units.
2. Rodichev V and G Rodicheva. “Tractors and Automobiles.”
3. Mathur ML and RP Sharma. “A course in Internal Combustion Engines.”
4. Singh Kirpal. “Automobile Engineering – Vol II”.
5. Heitner Joseph. “Automotive Mechanics: Principles and Practices.”
6. Goering C E, Hansen A. C. “Engine and Tractor Power.”
Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources
1. Course No : REE-221
2. Course Title : Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources
3. Credit hours : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 2nd year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objectives: To impact knowledge on different types of renewable energy sources for
environment benefits, mitigate Global warming/Climate change and Energy Security systems
and their applications. The Students will also have gained an appreciation of the benefits and
drawbacks of these systems.
7. Specific Objectives:
(a)Theory: By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
i) To harness the environment friendly RE sources and to enhance their contribution to the
socio-economic development.
ii) To meet and supplement rural energy needs through sustainable RE projects.
iii) To provide decentralized energy supply to agriculture, industry, commercial and
household sector.
iv)On successful completion of the teaching program, the students should be able to
evaluate, and select appropriate energy technologies to meet a given energy
demand.
(b)Practical:
In the practical sessions the students study
Study the use of different renewable energy gadgets like solar cooker, solar dryer, solar hot water
system, biogas system, off grid and on grid solar PV systems, solar desalination unit, solar greenhouse,
biogas plants, biomass gasifiers, improved biomass cook-stoves etc.
Theory
Concept and limitation of renewable energy sources (RES), criteria for assessing the potential of res,
classification of RES: solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean energy sources, comparison of
renewable energy sources with non-renewable sources. Solar energy: energy available from sun, solar
radiation data, solar energy conversion into heat through flat plate and concentrating collectors,
different solar thermal devices, principle of natural and forced convection solar drying system, solar
photo voltaics: basics and applications, p-n junctions. Solar cells, PV systems, stand alone, grid
connected solar power station, calculation of energy through photovoltaic power generation and cost
economics. Wind energy: energy available from wind, general formula, lift and drag. Basics of wind
energy conversion, effect of density, frequency variances, angle of attack, wind speed, types of
windmill rotors, determination of torque coefficient, induction type generators, working principle of
wind power plant. Bio-energy: properties of biomass and conversion technologies, pyrolysis of
biomass to produce solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass gasification, types of gasifier, various
types of biomass cook stoves for rural energy needs. Biogas. basics of anaerobic digestion, types and
constructional details of biogas plants, biogas generation and its properties, factors affecting biogas
generation and usages, design consideration, advantages and disadvantages of biogas spent slurry.
Practical
Study of solar thermal devices like solar cookers, solar water heating system, natural convection solar
dryer, forced convection solar dryer, solar desalination unit, solar greenhouse for agriculture
production, biogas plants, biomass gasifiers, biomass improved cook-stoves, solar photovoltaic system.
8 Solar thermal1 Solar energy conversion into heat through, different solar
thermal devices, flat plate and concentrating collectors, and
their different uses like solar water heating systems
9 Solar thermal2 Principle of natural and forced convection solar drying
system, solar cookers, applications for cooling, pumping, etc.
10 Solar Photovoltaics Basics of PV and applications, p-n junctions.
25 Biomass cook stoves Various types of biomass cook stoves for rural energy needs
29 Design of biogas plant Design of small scale biogas plants, selection of biogas model
and size.
30 Site selection of biogas plants.
Class Practical
1. Study of solar cooker,
2. Study of solar water heating system,
3. Study of natural convection solar dryer,
4. Study of forced convection solar dryer,
5. Study of solar desalination unit,
6. Study of solar greenhouse,
7. Study of biogas plants,
8. Study of biomass gasifiers,
9. Study of different improved biomass cook-stoves,
10. solar photovoltaic system
References:
1. Rai, G.D. 2013. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Rai, G.D., Solar Energy Utilization, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Solar Electric Power Generation – Photovoltaic Energy Systems, Stefan C.W. Krauter
4. Physics of Solar Energy, C. Julian Chen, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.2011
5. Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources, Dieter Deublein and Angelika Steinhauser,
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,Weinheim,2008
6. Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation For Solar Power Utilization ,Ryszard
Petela, The McGraw-Hill Companies,2010
7. The Biodiesel Handbook ,Editors Gerhard Knothe ,Jon Van Gerpen, Jürgen Krahl , AOCS
Press
8. Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis Practical Design and Theory Prabir Basu Academic Press
is an imprint of Elsevie
9. Wind and Solar Power Systems, Mukund R. Patel , CRC Press
10. Hand book of Biomass Downdraft Gassifier Engine Systems ,SERI
11. Solar Engineering of Thermal Process,Duffie and Beckman
12. Non-Conventional Energy Resources, B. H. Khan, The McGraw Hill Publishers.
Farm Machinery and Equipment - II
Reference
1. Kepner RA, Bainer R & Berger EL., 1978. Principles of Farm machinery AVI Publication Co.
2. Engineering principles of Agril. Machines by Dr. Ajit K. Srivastav, Caroll E. Goering and Roger
P. Rohrbach
3. Michael A M and Ojha, T.P. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Jain Brothers, 873, East
Park Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
4. C P Nakra, Farm machines and Equipment. Dhanpat Rai Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd, 4787/23,
Ansari Road, Dayaganja, New Delhi.
5. Jain S C, Philip Grace. Farm Machinery – An approach. Standard Publishers and Distributors,
1705-B, NaiSarak, Post Box No-1066, New Delhi-110006.
6. Radhey Lal and A.C. Dutta. Agricultural Engineering (Through Worked out examples).
SarojPrkashan, 646 Katra, Allahabad-2.
7. Farm Power and Machinery Engineering by Dr. R. Suresh and Sanjay Kumar
8. Bhattacharya, T K. A workbook of Practical Farm Machinery(Vol-I & II).SarojPrakashan,
Allahabad-211002.
Sprinkler and Micro Irrigation System
1. Course No : IDE-313
2. Course title : Sprinkler and Micro irrigation systems
3. Credit hours : 2(1+1)
4. Class : 3rd year B.Tech (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General Objectives : To impart knowledge to the students on sprinkler and micro
irrigation systems for efficient application of water and
increasing production
7. Specific Objectives :
(a) Theory
At the end of the theory course, the student will be able to
To understand the importance of micro-irrigation (drip and sprinkler, role of Government for
promotion,
To acquaint the students about the components of micro irrigation systems, their design and lay
out for efficient water, fertilizer and pesticides application
To gain knowledge about the hydraulics of sprinkler and drip irrigation
Benefit – cost analysis in micro irrigation systems
(b) Practical
At the end of the practical exercise, the students will be able to
References
1. Keller Jack and Bliesener Ron D. 2001. Sprinkler and Trickle Irrigation. Springer Science+
business Media, New York.
2. Mane M. S. and Ayare B. L.. 2007. Principles of Sprinkler Irrigation system, Jain Brothers,
New Delhi
3. Mane M. S. and Ayare B. L. And MagarS. S. 2006. Principles of Drip Irrigation systems, Jain
Brothers, New Delhi
4. Michael A M, Shrimohan and KR Swaminathan. Design and evaluation of irrigation
methods,(IARI Monograph No.1). Water Technology Center, IARI New Delhi.
5. Michael A M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing Vikas Pub. New Delhi
6. Choudhary M. L. And Kadam U. S. 2006. Micro irrigation for cash crops Westville Publishing
House.
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Understand the importance of planning and lay out of a farmstead
Know about various standards for various dairy, piggery, poultry and other farm
structures.
Know about the different farm storage structures, silos, compost pit, implement sheds,
farm houses, threshing floors, farm roads, fencing, water supply, sewage systems, and
septic tanks
Know about rural electrification, concepts of eco system, bio-diversity, environmental
pollution and control, solid waste, plant waste management
To prepare estimate for different farm buildings, structures, roads, fencing and
construction, repair and maintenance of farm structures
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Measure different environmental parameters and indicators, ventilation, air temperature,
cooling load of farm buildings
Design and layout of farm buildings, poultry houses, goat houses, bio-gas plant, farm
roads, fencing etc.
Analyze drinking water, waste water and different solid wastes
Preparation of different estimates for the farm buildings and structures
Theory
Planning and layout of farmstead. Scope, importance and need for environmental control,
physiological reaction of livestock environmental factors, environmental control systems and their
design, control of temperature, humidity and other air constituents by ventilation and other methods,
Livestock production facilities, BIS Standards for dairy, piggery, poultry and other farm structures.
Design, construction and cost estimation of farm structures; animal shelters, compost pit, fodder silo,
fencing and implement sheds, barn for cows, buffalo, poultry, etc. Storage of grains, Causes of
spoilage, Water activity for low and high moisture food and its limits for storage, Moisture and
temperature changes in grain bins; Traditional storage structures and their improvements, Improved
storage structures (CAP, hermetic storage, Pusa bin, RCC ring bins), Design consideration for grain
storage godowns, Bag storage structures, Shallow and Deep bin, Calculation of pressure in bins,
Storage of seeds. Rural living and development, rural roads, their construction cost and repair and
maintenance. Sources of water supply, norms of water supply for human being and animals, drinking
water standards and water treatment suitable to rural community. Site and orientation of building in
regard to sanitation, community sanitation system; sewage system and its design, cost and
maintenance, design of septic tank for small family. Estimation of domestic power requirement, source
of power supply and electrification of rural housing.
Practical
Measurements for environmental parameters and cooling load of a farm building, design and layout of
a dairy farm, design and layout of a poultry house, design and layout of a goat house/sheep house,
design of a farm fencing system, design of a feed/fodder storage structures, design of grain storage
structures, design and layout of commercial bag and bulk storage facilities, study and performance
evaluation of different domestic storage structure, estimation of a farm building.
Class Practical
1 Measurement of environmental parameters, Temp, RH, wind velocity,
cooling load
2-3 Design and layout of a dairy farm
4-5 Design and layout of a poultry house
6-7 Design and layout of a goat/sheep house
8-9 Design and layout of a farm fencing system
10-11 Design and layout of a feed/fodder system
12-13 Design and layout of a grain storage structure
14 Design and layout of a bag storage structure
15 Performance of domestic storage structure
16 Design layout of a threshing floor
References
1. Pandey, P.H. Principles and practices of Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control,
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
2. Ojha, T.P. and Michael, A.M. Principles of Agricultural Engineering, Vol.1, Jain Brothers,
Karol Bag, New Delhi
3. Nathonson, J.A. Basic Environmental Technology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
4. Garg, S.K. Water Supply Engineering, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
5. Dutta, B.N. Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering, Dutta & Co, Luc know
6. Sahay, K.M. and Singh, K.K. Unit Operations of Agricultural Processing, Vikas pub.pvt. Ltd,
Noida
7. Banerjee, G.C. A Text Book of Animal Husbandry, Oxford IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi
Know the different unit operations in processing of major cereals, pulses and oilseeds of
the country and state
Understand the principles behind the working principles of different machineries used
for processing of cereals, pulses and oilseeds
Understand the basics of selection of appropriate machines/ equipment for various
applications
Know the different uses of byproducts obtained from cereals, pulses and oilseeds
processing
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
10 Drying theory, thin layer and deep bed drying, drying rate periods,
constant rate period, falling rate period, maximum and decreasing
drying rate period
11 Drying equations, mass and energy balance, Shedd’s equation,
different methods of drying (batch, continuous, mixing, non-mixing),
dryer performance
17 Types of mixers for solids, liquid foods and pastes (tumbling mixer,
ribbon mixer, impeller type mixer, sigma blade mixer)
25 Milling of Milling of corn and its products: Dry and wet milling
corn
References
1. Chakraverty, A. 1999. Post Harvest Technology of cereals, pulses and oilseeds. Oxford & IBH
publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Dash, S.K., Bebartta, J.P. and Kar, 2012. A. Rice Processing and Allied Operations. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Sahay, K.M. and Singh, K.K. 1994. Unit operations of Agricultural Processing. Vikas
Publishing house Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
4. Geankoplis C. J. 2002. Transport processes and unit operations, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd, New Delhi
5. McCabe, W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriott, P. Unit operations of Chemical Engineering. McGraw
Hill.
6. Dash, S.K., Bakhara, C.K. and Panda, M.K. Concepts in Post Harvest Engineering. CAET,
OUAT, Bhubaneswar
Measure and estimate soil loss and sedimentation using different techniques.
Design bunds, terraces, grassed waterways, wind breaks and shelter belts etc. and
recommend them for better soil and moisture conservation in a watershed.
Theory
Soil erosion - Introduction, causes and types - geological and accelerated erosion, agents, factors
affecting and effects of erosion. Water erosion - Mechanics and forms - splash, sheet, rill, gully, ravine
and stream bank erosion. Gullies - Classification, stages of development. Soil loss estimation –
Universal soil loss equation (USLE) and modified USLE. Rainfall erosivity - estimation by KE>25 and
EI30 methods. Soil erodibility - topography, crop management and conservation practice factors.
Measurement of soil erosion - Runoff plots, soil samples. Water erosion control measures -
agronomical measures - contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage and mulching.
Engineering measures– Bunds and terraces. Bunds - contour and graded bunds - design and
surplussing arrangements. Terraces - level and graded broad base terraces, bench terraces - planning,
design and layout procedure, contour stonewall and trenching. Gully and ravine reclamation -
principles of gully control - vegetative measures, temporary structures and diversion drains. Grassed
waterways and design. Wind erosion- Factors affecting, mechanics, soil loss estimation and control
measures - vegetative, mechanical measures, wind breaks and shelter belts and stabilization of sand
dunes. Land capability classification. Rate of sedimentation, silt monitoring and storage loss in tanks.
Practical
Exercises on computation of rainfall erosivity index. Computation of soil erodibility index in soil loss
estimation. Determination of length of slope (LS) and cropping practice (CP) factors for soil loss
estimation by USLE. Exercises on soil loss estimation/measuring techniques. Study of rainfall
simulator for erosion assessment. Estimation of sediment rate using Coshocton wheel sampler and
multi-slot devisor. Determination of sediment concentration through oven dry method. Design and
layout of contour bunds. Design and layout of graded bunds. Design and layout of broad base terraces.
Design and layout of bench terraces. Design of vegetative waterways. Exercises on rate of
sedimentation and storage loss in tanks.. Design of shelterbelts and wind breaks for wind erosion
control. Visit to soil erosion sites and watershed project areas for studying erosion control and water
conservation measures.
A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
Soil and water conservation engineering introduction, soil
erosion – causes and types - geological and accelerated
1 Soil erosion
erosion, agents of soil erosion, factors affecting and effects
of soil erosion
Water erosion - mechanics of erosion, factors affecting
2
water erosion
Forms of water erosion- splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill
Water erosion
3 erosion, gully erosion, ravine erosion, stream bank erosion,
coastal erosion
4 Gullies and their classification, stages of gully development
Soil loss estimation – universal soil loss equation (USLE)
5
and determination of their various parameters
USLE and determination of their various parameters,
6 application and limitations of USLE
7 Soil loss estimation Modified soil loss equation (MUSLE) and RUSLE
References
1. Singh Gurmel, C. Venkataraman, G. Sastry and B.P. Joshi. 1996. Manual of Soil and Water
Conservation Practices. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Mahnot, S.C. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation and Watershed Management. International
Books and Periodicals Supply Service, New Delhi.
3. Mal, B.C. 2014. Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. 2014. Kalyani
Publishers.
4. Michael, A.M. and T.P. Ojha. 2003. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Volume II. 4th
Edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
5. Murthy, V.V.N. 2002. Land and Water Management Engineering. 4th Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
6. Norman Hudson. 1985. Soil Conservation. Cornell University Press, Ithaka, New York, USA.
7. Frevert, R.K., G.O. Schwab, T.W. Edminster and K.K. Barnes. 2009. Soil and Water
Conservation Engineering, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
8. Suresh, R. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard Publisher Distributors,
New Delhi.
9. Das, G.2000. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know the problems of watershed and characteristics and how to delineate a watershed.
Different concept and factors affecting on watershed.
Rainwater conservation technologies
Monitoring and evaluation of a watershed along with PRA study and cost analysis.
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
References
1. Ghanshyam Das. 2008. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering: Including Watershed
Management. 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall of India Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Katyal, J.C., R.P. Singh, Shriniwas Sharma, S.K. Das, M.V. Padmanabhan and P.K. Mishra.
1995. Field Manual on Watershed Management. CRIDA, Hyderabad.
3. Mahnot, S.C. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation and Watershed Management. International
Books and Periodicals Supply Service. New Delhi.
4. Sharda, V.N., A.K. Sikka and G.P. Juyal. 2006. Participatory Integrated Watershed
Management: A Field Manual. Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training
Institute, Dehradun.
5. Singh, G.D. and T.C. Poonia. 2003. Fundamentals of Watershed Management Technology.
Yash Publishing House, Bikaner.
Drainage Engineering
1. Course No : IDE- 314
2. Course title : Drainage Engineering
3. Credit hour : 2 (1+1)
4. Class : 3rd year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st Semester
6. General objective : To educate the students on various engineering aspects of
agricultural field drainage
7. Specific objective:
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
(i) Understand the drainage problems and their effect on crop production
(ii) Know about the salt affected soils and their reclamation methods
(iii)Distinguish between surface, sub-surface and non-conventional drainage methods
(iv) Investigation methods of drainage problems
(v) Design drain dimensions and the spacing between drains
(vi) Analyze the economic aspects of drainage projects
(b) Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will learn to
(i) Determine the physical and chemical properties of soil and water including hydraulics
conductivity, drainable porosity, drainage coefficient and electrical conductivity
(ii) Compute the amendment requirement for reclamation of salt affected soils
(iii)Evolve methods to design the surface and sub-surface drainage systems
(iv) Identify the drainage materials and study their strength prior to installation
References
1. Bhattacharya AK and Michael AM. 2013. Land Drainage, Principles , Methods and
Applications. Vikas Publication House, Noida (UP)
2. Ritzema H.P.1994 Drainage Principles and Applications, ILRI Publication 16, Second Edition
(Completely Revised)
3. Michael AM. and Ojha TP. 2014. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol-II 5th Edition.
Jain Brothers Publication, New Delhi
Renewable Power Sources
1. Course No : REE-312
2. Course Title : Renewable Power Sources
3. Credit hours : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 3rd year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 1st semester
6. General Objectives: To impact knowledge on different types of renewable energy sources for
power generation
7. Specific Objectives:
(a) Theory: By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
i) To study the different energy consumption pattern and replace of renewable energy
ii) Design of community type and institutional type of biogas plants and its use for IC
engine operation for power generation,
iii) Solar thermal and photovoltaic Power generation
iv) Detail design of wind mill and its power operation
v) Ocean power generation through OTEC, wave and tide
vi) Power generation from urban waste and biomass gasification
vii) Design of mini and small hydro project
viii) Detail study of fuel cell and their application
ix) Use of animal energy for different agricultural operation
On successful completion of the teaching program, the students should be able to evaluate, and select
appropriate renewable energy technologies to meet a given energy demand.
(b)Practical:
In the practical sessions the students study the performance of different solar, biogas,
producer gas and animal power gadgets
Theory
Energy consumption pattern & energy resources in India. Renewable energy options, potential and
utilization. Biogas technology and mechanisms, generation of power from biogas, Design & use of
different commercial sized biogas plant. Solar thermal and photovoltaic Systems for power generation.
Power generation from urban, municipal and industrial waste. Wind farms. Aero-generators. Wind
power generation system. Ocean thermal electric power generation, wave and tidal power, Power
generation from biomass (gasification & Dendro thermal), Mini and micro hydel plants. Fuel cells and
its associated parameters. Animal power based technology.
Practical
Performance evaluation of solar water heater; Performance evaluation of solar cooker; Characteristics
of solar photovoltaic panel; evaluation of solar air heater/dryer; Performance evaluation of biomass
gasifier engine system (throat less & downdraft), Performance evaluation of a fixed dome type biogas
plant; Performance evaluation of floating drum type biogas plant; Estimation of calorific value of
biogas & producer gas; Testing of diesel engine operation using dual fuels and gas alone. Performance
evaluation of animal power based machines and equipment.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Energy Energy consumption and standard of living, classification of
resources energy resources, consumption trend of primary energy resources,
importance and potential of renewable energy sources
2 Limitations of renewable energy sources, Various sources of
renewable energy, energy scenario in India and world,
environmental impacts of non-renewable energy sources
3&4 Thermodynamic Basic thermodynamic cycles such as Brayton, Stirling, Rankine,
cycles for combined gas-vapour power cycles and cogeneration cycle for
power power generation
generation
5 Biogas Bio gas: Aerobic and Anaerobic bio conversion processes,
applications Microbial reactions,
6 Scrubbing and purification, properties of biogas, storage and
enrichment.
7 Design and sizing of biogas plant,
8 Application of bio gas in IC engine. Blending of biogas with petro
fuels for power generation Solving numericals for design and
sizing of community based biogas plant and for power generation
9 Waste to energy Urban solid wastes (municipal waste and municipal refuse), their
composition, waste to energy through incineration process,
components and working of a waste incineration energy plant.
10 Biomass Basics and chemistry of producer gas generation from biomass.
gasifier Classification, advantages/disadvantages of various gasifiers
11 Design of downdraft gasifier for engine applications
12 Engine applications of producer gas, blending of producer gas with
petro fuels for power generation.
13 Solving numericals for engine application of producer gas
10 Solar thermal Solar concentrating collector, types, concentration ratio,
power efficiency, orientation and tracking modes, materials for
generation construction
11 Construction and working of parabolic collector, paraboloid dish
12 collector, central receiver collector and evacuated solar collector
for energy storage and power generation
13 Prospects of solar thermal power plants. Solar thermal power
plant, its components and working principle.
14 Solar Solar photovoltaic modules, structure from solar cell, wattage,
photovoltaic module power output, effects of solar radiation and temperature on
power power output
generation
15 Components of solar PV system, batteries, charge controller,
inverter and maximum power point tracking, their sizing and cost
economics
16 Calculation of power generation through solar photovoltaic system
on standalone and grid connected mode and their cost economics
17 Wind power Components of wind energy utilization system, types of wind
generation energy systems, wind to electrical energy conversion alternatives
18 Applications of wind energy, aero-generator (DC, synchronous
and induction generator), wind mill for water pumping
19 Wind power plant and its components for various modes of power
generation (stand alone, back-up mode like wind diesel and grid
connected mode)
20 Ocean energy Ocean thermal energy conversion system, its prospects, feasibility
in India, advantages and disadvantages, working principle and
applications
21 Ocean thermal energy conversion power plant, its components,
working principle and cost economics
22 Ocean wave energy conversion system, its prospects, feasibility in
India, advantages and disadvantages, working principle and
applications
23 Ocean wave energy conversion power plant, its components,
working principle and cost economics
24 Ocean tidal energy conversion system, its prospects, feasibility in
India, advantages and disadvantages, working principle and
applications
25 Ocean tidal energy conversion power plant, its components,
working principle and cost economics
26 Micro hydel Mini and micro hydel power plant, its prospects, advantages and
power plant limitations small hydro power potential, classification of small
hydropower stations, classification of water turbines, range of
applications of various types of turbines for a small hydro project
27 Components of small hydropower plant and examples of small
hydro-electric project installation with unique features
28 Fuel cell Fuel cell, its prospects, advantages, working principle, applications
and cycle for power generation
29 Animal power Draught animal power, its status, renewability, benefits,
contribution as farm power in Indian agriculture
30 Utilization of draught animal power for pulling agricultural
implements, operating post-harvest stationary machines through
rotary mode of use and for hauling cart.
(B) Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 To study the performance of domestic solar water heater
2 To study the performance of solar cooker
3 To study the performance of natural convection solar dryer
4 To study the performance of forced convection solar dryer
5 To study the performance of solar sill
6 To study the efficiency of solar photovoltaic module
7 To study the performance of a fixed dome type biogas plant
8 To study the performance of a floating drum type biogas plant
9 Determination of calorific value of biogas
10 Determination of calorific value of producer gas
11 To study the performance of paddy thresher by using bullock power in rotary mode. .
12 To study the performance of groundnut decorticator by using bullock power in rotary
mode
13 To study the performance of chaff cutter by using bullock power in rotary mode
References:
1. Garg H.P. 1990. Advances in Solar Energy Technology; D. Publishing Company, Tokyo.
2. Alan L: Farredbruch & R.H. Buse. 1983. Fundamentals of Solar Academic Press, London.
3. Bansal N.K., Kleemann M. & Meliss Michael. 1990. Renewable Energy Sources & Conversion
Technology; Tata Mecgrow Publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Rathore N. S., Kurchania A. K. & N.L. Panwar. 2007. Non Conventional Energy Sources,
Himanshu Publications.
5. Mathur, A.N. & N.S. Rathore. 1992. Biogas Production Management & Utilization. Himanshu
Publications, Udaipur.
6. Khandelwal, K.C. & S.S. Mahdi. 1990. Biogas Technology.
7. Rai, G.D. 2013. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
8. Mathur A.N. & N.S. Rathore. Renewable Energy Sources Bohra Ganesh Publications, Udaipur.
Theory
Introduction to high level languages, primary data types and user defined data types, variables,
typecasting, operators, building and evaluating expressions, standard library functions, managing input
and output, decision making, branching, looping, arrays, user defined functions, passing arguments and
returning values, recursion, scope and visibility of a variable, string functions, structures and union,
pointers, stacks, push/pop operations, queues, insertion and deletion operations, linked lists.
Practical
Familiarizing with Turbo C IDE; Building an executable version of C program; Debugging a C
program; Developing and executing simple programs; Creating programs using decision making
statements such as if, go to & switch; Developing program using loop statements while, do & for;
Using nested control structures; Familiarizing with one and two dimensional arrays; Using string
functions; Developing structures and union; Creating user defined functions; Using local, global &
external variables; Using pointers; Implementing Stacks; Implementing push/pop functions; Creating
queues; Developing linked lists in C language; Insertion/Deletion in data structures.
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
Introduction to high level languages, definition of c
language, importance of C, structure programming, a
simple C programming, execution of a ‘C’ program,
1 Introduction
creating a program ,compiling the program, linking and
loading the program, executing the program, program
and instruction, sample program.
Letters, digits, special characters, white spaces, key
words, identifiers, constants, backslash character
Character set and constants, rules for variable naming, primary data types,
2
Variables size of data type, data type and their keywords,
declaration of variables, secondary data types, user
defined data types.
Arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical
operators, assignment operators, increment and
3
Operators decrement operators, conditional operators, bitwise
operators, special operators, precedence of arithmetic
operators.
Casting a value, library functions, math functions,
Type conversion and managing input and output operations, reading a
4 Managing input & character, printing a character (writing a character),
(B)
output operations formatted input, scanf format code, formatted output,
printf format code.
Prac
Decision making with if statement, simple if statement, tical
5
Decision making and if…..else statement, nesting of if…..else statement, the Clas
Branching else….if ladder, the switch statement, the goto statement. s
The while statement- the do…..while statement, the for Outl
Decision Making and ine
6 statement, additional features of for loop, nesting of for
Looping
loop, jumps in loops, continue.
One dimensional arrays, two dimensional arrays,
Arrays and Library handling of character strings, initializing string variables,
7
Functions reading a line of test, library functions, string handling
function.
The form of c functions, parts of the function, calling a
8 User-defined Function
function.
Actual and formal arguments, recursion of function,
9 Category of Functions
scope & lifetime of variables in functions.
10 Structures and Unions Structures and unions.
Declaring and initializing pointers, accessing a variable
11 Pointers
through its pointer.
Dynamic memory Allocating a block of memory, advantages of link list,
12 allocation & Linked types of linked list, creating a linked list.
List
13 Linked List Inserting an item in linked list
Deleting the first item, deleting the last item, deleting
14 Linked List
between two nodes in the middle of the list.
Storing a queue in a dynamic data structure, adding a
15 Queues node (add), deleting a node (delete), queue
implementation using linked list.
Push and pop operation, stack implementation using
16 Stacks
linked list.
Class Practical
1. Familiarizing with Turbo C IDE; Building an executable version of C program
2. Debugging a C program
3. Developing and executing simple programs
4. Developing and executing simple programs
5. Developing and executing simple programs
6. Creating programs using decision making statements such as if, go to & switch;
7. Creating programs using decision making statements such as if, go to & switch;
8. Creating programs using decision making statements such as if, go to & switch;
9. Developing program using loop statements while, do & for
10. Developing program using loop statements while, do & for
11. Developing program using loop statements while, do & for
12. Developing program using loop statements while, do & for
13. Using nested control structures
14. Familiarizing with one and two dimensional arrays
15. Familiarizing with one and two dimensional arrays
16. Familiarizing with one and two dimensional arrays
17. Using string functions
18. Creating user defined functions
19. Creating user defined functions
20. Creating user defined functions
21. Developing structures and union
22. Developing structures and union
23. Using local, global & external variables
24. Using pointers
25. Developing linked lists in C language
26. Inserting an item in Linked List
27. Inserting an item in Linked List
28. Deleting an item in Linked List
29. Deleting an item in Linked List
30. Implementing Stacks
31. Implementing push/pop functions
32. Creating queues, Insertion/Deletion in queues.
References
1. E Balagurusamy .2010. Programming in ANSI C. Tata McGraw - Hill Education
2. Yashavant P. Kanetkar. 2010. Let Us C. BPB Publications
3. Amiya Kumar Rath, 2010. Data Structures Using C .Scitech Pub.
4. LipschutzS . 2009. Data Structures (Schaum S Outline Series). Tata McGraw - Hill Education
5. YashavantKanetkar . 2010. Data Structures Through C. YashavantKanetkar
6. Srivastava S K. 2009. Data Structures Through C In Depth. BPB Publications
7. Yashavant P. Kanetkar. 2010. Let Us C Solutions. BPB Publications
Tractor Systems and Controls
1. Course No. : FMPE-324
2. Course Title : Tractor Systems and Controls
3. Credit Hours : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 3rd Year B. Tech (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General objective : To impart knowledge on various systems and their controls in Agricultural
Tractors
7. Specific objectives
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
(b) Practical
By the end of practical exercises, the students will know
References
1. Tractor and their Power Units, by Barger E l , Liljedahl J B & McKibben E C, Wiley Eastern
2. Automobile Engg. by Kripal Singh, Standard Publisher and Distributers, Delhi-6
3. Farm Tractor, Maintenance and Repair, by SC Jain and C r rai Standard Publisher and Distributers,
Delhi-6
4. Automobile Mechanics (SI Units), by N K Giri, Khanna Publishers, Delhi -6
5. Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines, by A. K. Srivastav, C.E. Goering and r. p.
Rohrbach
6. The Mechanics of Tractor- Implement performance. Theory and Worked Example, by Macmillan
RH University of Melbourne
7. BIS Test codes for tractor.
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know the different means of storage and value addition of fruits and vegetables along
with the cold chain
Know the different unit operations in processing of major horticultural crops of the
country and state
Understand the working principles of different machineries used for processing of
fruits, vegetables and spices
Understand the basics of selection of appropriate machines/ equipment for various
applications of processing of horticultural crops
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Use the different types of sorting, grading, peeling, slicing, blanching and other
equipment for processing of fruits and vegetables
Identify the suitable equipment, materials and methods for storage, processing,
packaging and value addition of fruits and vegetables
Develop at least 4 types of value added products from fruits and vegetables
Understand the technical and management aspects of operation of fruits and vegetable
processing industries.
Theory
Importance of processing of fruits and vegetables, spices, condiments; Characteristics and properties of
horticultural crops important for processing; Preservation Technology: General methods of
preservation of fruits and vegetables, Brief description and advantages and disadvantages of different
physical/ chemical and other methods of preservation, Flowcharts for preparation of different finished
products, Food supply chain; Sorting and grading equipments; Peeling: Different peeling methods and
devices (manual peeling, mechanical peeling, chemical peeling, and thermal peeling); Slicing of
horticultural crops: equipment for slicing, shredding, crushing, chopping, juice extraction, etc.;
Blanching: Importance and objectives; blanching methods, effects on food (nutrition, colour, pigment,
texture); Chilling and freezing: Application of refrigeration in different perishable food products,
Thermophilic, mesophilic & Psychrophilic micro-organisms, Chilling requirements of different fruits
and vegetables, Freezing of food, freezing time calculations, slow and fast freezing, Equipment for
chilling and freezing (mechanical & cryogenic), Effect on food during chilling and freezing, Cold
storage heat load calculations and cold storage design, refrigerated vehicle and cold chain system;
Dryers for fruits and vegetables, Osmo-dehydration; Handling and transportation of fruits and
vegetables, Pack house technology, Minimal processing; Common methods of storage, Low
temperature storage, evaporative cooled storage, Controlled atmospheric storage, Modified
atmospheric packaging; Post harvest management and equipment for spices; Packaging of horticultural
commodities, Packaging requirements (in terms of light transmittance, heat, moisture and gas proof,
micro organisms, mechanical strength), Different types of packaging materials commonly used for raw
and processed fruits and vegetables products, bulk and retail packages and packaging machines,
Quality control in Fruit and vegetable processing industry.
Practical
Study of fruit graders, Study of peeler and slicer, Study of juicer and pulper, Study of blanching
equipment, Testing adequacy of blanching, Study of cold storage and its design, Study of CAP and
MAP storage, Minimal processing of vegetables, Preparation of value added products, Visit to fruit
and vegetable processing industry, Visit to spice processing plant
16 Overall discussion
Class Topic
5 Study of cold storage and its design, cold storage heat load calculations
References
1. Pandey, R.H. 1997. Post harvest Technology of fruits and vegetables (Principles and practices).
Saroj Prakashan, Allahabad
2. Sudheer, K P. and Indira, V. 2007. Post Harvest Engineering of horticultural crops. New india
Publishing House.
3. Lal Giridhari, Siddappa and Tondon. 2001. Preservation of fruits and vegetables. ICAR, New
Delhi
4. Srivastava and Sanjeev Kumar. 2008. Fruit and vegetable preservation: principles and
practices. Kalyani Publishers
5. Fellows, P. 2008. Food Processing Technology. Woodhead
(a) Theory
At the end of the theory classes, the students will be able
To understand the knowledge on occurrence, distribution and hydraulics of ground water in
a region/area and characteristics/properties of the water bearing formations.
Selection of points using different investigation methods for construction of wells.
To acquaint with the equipments and different methods used for construction of wells
suitable for different formations and the design of deep/ shallow wells.
To have knowledge on different recharge methods for augmentation of ground water.
To know the quality of ground water and its suitability for irrigation, drinking and industry
purpose.
To acquaint with different types of water lifting devices such as pumps, hydraulic ram, their
adaptability and selection of required size.
(b) Practical
At the end of the practical (laboratory and field) works the students will be able to:
Selection of site for construction of wells
Efficient design of wells in the field condition
Design and selection of pumps
Theory
Occurrence and movement of ground water; aquifer and its types; classification of wells, fully
penetrating tube wells and open wells, familiarization of various types of bore wells; design of open
wells; Darcy’s law, determination of hydraulic conductivity laboratory and field method, groundwater
hydraulics- Dupit’s assumptions and Dupit’s method, Thiem’s method, determination of aquifer
parameters by different method such as Theis, Jacob and Chow’s, Theis recovery method; well
interference, groundwater exploration techniques; methods of drilling of wells: percussion, rotary,
reverse rotary; DTH, design of tubewell and gravel pack, development of tube well; basin wise ground
water development, safe yield, factors governing safe yield, computation of safe yield by Hill’s
method, comsumptive use of ground water, quality of ground water; artificial groundwater recharge
techniques; pumping systems: water lifting devices; classification of pumps, components of
centrifugal pumps, priming, pump selection, installation and trouble shooting, performance curves,
effect of speed on capacity, head and power, effect of change of impeller dimensions on performance
characteristics; hydraulic ram, deep well turbine pump and submersible pump.
Practical
Verification of Darcy's Law; determination of hydraulic conductivity laboratory and field method,
study of different drilling equipments; sieve analysis for gravel and well screens design; estimation of
specific yield and specific retention; testing of well screen; estimation of aquifer parameters by Theis
method, Coopers-Jacob method, Chow method; Theis Recovery method; well design; well losses and
well efficiency; estimating ground water balance; study of artificial ground water recharge structures;
study of centrifugal pumps, multistage centrifugal pumps, installation and testing of centrifugal pump.
Practical
Familiarization with different makes and models of agricultural tractors. Identification of functional
systems including fuels system, cooling system, transmission system, steering and hydraulic systems.
Study of maintenance points to be checked before starting a tractor. Familiarization with controls on a
tractor. Safety rules and precautions to be observed while driving a tractor. Driving practice of tractor.
Practice of operating a tillage tool (mould-board plough/ disc plough) and their adjustment in the field.
Study of field patterns while operating a tillage implement. Hitching & De-hitching of mounted and
trail type implement to the tractor. Driving practice with a trail type trolley – forward and in reverse
direction. Introduction to tractor maintenance – precautionary and break-down maintenance. Tractor
starting with low battery charge. Introduction to trouble shooting in tractors. Familiarization with tools
for general and special maintenance. Introduction to scheduled maintenance after 10, 100, 300, 600,
900 and 1200 hours of operation. Safety hints. Top end overhauling. Fuel saving tips. Preparing the
tractor for storage. Care and maintenance procedure of agricultural machinery during operation and
off-season. Repair and maintenance of implements – adjustment of functional parameters in tillage
implements. Replacement of broken components in tillage implements. Replacement of furrow
openers and change of blades of rotavators. Maintenance of cutter bar in a reaper. Adjustments in a
thresher for different crops. Replacement of V-belts on implements. Setting of agricultural machinery
workshop.
(A)Practical Class Outline
Class Chapter Details
1 Introduction Introduction to tractor maintenance procedure.
2 Familiarization with tractor controls & learning procedure of
tractor starting and stopping.
3 Makes of tractor Familiarization with different makes and models of 4-wheeled
tractors.
4 Functional systems Identification of different tractor systems including fuel system,
of tractor cooling system, transmission system, steering and hydraulic
systems.
5 Maintenance tools Familiarization with tools for general and special maintenance.
6 Maintenance Familiarization with service schedule, periodical service, 10 hours
schedules service schedule
7 Maintenance after 50 hours of tractor operation
8 Maintenance after 125 hours of tractor operation
9 Maintenance after 250 hours of tractor operation
10 Maintenance after 500 hours of tractor operation
11 Break-down Precautionary and break-down maintenance
maintenance
12 Trouble shooting Trouble shooting in tractors
13 Tractor safety Driving safety rules. Road signs, traffic rules, road safety .
14 Tractor in operation Driving practice of tractor with forward & reverse gear, parking
of tractor
15 Tractor driving practice with two wheeled tractor trailer forward
&reverse.
16 Study and practicing the hitching and detaching of implements.
17 Study operation and field adjustments of MB plough & disk
plough.
18 Field operation of trailing & mounted disk harrow.
19 Field operation and adjustments of seed drill/planter/sprayer
20 Tractor for off- Preparing the tractor for storage.
season storage
21 Steering Steering geometry, wheel track adjustment
maintenance
22 Fuel injection Fuel injection pumps–time setting, pressure adjustment (nozzle
maintenance opening)
23 EleElectrical Maintenance of electrical system of tractor. Electrical system
maintenance (including starting motor, alternator and battery)
24 M B plough Mould board plough- Adjustment, operation and maintenance
maintenance
25 Disc plough Disc plough – Adjustment, operation and maintenance
maintenance
26 Disc harrow Adjustment and maintenance of disk harrows
maintenance
27 Planting equipment Adjustment and maintenance of seeding and planting equipment
maintenance
28 Harvesting Adjustment, operation and maintenance of harvesting equipment -
equipment I
maintenance Adjustment, operation and maintenance of harvesting equipment-
II
29 Threshing Adjustment, operation and maintenance of threshing equipment
equipment
maintenance
30 Off-season Care and maintenance procedure of agricultural machinery during
maintenance operation and off-season
31 Setting workshop Visit to farm machinery manufacturer/ assembler/ spare parts
agency
32 Fuel saving tips Fuel saving tips
References
1. Jain SC and CR Rai. Farm Tractor Maintenance and Repair.
2. Ghosh RK and S Swain. Practical Agricultural Engineering.
3. Operators manuals of tractors.
4. Service manuals provided by manufacturers.
5. Relevant BIS codes.
5 Unit operations Unit operations in various dairy and food processing systems;
in dairy industry Process flow charts for product manufacture: pasteurised and
sterilised milk, butter, yoghurt, cheese, flavoured milk, ice cream,
etc.
14 Cheese, paneer Preparation methods and equipment for cheese, paneer and ice
and ice cream cream,
15 Filling & Filling & packaging: factors causing deterioration during milk
packaging of storage, different types of packaging materials for milk and
milk and milk products, brief descriptions about the filling and metering of
products liquids and pastes, filling by gravity flow, FFS system,
26 Classification of filters, plate and frame filter press, shell and leaf
filter, rotary drum filter, filtering centrifuges, bag filter
27 Membrane Membrane separation, RO, Nano-filtration, Ultra filtration and
separation Macro-filtration
32 Summing up
Class Practical
3. Study of pasteurizer
5. Study of homogenizer
8. Study of evaporators
References
1. Ahmed, T. 1997. Dairy Plant Engineering and Management. 4th Ed. Kitab Mahal.
2. McCabe, W.L. and Smith, J. C. 1999. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. McGraw Hill.
3. Rao, D.G. Fundamentals of Food Engineering. PHI learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
4. Singh, R.P. & Heldman, D.R. 1993. Introduction to Food Engineering. Academic Press.
5. Toledo, R. T. 1997. Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering. CBS Publisher.
6.Dash, S K, Rayaguru K, Khan, M K. 2012. Concepts in Dairy and Food Engineering. OUAT,
Bhubaneswar, 114 p.
7.Sahoo, N R, Dash S K, Pal, U S. 2012. Concepts in Food and Dairy Technology. OUAT,
Bhubaneswar, 114 p.
Theory: By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
a) The different biomass sources, their properties and their applications for energy
b) Production of biomass
c) Thermochemical and biochemical process of biomass for bioenergy and fuel production
On successful completion of the teaching program, the students should be understand the details
about the different biomass and their application in energy systems.
Theory
Biomass sources and characteristics, fermentation processes and its general requirements, an overview
of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes and their industrial application. Heat transfer
processes in anaerobic digestion systems, biomass production: wastelands, classification and their use
through energy plantation, selection of species, methods of field preparation and transplanting.
Harvesting of biomass and coppicing characteristics. Biomass preparation techniques for harnessing
(size reduction, densification and drying). Thermo-chemical degradation. History of small gas
producer engine system. Chemistry of gasification. Producer gas – type, operating principle. Gasifier
fuels, properties, preparation, conditioning of producer gas. Application, shaft power generation,
thermal application and economics. . Trans-esterification for biodiesel production and application in CI
engines, production process, properties and application of ethanol, a range of bio-hydrogen production
routes. Environmental aspect of bio-energy, assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation potential. Cost
economics of bio-energy systems
Practical
Study of anaerobic fermentation system for industrial application, study of gasification for industrial
process heat. Study of biodiesel production unit. Study of ethanol production unit, study of biomass
densification technique (briquetting, pelletization, and cubing), integral bio energy system for
industrial application, study of bio energy efficiency in industry and commercial buildings, study and
demonstration of energy efficiency in building, study of Brayton, Striling and Rankine cycles, Study of
modern greenhouse technologies.
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Biomass sources Origin of biomass: the photosynthesis process, biomass sources, its
and composition and characteristics, renewability of biomass, routes
characteristics for obtaining biofuels from biomass and sustainability of biofuels
2 Fermentation of Fermentation processes and its general requirements, An overview
biomass of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes and their
industrial applications. Anaerobic digestion of organic matter,
environmental and operational factors affecting biomass digestion
3 Microbiology of anaerobic fermentation, biogas generation, its
properties and purification methods
4 Biogas yield from organic wastes, waste weeds and industrial
wastes, potential of biogas plant effluent as enriched manure
5 Feasibility of biogas yield from other sources such as excreta of
poultry and livestock, night soil and landfill sites
6 Economic analysis of using biogas as cooking fuel compared to
LPG gas
7 Energy Energy plantation: a sustainable source of energy, Scope for
plantation energy plantations, Wastelands for Energy Plantations, Fast
growing plant species for energy plantations, advantages and
disadvantages of energy farming
8 Cost-benefit analysis of energy plantation for 1 ha of land- a case
study
9 Biomass Physical method of bioconversion, briquetting, palletization,
briquetting advantages of biomass briquetting, appropriate biomass residues
for briquetting
10 Fundamental aspects of briquetting (pressure compaction, binding
mechanism of densification, mechanism of compaction),
briquetting process
11 Briquetting technologies, screw press, piston press, hydraulic press
roller press etc., constructional details of manually and power
operated briquetting machine.
12 Economic analysis of preparing briquettes from biomass
13 Producer gas History and overview of producer gas generation and utilization,
agricultural residues potential in India and their utilization for
producer gas, principles of biomass gasification, thermo-chemical
process and chemistry of gasification, operating factors for
producer gas generation
14 Classification, advantages/disadvantages of various gasifiers,
Suitability of various types of biomass for gasifying in different
types of gasifiers. Fuel characteristics of producer gas. Air –fuel
ratio of producer gas for use in internal combustion engine.
15 Design of downdraft gasifier for engine applications, components
for producer gas based engine system, conditioning (cleaning and
cooling) of producer gas, performance of dual fuel (producer gas
and diesel) mode of operation of IC engine.
16 Techno-economic analysis of producer gas based engine system
and power generation.
17 Biodiesel Need for alternate fuel, concept and overview of biodiesel,
production and utilization in India, suitable feed stocks for
biodiesel production, composition and thermo-chemical properties
of biodiesel and its comparison with petro-diesel.
18 Chemistry of trans-esterification process, factors affecting trans-
esterification, biodiesel production process
19 Biodiesel based engine set-up and performance of biodiesel and its
different blends with diesel in CI engine
20 Emission characteristics of biodiesel using in CI engine and its
environmental effects compared to diesel
21 Economic analysis of biodiesel production starting from jatropha
plant cultivation, oil extraction, use of small scale bio-diesel plant
and by-product utilization.
22 Ethanol Need and overview of ethanol production and utilization in India
and abroad, suitable feed stocks for ethanol production,
composition and thermo-chemical properties of ethanol and its
comparison with petro-fuel.
23 Chemistry of fermentation process, factors affecting fermentation,
ethanol production process
24 Ethanol based engine set-up and performance of ethanol and its
different blends with gasoline in IC engine
25 Emission characteristics of ethanol using in IC engine and its
environmental effects compared to gasoline
26 Economic analysis of ethanol production starting from sugar cane
plant cultivation, juice extraction, use of small scale ethanol plant
and by-product utilization.
27 Hydrogen Hydrogen as an alternate fuel, its overview and future prospects,
energy properties of hydrogen, advantages of hydrogen as a fuel,
applications of hydrogen energy, problems associated with
hydrogen use
28 Production of hydrogen (solar energy, biomass, fossil fuels,
electrolysis, thermo-chemical methods etc.)
29 Hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation, safety precaution,
hydrogen as an alternate fuel for motor vehicles
30 Environmental Environmental aspect of bio-energy and assessment of greenhouse
effects of bio- gas mitigation potential.
energy use
(B) Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 To Study of anaerobic fermentation system for industrial application
2 Study of gasification for industrial process heat.
3 Study of biodiesel production unit
4 Testing of Biodiesel
5 Study of ethanol production unit,
6 To study the manually operated biomass briquetting machine
7 To study the power operated biomass briquetting machine
8
Study of bio energy efficiency in industry and commercial buildings,
9 Study and demonstration of energy efficiency in building,
10 Study of Brayton cycle
11 Study of Striling cycle
12
Study of modern greenhouse technologies.
13 Study of modern greenhouse technologies
References
1. British BioGen. 1997, Anaerobic digestion of farm and food processing practices- Good
practice guidelines, London, available on www.britishbiogen.co.UK.
2. Butler, S. 2005. Renewable Energy Academy: Training wood energy professionals.
3. Centre for biomass energy. 1998. Straw for energy production; Technology- Environment-
Ecology. Available: www.ens.dk.
Remote Sensing and GIS Applications
1. Course No :ASCE-421(E)
2. Course title :Remote Sensing and GIS Applications
3. Credit hours :3(2+1)
4. Class :4th year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester :2nd Semester
6. General objective :To make students familiar with different protected structures, green
house technology and methods of precision farming
7. Specific Objectives
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Familiar with remote sensing and GIS hardware
Know about remote sensing methods and applications in NRM
Know about Electro-magnetic spectrum
Know about energy interactions in the atmosphere and earth’s surface
Spectral reflectance curve and aerial photography
Digital image processing
Concepts of GIS and data management
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know about different satellite imagery, aerial photographs and FCC
Use of RS and GIS software
Digital image processing, scanning and digitization of maps
Preparation of maps for local planning
Land and water resources planning
Theory
Basic component of remote sensing (RS), advantages and limitations of RS, possible use of RS
techniques in assessment and monitoring of land and water resources; electromagnetic spectrum,
energy interactions in the atmosphere and with the Earth’s surface; major atmospheric windows;
principal applications of different wavelength regions; typical spectral reflectance curve for vegetation,
soil and water; spectral signatures; different types of sensors and platforms; contrast ratio and possible
causes of low contrast; aerial photography; types of aerial photographs, scale of aerial photographs,
planning aerial photography- end lap and side lap; stereoscopic vision, requirements of stereoscopic
photographs; air-photo interpretation- interpretation elements; photogrammetry- measurements on a
single vertical aerial photograph, measurements on a stereo-pair- vertical measurements by the parallax
method; ground control for aerial photography; satellite remote sensing, multispectral scanner-
whiskbroom and push-broom scanner; different types of resolutions; analysis of digital data- image
restoration; image enhancement; information extraction, image classification, unsupervised
classification, supervised classification, important consideration in the identification of training areas,
vegetation indices; microwave remote sensing. GI Sand basic components, different sources of spatial
data, basic spatial entities, major components of spatial data, Basic classes of map projections and their
properties, Methods of data input into GIS, Data editing, spatial data models and structures, Attribute
data management, integrating data (map overlay) in GIS, Application of remote sensing and GIS for
the management of land and water resources.
Practical
Familiarization with remote sensing and GIS hardware; use of software for image interpretation;
interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite imagery; basic GIS operations such as image display;
study of various features of GIS software package; scanning, digitization of maps and data editing;
data base query and map algebra. GIS supported case studies in water resources management.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Class Practical
1 Stereo test
2 Identification of features on aerial photographs
3 Interpretation of satellite imagery
4 Browsing satellite data
5 Map digitization
6 Image display, rectification, registration
7 Image enhancement
8 Unsupervised classification
9 Supervised classification
10 Field work-GPS demo
11 Study of RS software
12 Familiarization with GIS software
13 Geo-referencing and projections
14 Spatial data entry
15 Spatial analysis using vector and raster data sets
16 Map generation
References
1. Reddy Anji, M. 2006. Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems.
BS Publications, Hyderabad.
2. Elangovan, K. 2006. GIS Fundamentals Applications and Implementations. New India
Publication Agency, New Delhi.
3. George Joseph. 2005. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. 2nd Edition. Universities Press (India)
Private Limited, Hyderabad.
4. Jensen, J.R. 2013. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective.
Pearson Education Limited, UK.
5. Lillesand, T., R.W. Kiefer and J. Chipman. 2015. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation.
7th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Singapore Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.
6. Sabins, F.F. 2007. Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation. Third Edition, Waveland
Press Inc., Illinois, USA.
Precision Farming Techniques for Protected Cultivation
1. Course No :ASCE-422(E)
2. Course title :Precission Farming Techniques for Protected Cultivation
3. Credit hours :3(2+1)
4. Class :4th year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester :2nd Semester
6. General objective :To make students familiar with different protected structures, green
house technology and methods of precission farming
7. Specific Objectives
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Understand the importance of protected cultivation in precision farming
Know about various components, shape, types of green houses
Know about design and construction of green houses in different agro-climatic zones
Know about greenhouse cooling and heating systems, environmental parameter and
control, ventilation systems
To assess different root media, micro-irrigation, fertigation, planting techniques in
green house cultivation
Hydroponics, post-harvest management, pest management and economic aspects of a
green house
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know about different materials used for construction of a greenhouse/poly house
Measure different climatic parameters and indicators, ventilation, air temperature,
cooling load inside a functional poly house
Know about giving lay out, location and planning of a poly house with construction
procedure
Provide sufficient environmental control parameters for better crop growth
Micro-irrigation system layout with misting, fogging and control
Crop management inside a green house
Theory
Protected cultivation: introduction, history, origin, development, national and international scenario,
components of green house, perspective, types of green houses, polyhouses /shed nets, cladding
materials, plant environment interactions – principles of limiting factors, solar radiation and
transpiration, greenhouse effect, light, temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide enrichment,
design and construction of greenhouses – site selection, orientation, design, construction, design for
ventilation requirement using exhaust fan system, selection of equipment, greenhouse cooling system –
necessity, methods – ventilation with roof and side ventilators, evaporative cooling, different shading
material fogging, combined fogging and fan-pad cooling system, design of cooling system,
maintenance of cooling and ventilation systems, pad care etc. Greenhouse heating – necessity,
components, methods, design of heating system. Root media – types – soil and soil less media,
composition, estimation, preparation and disinfection, bed preparation. Planting techniques in green
house cultivation. Irrigation in greenhouse and net house – water quality, types of irrigation system,
components, design, installation and material requirement. Fogging system for greenhouses and net
houses – introduction, benefits, design, installation and material requirement. Maintenance of irrigation
and fogging systems. Fertilization – nutrient deficiency symptoms and functions of essential nutrient
elements, principles of selection of proper application of fertilizers, fertilizer scheduling, rate of
application of fertilizers, methods, automated fertilizer application. Greenhouse climate measurement,
control and management. Insect and disease management in greenhouse and net houses selection of
crops for greenhouse cultivation, major crops in greenhouse – irrigation requirement, fertilizer
management, cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest techniques; economic analysis.
Practical
Estimation of material requirement for construction of greenhouse ; determination of fertilization
schedule and rate of application for various crops; estimation of material requirement for preparation
of root media; root media preparation, bed preparation and disinfections; study of different planting
techniques ; design and installation of irrigation system; design and installation of fogging system ;
greenhouse heating; study of different greenhouse environment control instruments; study of operation
maintenance and fault detection in irrigation system; study of operation maintenance and fault
detection in fogging system; economic analysis of greenhouses and net houses; visit to greenhouses.
Class. Practical
1 Visit to a functional greenhouse/poly house/shade house
2 Planning and layout of green house, construction materials
3 Measurement of temperature using thermometer, thermocouple
4 Measurement of humidity, air velocity, solar radiation inside a green house
5 Use of psychometric charts
6 Calculation of environmental indices inside a green house
7 Preparation of root media
8 Study of drip system with fertigation
9 Study of micro-sprinklers in a green house
10 Study of fault detection in the irrigation system
11 Visit to the hardening chamber
12 Study different greenhouse materials
13 Study of LDPE sheet/shade net properties
14 Structural analysis of a green house
15 Economic analysis of a green house
16 Use of green house in precision farming
References
1. Singh Brahma and Balraj Singh. 2014. Advances in protected cultivation, New India
Publishing Company.
2. Sharma P. 2007. Precision Farming. Daya Publishing House New Delhi.
3. Green house Technology, the future concept of Horticulture by Arupratan Ghosh, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.
4. Green house Technology for Controlled Environment by G.N.Tiwari, Narosa Pub. House Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
Plastic Applications in Agriculture
1. Course No :ASCE-423(E)
2. Course title :Plastic Applications in Agriculture
3. Credit hours :3(2+1)
4. Class :4th year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester :2nd Semester
6. General objective :To make students familiar with different applications of plastics in
agriculture and allied sectors
7. Specific Objectives
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Understand the importance of plastics in soil and water conservation, precision
agriculture, and post-harvest management
Know about various applications in moisture conservation, canal and pond lining, use of
plastic pipes in irrigation and drainage
Know about soil solarisation, mulching, covering materials in green houses
Know about shade houses, poly houses, surface covered cultivation
Know about plastic fencing, nets for insects, birds etc.
Food grain structures, packaging materials, aquaculture, use in silo etc.
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know about different plastic films materials used for canal, pond lining and the
methods of laying
Know about laying of PVC pipes in drip and sprinkler systems
Know about giving lay out, location and planning of green, poly and shade net houses
Know about different plastic packaging materials
Know about use of plastics in nursery, plant protection, inland fisheries and animal
shelters
Different test of plastic materials used in agriculture
Visit to the nearby fields of drip and sprinkler irrigation/green house/farmer’s field to
observe use of plastics in the field.
Theory
Introduction of plasticulture - types and quality of plastics used in soil and water conservation,
production agriculture and post harvest management. Quality control measures. Present status and
future prospective of plasticulture in India. Water management - use of plastics in in-situ moisture
conservation and rain water harvesting. Plastic film lining in canal, pond and reservoir. Plastic pipes
for irrigation water management, bore-well casing and subsurface drainage. Drip and sprinkler
irrigation systems. Use of polymers in control of percolation losses in fields. Soil conditioning - soil
solarisation, effects of different colour plastic mulching in surface covered cultivation. Nursery
management - Use of plastics in nursery raising, nursery bags, trays etc. Controlled environmental
cultivation - plastics as cladding material, green / poly / shade net houses, wind breaks, poly tunnels
and crop covers. Plastic nets for crop protection - anti insect nets, bird protection nets. Plastic fencing.
Plastics in drying, preservation, handling and storage of agricultural produce, innovative plastic
packaging solutions for processed food products. Plastic cap covers for storage of food grains in open.
Use of plastics as alternate material for manufacturing farm equipment and machinery. Plastics for
aquacultural engineering and animal husbandry - animal shelters, vermi-beds and inland fisheries.
Silage film technique for fodder preservation. Agencies involved in the promotion of plasticulture in
agriculture at national and state level. Human resource development in plasticutlure applications.
Practical
Design, estimation and laying of plastic films in lining of canal, reservoir and water harvesting ponds.
Study of plastic components of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, laying and flushing of laterals.
Study of components of subsurface drainage system. Study of different colour plastic mulch laying.
Design, estimation and installation of green, poly and shade net houses, low tunnels etc. Study on cap
covers for food grain storage, innovative packaging solutions - leno bags, crates, bins, boxes, vacuum
packing, unit packaging, CAS and MAP and estimation. Study on use of plastics in nursery, plant
protection, inland fisheries, animal shelters, preparation of vermi-bed and silage film for fodder
preservation. Study of plastic parts in making farm machinery. Visits to nearby manufacturing
units/dealers of PVC pipes, drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, greenhouse/ polyhouse/ shadehouse/
nethouse etc. Visits to farmers’ fields with these installations.
Class Practical
1 Laying of plastic films in canals
2 Laying of plastic films in ponds and reservoirs
3 Laying of LDPE films for mulching
4 Study of components and lay out of drip system
5 Study of components and lay out of sprinkler system
6 Study of different coloured shade nets
7 Design, estimation and installation of poly houses
8 Study of different packaging, leno bags, crates, bins, boxes, etc.
9 Study of plastics used in nursery
10 Study of plant protection materials, bird nets, insect nets
11 Study of different fishery nets, crates used for inland fishery
12 Study of different farm machinery equipments
13 Study of –do-
14 Visit to green houses/shade houses
15 -do-
16 Visit to farmer’s field to watch use of plastics
References
1. Brahma Singh, Balraj Singh, Naved Sabir and Murtaza Hasan. 2014 Advances in Protected
Cultivation. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
1. Brown, R.P. 2004. Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture. RAPRA Review Reports :
Vol. 15, No. 2, RAPRA Technology Limited, U.K.
2. Central Pollution Control Board. 2012. Material on Plastic Waste Management. Parivesh
Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032.
3. Charles A. Harper. 2006. Handbook of Plastics Technologies. The Complete Guide to
Properties and Performance. McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
4. Dubois. 1978. Plastics in Agriculture. Applied Science Publishers Limited, Essex, England.
5. Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy. 2008. Plastics Fundamentals, Properties, and Testing. CRC
Press.
6. Ojha,T.P. and Michael, A.M., 2012, Principles of Agricultural Engineering - I. Jain Brothers,
Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
7. Pandey, P.H. 2014. Principles and Practices of Agricultural Structures and Environmental
Control. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
8. Shankar, A.N. 2014. Integrated Horticulture Development in Eastern Himalayas, Plasticulture
in Agri-Horticulture Systems, 241-247.
9. Srivastava, R.K., R.C. Maheswari, T.P. Ojha, and A. Alam. 1988. Plastics in Agriculture. Jain
Brothers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
6. General objective : To impart knowledge and skill to students on food quality, food safety,
hazards associated, prevention and different food laws.
7. Specific Objective :By the end of the course students should be able to know
1. Concept and aim of food quality
2. Different hazards and their prevention
3. Different methods for measuring food quality
4. National and International food laws and regulations
Theory
Basics of food science and food analysis; concept, objectives and need of food quality; quality control,
quality control tools; statistical quality control; sampling: purpose, sampling techniques, sampling
procedures for liquid, powdered and granular materials; instrumental method for testing food quality;
measurement of colour, flavour, consistency, viscosity, texture and their relationship with food quality
and composition; sensory evaluation methods, panel selection methods, interpretation of sensory
results; food hazards and food safety; food safety management systems GAP, GHP, GMP, TQM,
TQC; Hazards and HACCP (Hazard analysis and critical control point), Sanitation in food industry
(SSOP); food laws and regulations in india (FSSAI); international food standards (ISO-22000, CAC);
traceability; bio safety and bioterrorism
Practical
Case study of statistical process control in food processing industry; study of sampling techniques from
food processing establishments; study of registration process and licensing procedure under FSSAI;
examination of cereals & pulses from one of go-downs and market shops in relation to FSSAI
specifications; detection of adulteration and examination of ghee for various standards of FSSAI;
detection of adulteration and examination of spices for FSSAI standards; detection of adulteration and
examination of milk and milk products for FSSAI standards; detection of adulteration in fruit products
such as jam, jelly, marmalades as per FSSAI specification; visit to quality control laboratory; visit to
food processing laboratory and study of records and reports maintained by food processing laboratory.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Le Chapter Details
c
1. Basics of Food Science Food components, basic food categories, nutritional and functional
benefits
2. Basic elements of carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamin and minerals
6. Food Quality Control Product quality standards, total quality management (TQM) and total
and Management quality control (TQC)
7. Quality control tools Pareto analysis, check sheets, histograms, scatter diagrams,
flowcharts, control charts, fishbone diagram
8. Statistical Quality Traditional statistical tools, acceptance sampling and statistical
Control process control, measures of central tendencies, curve distribution
9. Statistical Quality Concept of control charts, confidence limits, variability and
Control significance
10. Sampling Sampling purpose and sampling procedures sampling, devices used,
advantages & limitations
11. Sampling for physical and chemical analysis
Gas chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Affective evaluation
17. Interpretation of Statistical and graphical analysis of data, inference of the sensory
sensory results evaluation
18. Food hazards and food Food hazard
safety
Hazard characterization
Source of contamination
21. Good hygenic practice, implementation and guidance tools for FSMS
Sanitizing methods
Cleaners & sanitizers
Cleaning procedure
26. Food Laws and Different food laws and regulation in India
Regulations in
Objective & functions of FSSAI
India(FSSAI)
Organisational structure and mechanism of regulation of FSSAI
Class Practical
6. Examination of cereals & pulses from one of go-downs and market shops in relation to
FSSAI specifications;
10. Detection of adulteration and examination of milk and milk products for FSSAI standards;
11. Detection of adulteration in fruit products such as jam, jelly, marmalades as per FSSAI
specification;
13. Visit to food processing laboratory and study of records and reports maintained by food
processing laboratory.
References
1. Ranganna S. Hand book of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruit and Vegetable Products.
2. Norman N. Potter and Joseph H. Hotchikss. Food Science. Chapman and Hall Pub.
3. Acharya, K T Everyday Indian Processed foods. National Book Trust.
4. Mudambi Sumati R., Shalini M. Rao and M V Rajgopal. Food Science. New Age International
Publishers.
5. Negi H.P.S., Savita Sharma, K. S. Sekhon. Hand book of Cereal technology. Kalyani Pub.
6. Srivastava R.P. & Kumar Sanjeev. Fruit and Vegetable Preservation: Principles and Practices.
International Book Distributing Company
3 Requirements of plant building and its Requirements of plant building and its
components, flow diagram, selection components
of equipments, processes and controls
4 Classification of food industries, Flow
diagrams, selection of equipments
5 Processes and controls Production process, Process and controls,
process planning and process selection
10 Objectives and principles of food plant Objectives and principles of food plant
layout layout, symptoms of poor plat layout
22 SWOT analysis, generation, incubation SWOT analysis and Indian food business
and commercialization of ideas and scenario, generation, incubation and
innovations commercialization of ideas and
innovations
25 Food Business Analysis and Strategic Food Business Analysis and Strategic
Planning Planning
27 Government schemes and incentive for Government schemes and incentive for
promotion of entrepreneurship promotion of entrepreneurship
28 Govt. policy on small and medium Govt. policy on small and medium scale
scale food processing enterprise food processing enterprise
29 Export and import policies relevant to Export and import policies relevant to food
food processing sector processing sector
Class Practical
7. Salient features, design and layout of Bakery and related product plant,
9. Group discussion
10. Study of different types of records relating to production of a food plant,
13. Brain storming and SWOT analysis to start a food processing business.
References
1. Hall, H.S. and Rosen, Y.S. (1976). Milk Plant Layout. FAO Publication, Rome.
2. López Antonio. Gómez. (2005). Food Plant Design.
3. Robberts Theunis C. (2016). Food plant engineering systems by, CRC Press, Washington.
4. Maroulis Z B and Saravacos G D. (2008). Food plant economics. Taylor and Francis, LLC
5. Mahajan M. (1995). Operations Research. Dhanpat Rai and Company Private Limited, Delhi
6. Maroulis Z B. (2003). Food Process Design. Marcel Dekker, Inc ,Cimarron Road, Monticello,
New York 12701, USA.
5 Packaging systems, types: flexible and Packaging systems, types: flexible and rigid;
rigid; retail and bulk; levels of retail and bulk; levels of packaging.
packaging,
6 Different types of packaging materials, Different types of packaging materials, their
their key properties and applications key properties and applications.
7 Metal cans, manufacture of two piece Metals used in packaging, aluminum foil, tin,
and three piece cans, tin plate, tin coating, electrolytic chromium
coated steel, lacquering.
8 Metal cans, manufacture of two piece and three
piece cans.
9 Manufacture of plastic packaging Plastic packaging, different types of polymers
materials, profile extrusion, blown film/ and laminationused in food packaging and their
sheet extrusion, blow molding, barrier properties.
10 extrusion blow molding, injection blow Manufacture of plastic packaging materials,
molding, stretch blow molding, profile extrusion, blown film/ sheet extrusion,
injection molding. blow molding, extrusion blow molding,
injection blow molding, stretch blow molding,
injection molding.
11 Glass containers, types of glass used in Glass containers, types of glass used in food
food packaging, manufacture of glass packaging, manufacture of glass and glass
and glass containers, closures for glass containers, closures for glass containers.
containers.
12 Paper and paper board packaging, Paper and paper board packaging, paper and
paper and paper board manufacture paper board manufacture process, modification
process, modification of barrier of barrier properties and characteristics of
properties and characteristics of paper/ paper/ boards.
boards.
13 Other packaging materials Other packaging materials: edible films,
laminates, retortable pouches and trays, cloth
materials, wooden containers, composite
containers, regenerated cellulose, cellulose
acetate.
14 Retort pouches: introduction, manufacturing of
pouches, filling and sealing, quality
assurance, shelf life.
15 Relative disadvantages of different Relative advantages of different packaging
packaging materials materials; effect of these materials on packed
commodities. Retortable pouches, advantages
of retortable pouches, advantages of glass,
metals, advantages of metal containers, plastic,
advantages of plastics, paper, advantages of
paper packaging.
16 Relative disadvantages of different packaging
materials; effect of these materials on packed
commodities. Disadvantages of glass, metals,
disadvantages of metal, plastic, disadvantages
of plastic, retortable pouches, disadvantage of
retortable pouches.
17 Nutritional labeling on packages Nutritional labeling on packages, purpose of
labels, decoration, warning, identification,
types of labels, plain paper labels, pre gummed
paper labels, thermoplastic labels, pressure
sensitive labels, swing labels.
18 CAS & MAP Controlled atmospheric storage and modified
atmospheric packaging.
19 Shrink and cling packaging Shrink and cling packaging, shrink packaging,
plastics used for shrink wrapping,
polypropylene, poly vinyl chloride,
polyethylene.
20 Vacuum and gas packaging Vacuum and gas packaging, gas flushing,
compensated vacuum, the evacuation stage, gas
flushing stage.
21 Active packaging, Smart packaging, Active packaging, smart packaging.
22 Packaging requirement for raw and Packaging requirement for raw and processed
processed foods, and their selection of foods, and their selection of packaging
packaging materials materials.
23 Factors affecting the choice of Effect of packaging materials on food
packaging materials commodities: packaging materials for cereals
and snack foods, packaging materials for
carbonated beverages, metal cans, glass bottles,
pet bottles.
24 Packaging materials for milk powders, metal
cans, multilayer pouches, packaging materials
for vegetables oils, metal, glass bottles, plastic
bottles, multilayer pouches.
25 Economics of plastic packaging: introduction,
economic factors of plastic packages,
development cost, one- time costs, package
material costs, packaging machinery costs other
than one-time, packaging process costs,
distribution costs, main factors for cost analysis
of plastic package, rigid container, injection
molding (im), blow molding, thermoforming.
26 Factors affecting the choice of Factors affecting the choice of packaging
packaging materials materials.
27 Disposal and recycle of packaging Disposal and recycle of packaging waste.
waste
28 Package testing: Testing methods for Package testing: testing methods for flexible
flexible materials, rigid materials and materials, rigid materials and semi rigid
semi rigid materials; materials.
29 Tests for paper (thickness, bursting Tests for paper (thickness, bursting strength,
strength, breaking length, stiffness, tear breaking length, stiffness, tear resistance,
resistance, folding endurance, ply bond folding endurance, ply bond test, surface oil
test, surface oil absorption test, etc. absorption test, etc.
30 Tests for plastic film and laminates Tests for plastic film and laminates (thickness,
(thickness, tensile strength, gloss, haze, tensile strength, gloss, haze, burning test to
burning test to identify polymer, etc.), identify polymer, etc.).
31 Tests for glass containers (visual Tests for glass containers (visual defects,
defects, colour, dimensions, impact colour, dimensions, impact strength, etc.), foil
strength, etc.), foil (thickness, pin (thickness, pin holes, etc.
holes, etc
32 Tests for metal containers (pressure Tests for metal containers (pressure test,
test, product compatibility, etc.) product compatibility, etc.).
(B)Practical Class Outlne
Class Practical
References
1. Coles R, McDowell D, Kirwan, M J. (2003). Food Packaging Technology. Blackwell
Publishing Co.
2. Gordon L. Robertson. (2005). Food Packaging: Principles and Practice. Second Edition. Taylor
and Francis
3. Gosby N.T. (2001). Food packaging materials. Applied Science Publication
4. John, P J .(2008). A Handbook on Food Packaging Narendra Publishing House,
5. Mahadevia M, Gowramma RV. (2007). Food packaging materials. Tata McGrew Hill
6. Robertson G L. (2001). Food Packaging and Shelf life: A Practical Guide. Narendra Publishing
House
(b)Practical
By the end of practical exercises, the students will be able to
i. Know the operations and equipment used in food processing industries
ii. Have a basic understanding of process technologies for processing ofcereals, pulses, oilseeds,
vegetables, fruits, milk, fish, meat and poultry
Theory
Process flow chart with mass and energy balance, unit operations and equipments for processing,
process of new product development, technology for value added products from cereal, pulses and oil
seeds, milled, puffed, flaked, roasted and malted products, value addition of millets, bakery products,
snack food. Extruded products, technology for value added products from fruits, vegetables and spices,
value addition of forest produce as mahua and tamarind, canned foods, frozen foods, dried and fried
foods, fruit juices, sauce, sugar based confectionery, candy, fermented food product, spice extracts,
technology for animal produce processing, meat, poultry, fish, egg products, health food, nutra-
ceuticals and functional food, organic food.
Practical
Process design and process flow chart preparation, preparation of different value added products, Visit
to roller wheat flour milling, rice milling, spice grinding mill, milk plant, dal and oil mill,
fruit/vegetable processing plants & study of operations and machinery, Process flow diagram and study
of various models of the machines used in a sugar mill.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
References
1. Geankoplis C. J. Transport processes and unit operations, Prentice-Hall.
2. Rao, D. G. Fundamentals of Food Engineering PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Norman N. Potter and Joseph H. Hotchkiss. Food Science. Chapman and Hall Pub.
4. Acharya, K T. Everyday Indian Processed foods. National Book Trust.
5. MudambiSumati R., Shalini M. Rao and M V Rajgopal. Food Science. New Age International
Publishers.
6. Negi H.P.S., Savita Sharma, K. S. Sekhon. Hand book of Cereal Technology. Kalyani Pub.
7. Srivastava R.P. & Kumar Sanjeev. Fruit and Vegetable Preservation: Principles and Practices.
International Book Distributing Company
Process Equipment Design
1. Course no. : PFE -425(E)
2. Course title : Process Equipment Design
3. Credit hours : 3(2+1)
4. Class : 4th year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General objective :To impart knowledge and skill to the students on design of different
process equipments
7. Specific Objectives:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know the basics of design parameters and procedure
Understand the theory and principles for design of different process equipments
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Develop the skill of designing different process equipments
Solve design problems
Theory
Introduction on process equipment design, application of design engineering for processing
equipments, design parameters and general design procedure; material specification, types of material
for process equipments; design codes, pressure vessel design; design of cleaners; design of tubular heat
exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger; design of belt conveyer, screw
conveyer and bucket elevator; design of grain dryers; design of milling equipments; optimization of
design with respect to process efficiency, energy and cost; computer aided design
Practical
Design of pressure vessel, design of cleaners, design of milling equipments, design of tubular heat
exchanger, shell and tube type heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, design of grain dryer, design of
belt conveyor, bucket elevator, screw conveyor.
23 Types of grain dryers, factors for design of grain dryer, heat and
Design of
mass balance in a dryer, air flow requirement
grain Dryers
24 Design of RPEC dryer
25 Design of LSU dryer
26 Design of Introduction to size reduction, size reduction laws such as
milling Rittinger, kick and bond’s law for power requirement
27 equipments Different milling equipments, effectiveness of different milling,
, critical speed of ball mill
Class Practicals
1. Design of pressure vessel
2. Study of cleaners
3. Design of cleaners
4. Study of milling equipments
5. Design of milling equipments
6. Design of tubular heat exchanger,
7. Design of shell and tube type heat exchanger,
8. Design of plate heat exchanger,
9. Design of RPEC grain dryer
10. Design of LSU grain dryer
11. Study of food dryers
12. Study of conveyors and elevators
13. Design of belt conveyor,
14. Design of bucket elevator,
15. Design of screw conveyor
16. Computer Aided Design
References
1. Mahajani, V. V. and Umarji, S. B., Process equipment design, Macmillan.
2. Bhattacharyya, B. C., Introduction to Chemical Equipment Design, CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New-Delhi.
3. Rao, D. G. Fundamentals of Food Engineering PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
4. Dawande, S.D. 1999. Process Design of Equipments, Central Techno Publication, Nagpur
5. Chakraverty, A. 1999. Post Harvest Technology of cereals, pulses and oilseeds. Oxford & IBH
publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Geankoplis C. J. 2002. Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
7. McCabe, W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriott, P. Unit operations of Chemical Engineering. McGraw
Hill.
Theory
Introduction to mechanics of tillage tools, engineering properties of soil, principles and concepts,
stress strain relationship, design of tillage tools principles of soil cutting, design equation, force
analysis, application of dimensional analysis in soil dynamics and traction prediction equation.
Introduction to traction and mechanics, off road traction and mobility, traction model, traction
improvement, tyres-functions, size, lug geometry and their effects, tyre selection and testing, soil
compaction and plant growth, variability and application of GIS in soil dynamics.
Practical
Measurement of static and dynamic soil parameters related to tillage, soil parameters related to
puddling and floatation, draft for passive rotary and oscillating tools, slip and sinkage under dry and
wet soil conditions and load and fuel consumption for different farm operations; Weight transfer and
tractor loading including placement and traction aids; Studies on tyres, tracks and treads under
different conditions, and soil compaction and number of operations.
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Class practical
1 Determination of moisture content of given soil at friable state and at plastic state.
2 Determination of swell index of soil
3 Measurement of soil strength by cone penetrometer
4 Measurement of soil compaction by use of tractor
5 Measurement of shear force of soil
6 Study of different types of tractor tyres and determination of tyre specification
7 Method of wheel ballasting of tractor to increase traction
8 Measurement of rolling radius of tyre
9 Measurement of different performance parameters of tillage tools
10 Calculation of slip of tractor tyre in the field at different loading condition.
11-12 Study of soil bin and techniques of measurement of various parameters.
REFERENCE BOOKS/Web portals
1. Gill and Vandenberg.1968. Soil Dyanamics in Tillage and Traction. Agricultural Research
Service, USDA, Govt. Printing Press, Washington, D.C.
2. Macmillan, R.H.2002. The Mechanics of Tractor-Implement Performance. International
Development Technologies Centre, University of Melbourne.
3. Terzaghi, K and P. Ralph B. 1967. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practices. John Willey &
Sons.
4. ASAE Distinguished Lecture series on Tillage and Traction
5. ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/cdrom/fao_training/fao_training/general/x6706e/x6706e08.htm
6. FAO Soil portal http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-properties/physical-
properties/en/
(a) Theory
By the end of the course the students will be able to
(i) Design farm machinery
(ii) Understand the production principles.
(b) Practical
By the end of the course the students will be able to
(i) Design different fam machinery
(ii) fabricate and produce different machines
Theory
Introduction to design parameters of agricultural machines & design procedure. Characteristics of
farm machinery design. Research and development aspects of farm machinery. Design of standard
power transmission components used in agricultural machines: mechanical & hydraulic units.
Introduction to safety in power transmission. Application of design principles to the systems of
selected farm machines such as design of disc plough, cultivator, seed drill, reaper, thresher and digger.
Critical appraisal in production of agricultural machinery; advances in material used for agricultural
machinery. Cutting tools including CNC tools and finishing tools, heat treatment of steels including
pack carburizing, shot pining process, etc. Limits, fits & tolerances, jigs & fixtures. Industrial lay-out
planning, quality production management. Reliability. Economics of process selection. Familiarization
with project report.
Practical
Familiarization with different design aspects of farm machinery and selected components. Solving
design problems on farm machines & equipment. Visit to agricultural machinery manufacturing
industry, tractor manufacturing industry. Jigs and fixtures – study in relation to agricultural machinery.
Fits, tolerances and limits; layout planning of a small scale industry; problems on economics of process
selection; preparation of a project report; case study for manufacturing of simple agricultural
machinery.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Introduction Introduction to design parameters of
agricultural machines
2 Introduction to design procedure
3 Characteristics of farm Characteristics of farm machinery design-I
machinery design
4 Characteristics of farm machinery design-I
5 Research and Development Research and development aspects of farm
machinery.
6 Design of Power transmission Design of standard power transmission
System components used in agricultural machines:
7 Design of mechanical & hydraulic units.
8 Safety in Power Transmission Introduction to safety in power transmission
9 Application of Design Principles Application of design principles to the
systems of selected farm machines such as
design of disc plough,
10 Application of design principles to the
systems of selected farm machines such as
design of mould board plough
11 Application of design principles to the
systems of cultivator.
12 Application of design principles to the
systems of seed drill,
13 Application of design principles to the
systems of reaper,
14 Application of design principles to the
systems of thresher
15 Application of design principles to the
systems of and digger.
16 Working with numerical involving farm
machinery Design
17 Working with numerical involving farm
machinery Design
18 Material in farm Machinery Critical appraisal in production of Agricultural
Design Machinery;
19 Advances in material used for agricultural
machinery.
20 Tool selection
Cutting tools including CNC tools. and
21 finishing tools
22 Heat treatment Heat Treatment Principle.
23 Carbon iron phase diagram
24 Heat Treatment of steels including pack
carburizing, shot pining process, etc.
25 Limits and Fits and Tolerance Limits, Fits & Tolerances,
26 Jigs & Fixtures. Jigs & Fixtures.
27 Lay out planning Industrial lay-out planning.
28 Production Management-I Quality production management.
29 Reliability in Farm Machinery Reliability.
Design
30 Economics of Farm Machinery Economics of process selection.
Production
31 Project Formulation Familiarization with Project Fomulation
32 Project Report Writing Familiarization with Project Report
(B)Practical Class Outline
Class Major subject of study Practical
01 Familiarization with different
Familiarization with different design
design aspects of farm
aspects of farm machinery
machinery
02
Familiarization with different design
aspects of m b plough
03
Familiarization with different design
aspects of disc plough
04
Familiarization with different design
aspects of cultivator.
05
Familiarization with different design
aspects of threshers
06
Familiarization with different design
aspects of sowing equipment
07
Familiarization with different design
aspects of reaper/harvesters.
08 Solving design problems on farm machines
& equipment.
09 Field visit Visit to Agricultural machinery
manufacturing industry,
10 Visit to Tractor manufacturing industry.
11 Jigs and Fixtures Jigs and Fixtures – study in relation to
agricultural machinery.
12 Fits, tolerances and limits; Fits, tolerances and limits;
13 Layout planning Layout planning of a small scale industry;
14 Economics of process selection Problems on Economics of process
selection;
15 Preparation of a project report Preparation of a project report;
16 Case study Case study for manufacturing of simple
agricultural machinery
References
1. Sharma P C and D K Aggarwal. Machine Design. S K Kataria & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Sharma, D N and Mukesh, S. Farm Machinery Design. Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
3. Richey, C.B. Agricultural Engineering Handbook.
4. Adinath M and AB Gupta. Manufacturing Technology.
5. Narula V. Manufacturing processes. S K Kataria & Sons, New Delhi
6. Singh S. Mechanical Engineer’s Handbook. Khanna Publications, New Delhi.
Human Engineering and Safety
1. Course No. : FMPE- 423(E)
2. Course title : Human Engineering and Safety
3. Credit hours : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 4th year B.Tech ( Agril. Engg)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
4. General objective : To impart knowledge and skill to the students on Human
Engineering and its application.
5. Specific Objectives :
(a)Theory :
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Importance of Human Factors / Human Engineering
Its benefit for Farm Machine Design.
Understanding the objective & its application.
Understanding Physiological parameters involved in Human Engineering.
Implementation of ODMR and other safety aspects in farm operation.
(b)Practical :
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Determine the VO2 max in the laboratory by using Bi-cycle ergo meter & Tread mill.
Measurement of Energy Expenditure Rate (EER) of different farm operations.
Use of different Subject Rating Scales.
Measurement of different Anthropometric parameters for deigning of farm tools /
equipment.
Study of drudgery of farm workers.
Theory
Human factors in system development – concept of systems; basic processes in system development,
performance reliability, human performance. Information input process, visual displays, major types
and use of displays, auditory displays. Speech communications. Biomechanics of motion, types of
movements, range of movements, strength and endurance, speed and accuracy, human control of
systems. Human motor activities, controls, tools and related devices. Anthropometry: arrangement and
utilization of work space, atmospheric conditions, thermo-regulation in human, thermal comfort,
environmental factors, air pollution, dangerous machine (regulation) act, rehabilitation and
compensation to accident victims, safety gadgets for spraying, threshing, chaff cutting and tractor &
trailer operation etc.
Practical
Calibration of the subject in the laboratory using bi-cycle ergo-meter. Study and calibration of the
subject in the laboratory using mechanical treadmill; use of respiration gas meter from human energy
point of view. Use of heart rate monitor. Study of general fatigue of the subject. Using blink ratio
method, anthropometric measurements of a selected subject. Optimum work space layout and locations
of controls for different tractors. Familiarization with the noise and vibration equipment.
Familiarization with safety gadgets for various farm machines. Studies on drudgery of farm women in
manual drawn equipment.
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Basic Importance of the human factors. How it is beneficial for the
Introduction farm machinery design.
2 Human factors Human factors defined, focus of human factors, manual,
in system mechanical,
3 development Objectives of human factors its approach, history, system
(human-machine system),
4 Automated system. Information storage, information
processing. Action function.
5 Human Concept on information, displaying information,
Performance
Class Practical
1-2 Calibration of the subject in the laboratory using bi-cycle ergo-meter.
3-4 Study and calibration of the subject in the laboratory using mechanical treadmill;
5 Use of respiration gas meter from human energy point of view.
6 Use of heart rate monitor in different farm operations.
7-8 Use of different subject rating scales.
9-11 Anthropometric measurements of a selected subjects.
12 Optimum work space layout and locations of controls for different tractors.
13 Familiarization with the noise and vibration equipment.
14-15 Familiarization with safety gadgets for various power driven equipment.
16 Studies of drudgery of farm women in manual drawn equipment.
References
1. Chapanis A. 1996. Human Factors in System Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Dul J. and Weerdmeester B. 1993. Ergonomics for Beginner. A Quick Reference Guide. Taylor
and Francis, London.
3. Mathews J. and Knight A.A. 1971. Ergonomics in Agricultural Equipment Design. National
Institute of Agricultural Engineering.
4. Astrand P. and Rodhal K. 1977. Textbook of Work Physiology. Mc Hill Corporation, New
York.
5. Mark S. Sanders and Ernest James McCormick. 1993. Human Factors in Engineering and
Design. Mc Hill Corporation, New York.
6. Keegan J J, Radke AO. 1964. Designing Vehicle seats for greater comfort. SAE Journal; 72:
50-5.
7. Yadav R. Tewari V.K., 1998. Tractor operator workspace design – a review. Journal of Terra
mechanics 35 : 41-53.
Tractor Design and Testing
1. Course No. : FMPE- 424(E)
2. Course Title : Tractor Design and Testing
3. Credit Hours : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 4th Year B. Tech (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General objectives : To impart knowledge on design and testing principles of Agricultural
Tractors
7. Specific objectives
(a) Theory
By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
Design of clutch
Design of Gear box
Selection of Tractor Tyres
Design of Governor
Design of hydraulic pump
BIS test procedure for engine power test and other tests
Air cleaner and noise test of tractor etc.
Theory
Procedure for design and development of agricultural tractor, study of parameters for balanced design
of tractor for stability & weight distribution, traction theory, hydraulic lift and hitch system design.
Design of mechanical power transmission in agricultural tractors: single disc, multi disc and cone
clutches. Rolling friction and anti-friction bearings. Design of Ackerman steering and tractor
hydraulic steering. Study of special design features of tractor engines and their selection viz. Cylinder,
piston, piston pin, crankshaft, etc. Design of seat and controls of an agricultural tractor. Tractor testing.
Practical
Design problem of tractor clutch-(single/multiple disc clutch). Design of gear box
(synchromesh/constant mesh), variable speed constant mesh drive; selection of tractor tires. Problem
on design of governor. Design and selection of hydraulic pump. Engine testing as per BIS code.
Drawbar performance in the lab; PTO test and measure the tractor power in the lab/field; determining
the turning space, turning radius and brake test, hydraulic pump performance test and air cleaner and
noise measurement test; visit to tractor testing centre/industry.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Introductory Design considerations for tractors
2 Design principles Procedure for design and development of agricultural
tractor
3 Parameters for balanced design of tractor for stability
4 Weight distribution
5 Traction Basic concept of traction, traction members
6 Traction principle and theory
7 Rolling resistance and other terminologies
8 Hydraulics Hydraulic lift
9 TPL hitch system
10 Mechanical Power Design of clutch
Transmission
11 Single disc, multi disc clutches
12 Cone clutches
13 Rolling friction and anti-friction bearings
14 Steering Design of Ackerman steering
15 Tractor hydraulic steering
16 Special design features Selection and design principles of cylinders
17 Design principles piston and piston rings
18 Crank shaft and piston pins etc.
19
20
21 Design of governors
22 Design of turbochargers
23 Design of seat Design factors considered for tractor seat
24 Design of controls Work space design considerations
25
26 Tractor Testing Various tests on tractors and test codes
27 Power test, power curves
28 Pto power test
29 Drawbar power test
30 Hydraulic power test
31 Brake test
32 Miscellaneous test, air cleaner oil pullover test etc
(B)Practical class outline
Class Practical
1 Design problem of tractor clutch
2 Design problems of gear box
3 Design of variable speed constant mesh drive
4 Measurement of speed variation in differential
5 Speed calculation in differential and final drive
6 Selection of Tractor tyres
7 Design problem of governor
8 Drawbar performance
9 PTO test
10 Determination of turning radius
11 Turning radius and brake test
12 Hydraulic performance test
13 Air cleaner oil pull over test
14 Noise measurement
15 Field test of tractor
16 Visit to tractor testing unit
References
1. Liljedahl J B and Others. Tractors and Their Power Units. CBS Publishers, New Delhi
2. Maleev VL. Internal Combustion Engines.
3. Kirpal Singh. Automobile Engineering – Vol I and Vol II. Standard Publishers and Distributors,
New Delhi.
4. Richey C.B. Agricultural Engineering Handbook.
5. Mehta ML, SR Verma, SK Mishra, VK Sharma. Testing & Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery.
National Agricultural Technology Information Centre, Ludhiana.
6. BIS Test codes for tractor.
(b) Practical
By the end of practical exercises, the students will know
(a) Theory
By the end of the course the students will be able to
(i) Understand the principles of resource management
(ii) To apply the resource management skills in system management.
(b) Practical
By the end of the course the students will be able to
(i) To apply the resource management skills in management of agricultural machines and their
use.
Theory
Precision agriculture – need and functional requirements. Familiarization with issues relating to
natural resources. Familiarization with equipment for precision agriculture including sowing and
planting machines, power sprayers, land clearing machines, laser guided land levellers, straw-chopper,
straw-balers, grain combines, etc. Introduction to GIS based precision agriculture and its applications.
Introduction to sensors and application of sensors for data generation. Database management. System
concept. System approach in farm machinery management, problems on machinery selection,
maintenance and scheduling of operations. Application of PERT and CPM in machinery system
management
Practical
Familiarization with precision agriculture problems and issues. Familiarization with various machines
for resource conservation. Solving problems related to various capacities, pattern efficiency, system
limitation, etc. Problems related to cost analysis, inflation and problems related to selection of
equipment, replacement, break-even analysis, time value of money etc.
32 Problems on maintenance
35 Application of PERT
References
1. Kuhar J E. The Precision Farming Guide for Agriculturist.
2. Dutta SK. Soil Conservation and land management.
3. Sigma and Jagmohan. Earth Moving Machinery.
4. Wood and Stuart. Earth Moving Machinery.
5. DeMess MN. Fundamentals of Geographic Information System.
6. Hunt Donnell. Farm Power and Machinery Management.
7. Sharma DN and S Mukesh. Farm Power and Machinery Management Vol I.
8. Loomba, N Paul. Linear Programming. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Photovoltaic Technology and Systems
1. Course No : REE-421(E)
2. Course Title : Photovoltaic Technology and Systems
3. Credit hours : 3 (2+1)
4. Class : 4th year, B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objectives: This course is an introduction to the field of photovoltaics, students
interested in PV science and technology and the students who require a greater understanding of theory
to supplement their applications.
7. Specific Objectives:
Theory: By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
a) The basic elements of photovoltaics-the individual electricity-producing cell.
b) Why PV cells work, and how they are made.
c) This course cover the designs of systems constructed from individual cells-including
possible constructions for putting cells together and the equipment needed for a practical
producer of electrical energy
d) How to install the PV system both off grid and on grid
On successful completion of the teaching program, the students should be understand the details
about the PV systems
Theory
Solar PV Technology: Advantages, Limitations, Current Status of PV technology, SWOT analysis of
PV technology. Types of Solar Cell, Wafer based Silicon Cell, Thin film amorphous silicon cell Thin
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cell, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CiGS) Cell, Thin film crystalline
silicon solar cell. Solar Photo Voltaic Module: Solar cell, solar module, solar array, series & parallel
connections of cell, mismatch in cell, fill factor, effect of solar radiation and temperature on power
output of module, I-V and power curve of module. Balance of Solar PV system: solar PV system
designing and cost estimation, Introduction to batteries, battery classification, lead acid battery,
Nicked Cadmium battery, comparison of batteries, battery parameters, Charge controller: types and
function of charge controller, PWM (Pulse width modulation) type, MPPT (Maximum Power Point
Tracking) type charge controller, Converters: DC to DC converter and DC to AC type converter.
Application of Solar PV system. Solar home lighting system, solar lantern, solar fencing, solar street
light, solar water pumping system, Roof top solar photovoltaic power plant and smart grid.
Practical
Study of V-I characteristics of solar PV system, smart grid technology and application, manufacturing
technique of solar array, different DC to DC and DC to AC converter, domestic solar lighting system,
various solar module technologies, safe measurement of PV modules electrical characteristics and
Commissioning of complete solar PV system.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Overview of Need for sustainable energy sources, sustainable sun’s energy,
Solar PV history of solar cells, overview of solar photovoltaic technologies,
Technology types of solar photovoltaic systems, solar photovoltaic energy
status in India and abroad, solar photovoltaic technologies
achievements in India
2 Advantages, limitations and SWOT analysis of solar PV
technology, government initiatives for propagation of solar PV
technologies in India. Prospects of solar PV technologies,
environmental effects of solar PV technologies
3 Solar cell Types of solar cell, Thin film amorphous silicon cell Thin
technology Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cell, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
(CiGS) Cell, Thin film crystalline silicon solar cell.
4 Production of silicon wafers (mono-crystalline silicon ingots,
multi-crystalline silicon ingots, silicon sheet, silicon feedstock for
solar cell industry
5 Thin film solar cell, material for it, amorphous silicon solar cell,
material for it, structure and fabrication
6 Cadmium Telluride solar cell, Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
solar cell, materials, structure and fabrication
7 Design of solar Upper limits of cell parameters (short circuit current, open circuit
cells voltage, fill factor and efficiency), losses in solar cell
8 Solar cell design (design of high Isc, design of high Voc design for
high Fill factor)
9 Solar Solar PV modules from solar cell (series and parallel connection of
photovoltaic cells), mismatch in series connection (hot spot in module and
modules bypass diode
10 Design and structure of PV modules (number of solar cells in a
module, wattage of module, fabrication of PV module)
11 PV module power output, I-V equation of PV module, rating of
PV module, I-V and power curve of module, effect of solar
radiation and temperature on performance of module
12 Balance of solar Basics of electrochemical cell, introduction to batteries, theoretical
PV system cell voltage and capacity, losses in a cell, battery classification and
battery parameters.
13 Factor affecting battery performance, batteries for PV system
(lead-acid batteries, Nickel-Cadmium batteries), comparison of
batteries
14 DC to DC converter, Charge controller, DC to AC converter
(Inverter)
15 Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), sun tracking (single and
dual axis tracking)
16 Wires, importance of approximate choice of wire, basics of current
conduction, types of wire (single-stranded and multi-stranded
wire).
17 Wire sizing, length, operating voltage, operating current, effect of
temperature on wire selection, wire colour codes, required wire
size calculation
18 Solar PV system Types of solar PV systems (Stand alone, grid connected and hybrid
design and solar PV system), solar stand alone photovoltaic system (SPV)
integration with DC load only, DC load with battery, DC/AC load with battery
19 Solving numerical for a case example of standalone SPV system
20 Solar grid connected SPV system (SPV) with battery and without
battery storage.
21 Solving numerical for a case example of grid connected SPV
system
22 Hybrid SPV system, SPV-diesel generator hybrid system, SPV-
wind hybrid system, configuration and working of a hybrid system
23 Solving numerical for a case example of SPV-diesel generator
hybrid system
24 Solving numerical for a case example of SPV-wind hybrid system
25 Grid connected SPV system design for roof top power plant (1kW)
26 Solving numerical for a case example of SPV roof top power plant.
27 Solar Design and applications solar water pumping system
28 Photovoltaic Solving numerical for a case example of SPV water pumping
system system
29 applications Design and applications solar street lighting, solar fencing system
and solar lantern.
30 Roof top solar photovoltaic power plant and smart grid
(B)Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 To study the V-I characteristics of PV system
2 To study the smart grid technology and application1
3 To study the smart grid technology and application2
4 To study the manufacturing technique of solar array
5 To study the DC to DC converter
6 To study the DC to AC converter
7 Use of different software for designing of solar PV system
8
To study the commissioning of complete solar pv off grid system
9
To study the commissioning of complete solar pv on grid system
10
Study the performance of off grid system
11
Study the performance of on grid system
References
1. Rai GD. 1998. Non-conventional Sources of Energy. Khanna Pub.
2. Rathore N.S., Kurchania A.K., Panwar N.L. 2006. Renewable Energy: Theory & Practice,
Himanshu Publications,.
3. Solanki C.S. 2011. Solar Photovoltaic: Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, PHI
Learning Private Ltd.
4. Meinel & Meinel. Applied Solar Energy.
5. Derrick, Francis and Bokalders, Solar Photo-voltaic Products.
(a)Theory: By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
a) Calculate and analyse wind resource and energy production for a wind turbine from wind speed
distribution, wind shear and power curve
b) By and large describe and motivate the design of typical wind turbines
c) Explain the main differences between horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines regarding
design and properties
d) Make some dimensioning calculations for wind turbines
e) Describe typical control methods for wind turbines, as well as control problems
f) Give an account of how wind turbines influence the environment and are influenced by the
environment, as well as make some calculations related to environmental impact.
on successful completion of the teaching program, the students should understand the details about
the wind power systems
Theory
Aerodynamic operations of wind turbines, wind energy extraction and wind turbine power generation,
design of wind turbine rotors, estimation of wind turbine power rating, selection of optimum wind
energy generator, types of wind energy systems, wind to electrical energy conversion alternatives, grid
interfacing of a wind farm, grid connection, energy storage requirements with wind energy system,
economics of wind energy system, modes of wind power generation; stand alone mode, wind diesel
hybrid system, solar wind hybrid system, control and monitoring system of a wind farm, wind farm
siting, wind map of India, wind-electric energy stations in India.
Practical
Detailed design and drawing of wind turbine, study of horizontal axis wind turbine, study of vertical
axis wind turbine, study of variation of wind speed with elevation, study of validation of Weibull
probability density function, study of wind power density duration curve, electrical characteristics and
Commissioning of complete aero-generator wind power system, visit to a wind farm
References
1. Rai GD. 1998. Non-conventional Sources of Energy. Khanna Publisher, New Delhi.
2. A.G. Powar and A.G. Mohod. 2010. Fundamentals of wind energy utilization. Jain Brothers
Publisher, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
3. D.P. Kothari, K.C.Singal and Rakesh Ranjan. 2012. Renewable energy sources and emerging
technologies. Second edition. PHI Learning Private Limited. New delhi-110001
4. S. Rao and B.B. Parulekar. 2007. Energy Technology. 2007. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Rathore N.S., Kurchania A.K., Panwar N.L. 2006. Renewable Energy: Theory & Practice,
Himanshu Publications, Udaipur.
6. Solanki C.S. 2011. Solar Photovoltaic: Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, PHI
Learning Private Ltd. New Delhi.
(a)Theory: By the end of the course, the student will be able to understand
i) To familiarize students with the nature of agricultural wastes and their impact on the
environment.
ii) To conceptualize physical, chemical and biological bases of Ag. waste treatment
iii) To develop the students' abilities to analyse and design systems for the collection, handling,
treatment and utilization of wastes.
iv) To provide familiarization with operation of waste treatment processes
(b)Practical:
In the practical sessions the students study properties and components of waste, Ag waste to
energy using biological and thermal process
Theory
Types and formation of by-products and waste; magnitude of waste generation in different food
processing industries; uses of different agricultural by-products from rice mill, sugarcane industry, oil
mill etc., concept, scope and maintenance of waste management and effluent treatment, temperature,
ph, oxygen demands (BOD, COD), fat, oil and grease content, metal content, forms of phosphorous
and sulphur in waste waters, microbiology of waste, other ingredients like insecticide, pesticides and
fungicides residues, waste utilization in various industries, furnaces and boilers run on agricultural
wastes and by products, briquetting of biomass as fuel, production of charcoal briquette, generation of
electricity using surplus biomass, producer gas generation and utilization, waste treatment and
disposal, design, construction, operation and management of institutional community and family size
biogas plants, concept of vermi-composting, pre-treatment of waste: sedimentation, coagulation,
flocculation and floatation, secondary treatments: biological and chemical oxygen demand for different
food plant waste– trickling filters, oxidation ditches, activated sludge process, rotating biological
contractors, lagoons, tertiary treatments: advanced waste water treatment process - sand, coal and
activated carbon filters, phosphorous, sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metals removal, assessment,
treatment and disposal of solid waste; and biogas generation, effluent treatment plants, environmental
performance of food industry to comply with iso-14001 standards
Practical
Determination of temperature, pH, turbidity solids content, BOD and COD of waste water,
determination of ash content of agricultural wastes and determination of un-burnt carbon in ash, study
about briquetting of agricultural residues, estimation of excess air for better combustion of briquettes,
study of extraction of oil from rice bran, study on bioconversion of agricultural wastes, recovery of
germ and germ oil from by-products of cereals, visit to various industries using waste and food by-
products.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
28 Biogas generation
References
1. Markel, I.A. 1981. Managing Livestock Waste, AVI Publishing Co.
2. Pantastico, ECB. 1975. Post Harvest Physiology, Handling and utilization of Tropical and Sub-
tropical fruits and vegetables, AVI Pub. Co.
3. Shewfelt, R.L. and Prussi, S.E. 1992. Post-Harvest Handling – A Systems approach, Academic
Press Inc.
4. USDA. 1992. Agricultural Waste Management Field Hand book. USDA, Washington DC.
5. Weichmann J. 1987. Post Harvest Physiology of vegetables, Marcel and Dekker Verlag.
6. V.K. Joshi & S.K. Sharma. Food Processing Waste Management: Treatment & Utilization.
New India Publishing Agency.
7. Vasso Oreopoulou and Winfried Russ (Edited). 2007. Utilization of By-products and Treatment
of waste in the Food Industry. Springer Science & Business media, LLC 233 New York.
8. Prashar, Anupama and Bansal, Pratibha. 2007-08. Industrial Safety and Environment. S.K.
Kataria and sons, New Delhi
9. Garg, S K. 1998. Environmental Engineering (Vol. II) – Sewage Disposal and Air Pollution
Engineering. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
10. Bhatia, S.C.. 2001. Environmental Pollution and Control in Chemical Process Industries.
Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
Practical
Determination of flood stage-discharge relationship in a watershed. Determination of flood peak-area
relationships. Determination of frequency distribution functions for extreme flood values using
Gumbel’s method. Determination of confidence limits of the flood peak estimates for Gumbel’s
extreme value distribution. Determination of frequency distribution functions for extreme flood values
using log-Pearson Type-III distribution. Determination of probable maximum flood, standard project
flood and spillway design flood. Design of levees for flood control. Designing, planning and cost-
benefit analysis of a flood control project. Design of earthen dams. Determination of the position of
phreatic line in earth dams for various conditions, stability analysis of earthen dams against head water
pressure, foundation shear, sudden draw down condition etc. Stability of slopes of earth dams by
friction circle and other methods. Construction of flow net for isotropic and anisotropic media.
Computation of seepage by different methods. Determination of settlement of earth dam. Input-output-
storage relationships by reservoir routing. Visit to sites of earthen dam and water harvesting
structures.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Introduction What is flood? Causes of occurrence of flood
2 Classifications of flood; probable maximum flood, standard
project flood, design flood
3 Flood Estimation Flood estimation - methods of estimation of flood magnitude
4 Estimation of flood peak values- rational method
5 Estimation of flood peaks by empirical methods,
6 Estimation of flood peaks by unit hydrograph method
7 Flood estimation: Estimation of floods by flood frequency methods - log normal
8 Frequency Analysis Estimation of floods by flood frequency methods - Gumbel’s
extreme value
9 Estimation of floods by flood frequency methods - log-Pearson
type-III distribution
10 Flood: depth-area-duration analysis
11 Flood Routing Flood routing - channel routing
12 Flood routing - channel routing
13 Muskingum method of flood routing
14 Reservoir routing, modified Pul’s method
15 Flood Control and Flood forecasting
16 Measures Flood control - history of flood control
17 Structural and non-structural measures of flood control
18 Storage and detention reservoirs, levees and channel
improvement
19 Gully erosion and its control structures - design and
implementation.
20 Gully erosion and its control structures - design and
implementation.
21 Planning of flood control projects and their economics
22 Earthen Earthen embankments - functions, classification - hydraulic fill
Embankments/Dams and rolled fill dams - homogeneous, zoned and diaphragm type
23 Foundation requirements, grouting,
24 Seepage through dams
25 Flow net and its properties, seepage pressure, seepage line in
composite earth embankments
26 Drainage filters, piping and its causes
27 Design and construction of earthen dam
28 Design and construction of earthen dam
29 Dam Stability Stability of earthen embankments against failure by tension,
Analysis overturning, sliding etc.,
30 Stability of earthen embankments against failure by tension,
overturning, sliding etc.,
31 Stability of slopes
32 Analysis of failure of dam by different methods
(B)Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 Determination of flood stage-discharge relationship in a watershed
2 Determination of flood peak-area relationships
3 Determination of frequency distribution functions for extreme flood values using
Gumbel’s method
4 Determination of confidence limits of the flood peak estimates for Gumbel’s extreme
value distribution
5 Determination of frequency distribution functions for extreme flood values using log-
Pearson Type-III distribution
6 Determination of probable maximum flood, standard project flood and spillway
design flood
7 Design of levees for flood control
8 Designing, planning and cost- benefit analysis of a flood control project
9 Design of earthen dams
10 Determination of the position of phreatic line in earth dams for various conditions
11 Stability analysis of earthen dams against head water pressure, foundation shear,
sudden draw down condition etc
12 Stability of slopes of earth dams by friction circle and other methods
13 Construction of flow net for isotropic and anisotropic media
14 Computation of seepage by different methods
15 Input-output-storage relationships by reservoir routing
16 Visit to sites of earthen dam and water harvesting structures
References
1. Michael, A.M. and T.P. Ojha. 2003. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Volume II. 4th
Edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
2. Murthy, V.V.N. 2002. Land and Water Management Engineering. 4th Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Suresh, R. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard Publisher
Distributors, New Delhi.
4. Mutreja, K.N. 1990. Applied Hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, Delhi.
5. Subramanya, K. 2008. Engineering Hydrology. 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.,
New Delhi.
6. Bureau of Reclamation. 1987. Design of Small Dams. US Department of Interior, Washington
DC, USA.
7. Arora, K.R. 2014. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering).
Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
8. Garg, S.K. 2014. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Khanna Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
9. Stephens Tim. 2010. Manual on Small Earth Dams - A Guide to Siting, Design and
Construction. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Wasteland Development
1. Course No :SWCE 422(E)
2. Course title : Wasteland Development
3. Credit hours : 3(2+1)
4. Class : 4th year B.Tech (Agril. Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objective : (i) To enable the students to know about the different types of
wastelands
(ii) To enable the students for planning and design of different soil
and water conservation engineering measures for reclamation of
wastelands
7. Special Objective
(a) Theory
At the end of the theory course, the student will be able to know about
References
1. Abrol I P. and V. V. Dhruvanarayana. 1998. Technologies for wasteland development.
ICAR, New Delhi.
2. Ambast, S.K., S.K. Gupta and Gurcharan Singh(Eds.) 2007. Agricultural Land Drainage-
reclamation of waterlogged saline lands. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal,
Haryana
3. Hridai Ram yadav. 2013. Management of Wastelands. Concept Publishing Company. New
Delhi
4. Karthikeyan, C., K. Thangaraja, C. Cinthia Fernandez and K. Chandrakandon. 2009. Dry
land Agriculture and Wasteland Management. Atlantic Publishers and distributors Pvt. Ltd.
New delhi
5. Rattan Lal and B. A. Stewart(Ed). 2015. Soil Management of smallholder Agriculture,
Volume21 of Advances in Soil Science. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Florida,
USA.
6. Robert Malliva and ThomasMissimer. 2012. Arid Lands water evaluation and
management. Springer Heidelberg New York.
7. Viranmani, S.M. (Ed.) 2010. Degraded and wastelands of India: Status and spatial
Distribution.ICAR, New Delhi.
(a)Theory
By the end of the course, the students will be able to
(vii) Understand the IT and its application in natural resources management.
(viii) Know about internet application tools and web technology
(ix) Understand the problems and prospects of new ICT
(x) Get exposure on geospatial technology for natural resource management
(xi) Design and application of Decision support system and expert systems
(xii) Learn using models and develop software and application of decision support
systems
(b)Practical
By the end of the practical exercises, the students will learn to
i. Develop multimedia for NRM
ii. Applications of internet
iii. Database management
iv. Geo-spatial technology and its application in NRM
v. Development of DSS and application
vi. Development of mobile apps
Theory
Concept of Information Technology (IT) and its application potential. Role of IT in natural resources
management. Existing system of information generation and organizations involved in the field of land
and water management. Application and production of multimedia. Internet application tools and web
technology. Networking system of information. Problems and prospects of new information and
communication technology. Development of database concept for effective natural resources
management. Application of remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and GPS. Rational
data base management system. Object oriented approaches. Information system, decision support
systems and expert systems. Agricultural information management systems - use of mathematical
models and programmes. Application of decision support systems, multi sensor data loggers and
overview of software packages in natural resource management. Video-conferencing of scientific
information.
Practical
Multimedia production. Internet applications: E-mail, voice mail, web tools and technologies.
Handling and maintenance of new information technologies and exploiting their potentials. Exercises
on database management using database and spreadsheet programmes. Usage of remote sensing, GIS
and GPS survey in information generation and processing. Exercises on running computer software
packages dealing with water balance, crop production, land development, land and water allocation,
watershed analysis etc. Exercises on simple decision support and expert systems for management of
natural resources. Multimedia production using different softwares. Exercises on development of
information system on selected theme(s). Video-conferencing of scientific information.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Concept of Information Technology (IT) and
Introduction its application potential
2
3 Role of Information
Role of IT in natural resources management.
4 Technology in NRM
5
Information generation System of information generation
6
Extent area for land and Organizations involved in the field of land and
7
water management water management.
8 Multimedia tools and
Application and production of multimedia.
9 application
10 Internet application tools and web technology.
Web technology
11 Network system of information.
12 Communication Problems and prospects of new information
13 Technology and communication technology.
14 Development of database concept for effective
Development of database
15 natural resources management.
16 Basic information about
Basics of geospatial technology
17 RS & GIS technology
18 Application of geo-
Application of remote sensing, geographic
spatial technology in land
19 information system (GIS) and GPS.
and water management
20 Rational data base management system.
RDBMS Object oriented approaches.
21
22 Information system, decision support systems
DSS and application
23 and expert systems.
24 Understanding and Agricultural information management
25 development of mobile systems- use of mathematical models and
26 Apps programmes.
27
Development of DSS and Development of decision support systems,
28
sensors multi sensor data loggers.
29
30 Software development Overview of software packages in natural
31 for NRM resources management
ICT for technology
32 Video-conferencing of scientific information
transfer and monitoring
3
Internet applications: E-mail, Voice mail, web tools and technologies.
4
5 Handling and maintenance of IT and exploring its potentials
Exercises on database management using database and spreadsheet
6
programmes
7
Usage of remote sensing, GIS and GPS survey information generation and
8
processing
9
10 Exercises on running computer software packages dealing with water balance,
crop production, land development, land and water allocation, watershed
11
analysis
12 Exercises on simple decision support and expert systems for management of
13 natural resources
14 Exercises on development of information system
15 Use of Video-conferencing in monitoring and technology transfer
References
1. Climate-Smart Agriculture- Source Book. 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
2. Daniel P. Loucks and Eelco van Beek. 2005. Water Resources systems Planning and
Management- An Introduction to methods, models and Applications. UNESCO, Paris.
3. Dipak De and Basavaprabhu Jirli (Eds.). 2010. Communication Support for Sustainable
Development. Ganga Kaveri Publishing House, Varanasi-221001.
4. FAO. 1998. Land and water Resources information Systems. FAO Land and Water Bulletin 7,
Rome.
5. Fuling Bian and Yichun Xie (Eds.).2015. Geo- Informatics in Resources Management and
Sustainable Ecosystem. Springer, New York.
6. ICFAI Business School(IBS) 2012. Information Technology and systems. IBS Center for
Management Research, Hyderabad.
7. Robert Malliva and Thomas Missimer 2012 Arid Lands Water evaluation Management.
Environmental Science. Springer New York.
8. Sravanan. R. 2011. Information and communication technology for Agriculture and rural
Development. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
9. Soam, S.K., P.D. Sreekanth and N.H. Rao (Eds.). 2013. Geospatial Technologies for natural
Resources management. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
Management of Canal Irrigation System
1. Course Number :IDE-421(E)
2. Course Title :Management of Canal Irrigation System
3. Credit Hours :3(2+1)
4. Class : 4th year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester : 2nd Semester
6. General Objectives: To enhance the knowledge and skill of the students on study of
management of canal irrigation system for enhancing water productivity
7. Specific Objectives:
(a)Theory:
The students should be able:
To have sufficient knowledge to know the canal water distributions system
Water requirement and availability in a canal command
Design of lined and unlined canals
Control of losses of water in canal commands
Design and layout of different canal outlet structures
(b)Practical:
By the end of the course, the students should be able to
Estimate the water requirements of various crops grown in the canal command
Planning and layout of canal irrigation networks
Design of canal sections
Study of canal outlets, regulators, escapes and canal falls
Theory:
Typical network of canal irrigation system and its different physical components; canal classification
based on source of water, financial output, purpose, discharge and alignment; canal alignment: general
considerations for alignment; different parts of canal sections, performance indicators for canal
irrigation system evaluation, estimation of water requirements for canal command areas and
determination of canal capacity; base period, water duty and delta, relationship between, base period,
duty and delta, factors affecting duty and method to improve duty; silt theory: Kennedy’s theory,
design of channels by Kennedy’s theory, Lacey’s regime theory and basic regime equations, design of
channels by Lacey’s theory, maintenance of unlined irrigation canals, measurement of discharge in
canals, rostering (canal running schedule) and Warabandi, necessity of canal lining: advantages and
disadvantages, types of canal lining and desirable characteristics for the suitability of lining materials;
design of lined canals; functions of distributary head and cross regulators; canal falls, their necessity
and factors affecting canal fall; sources of surplus water in canals and types of canal escapes;
requirements of a good canal outlet and types of outlet.
Practical
Estimation of water requirement of canal commands; determination of canal capacity; layout of canal
alignments on topographic maps, drawing of canal sections in cutting, full banking and partial cutting;
determination of longitudinal section of canals; design of irrigation canals based on silt theories; design
of lined canals; formulation of Warabandi; Study of canal outlets, regulators, escapes and canal falls.
1 Canal Irrigation Study of network of canal irrigation system and its different
System physical components
2 Study of network of canal irrigation system and its different
physical components
3 Canal classification based on source of water, financial output,
purpose, discharge and alignment
4 Canal classification based on source of water, financial output,
purpose, discharge and alignment
5 Canal Alignment Canal alignment
6 General considerations for canal alignment
7 Different parts of canal sections
32 Types of outlet.
(B)Practical Class Outline
Class Practical
1 Estimation of water requirement of canal commands
2 Determination of canal capacity
3 Layout of canal alignments on topographic maps
4 Drawing of canal sections in cutting
5 Drawing of canal sections in full banking
6 Drawing of canal sections in partial cutting
7 Determination of longitudinal section of canals
8 Design of irrigation canals based on Kennedy’s theory
9 Design of irrigation canals based on silt theories (Lacey’s theory)
10 Design of lined canals
11 Design of lined canals
12 Formulation of warabandi irrigation systems
13 Study of canal outlets
14 Study of canal regulators
15 Study of canal escapes
16 Study of canal falls
References
1. Arora, K.R. 2001. Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resources Engineering. Standard
Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
2. Garg S. K. 2014. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Khanna Publishers New
Delhi.
3. Sahasrabudhe SR. 2011. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic structures. SK Kataria & Sons
Reprint 2015.
Minor Irrigation and Command Area Development
(b)Practical
By the end of practical exercises, the students will be able to
Gain knowledge to bridge the gap between potential created and utilized through
command area development
Plan, design, execution and evaluation of on farm development activities in the
command area
Apply latest technology in command area development
Theory
Major, medium and minor irrigation projects, factors affecting performance of irrigation projects; types
of minor irrigation systems in India; lift irrigation systems: feasibility, type of pumping stations and
their site selection, design of lift irrigation systems; tank irrigation: grouping of tanks, storage capacity,
supply works and sluices; earthen dams-types, methods of construction, causes of failure and design of
earthen dams, command area development (CAD) programme- components, need, scope, and
development approaches, historical perspective, command area development authorities-functions and
responsibilities; on farm development works, design of lined and un-lined field channel and its cost
estimation, reclamation works, cross drainage works, use of remote sensing techniques for CAD
works; rotational irrigation system, water productivity: concepts and measures for enhancing water
productivity; conjunctive use of water; farmers’ participation in command area development, rotational
irrigation.
Practical
Preparation of command area development layout plan; irrigation water requirement of crops;
preparation of irrigation schedules; planning and layout of water conveyance system; design of surplus
weir of tanks; determination of storage capacity of tanks; design of intake pipe and pump house.
References
1. Murthy, V.V.N.1998. Land & Water Management Engineering, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. Garg, S K. Irrigation Engg. & Hydraulic Structure, Khanna Publishers, Delhi
3. Modi, P N. Irrigation Water Resources & Water Power Engineering, Standard Book House,
Delhi.
4. Lal, R. Irrigation Hydraulics, Saroj Prakashan, Allahabad.
5. Reddy, T.Y. and Reddi, G.H.S. Efficient Use of Irrigation Water, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
6. General Objective : To impart knowledge and skill to the students on the water quality and
management measures.
7. Specific objectives:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Practical
Water quality analysis and classification according to USSL and AICRP criteria; soil chemical analysis
and estimation of lime and gypsum requirements; study of salinity development under shallow and
deep water table conditions; study of contamination movement and transport in soil profile; study of
different water decontamination techniques; study of different cultural and management practices for
using poor quality water for irrigation; field visit to industrial effluent disposal sites
(A) Theory Lecture Outline
References
1. FAO. 1996. Control of water pollution from agriculture - FAO irrigation and drainage paper 55
2. Gray, N.F. Water Technology. Raj Kamal Electric Press, Kundli, Haryana.
3. Hussain, S.K. 1986. Text Book of Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
4. Manahan, S.E. 2009. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. CRC Press, New York.
5. McGauhey, P.H. 1968. Engineering Management of water quality. McGraw Hill Book Company,
New York.
6. Minhas, P.S. and Tyagi, N.K. 1998. Guidelines for irrigation with saline and alkali waters. Bull.
No, 1/98, CSSRI, Karnal, p. :36
7. Punmia, B.C. and Lal, P.B.B. 1981. Irrigation and water power engineering. Standard Publishers
Distributors, Delhi.
Know about the different conventional and modern methods of landscape irrigation
Know about various types of landscapes and their suitability with regard to different irrigation
methods
Understand the different methodologies to compute the water requirement in different
landscape situations.
Design the modern landscape irrigation systems
Know how to make automation of the landscape irrigation system
Be acquainted with accurate irrigation scheduling with proper methods of irrigation for
different landscapes
(b)Practical
By the end of practical sessions, the students will be able to
Handle different irrigation equipment required for different landscapes
Know different design procedure and installation of irrigation systems for different landscapes.
Assess the power requirement of irrigation system and thus selection of pump
Know about different irrigation scheduling for different landscapes
Gain in-depth knowledge on different components of landscape irrigation and other equipments
used in it.
Acquaint with AutoCAD in landscape irrigation design
Evaluate the different landscape irrigation systems
Theory
Conventional method of landscape irrigation- hose irrigation system, and portable sprinkler with hose
pipes; modern methods of landscape irrigation- pop-up sprinklers, spray pop-up sprinkler, shrub
adopter, drip irrigation and bubblers; merits and demerits of conventional and modern irrigation
systems, types of landscapes and suitability of different irrigation methods, water requirement for
different landscapes, segments of landscape irrigation systems, main components of modern landscape
irrigation systems and their selection criteria; types of pipes, pressure ratings, sizing and selection
criteria; automation system for landscape irrigation- main components, types of controllers and their
application, design of modern landscape irrigation systems, operation and maintenance of landscape
irrigation systems.
Practical
Study of irrigation equipments for landscapes; Design and installation of irrigation system for
landscape, determination of water requirement. Determination of power requirement, pump selection.
Irrigation scheduling of landscapes, Study of irrigation controllers and other equipments, Use of
AutoCAD in irrigation design: blocks & symbols, head layout, zoning and valves layout, pipe sizing,
Pressure calculations etc., Visit to landscape irrigation system and its evaluation.
(A)Theory Lecture Outline
Lecture Chapter Details
1 Introduction and conventional Landscape irrigation and its importance
2 method of landscape irrigation Conventional method of landscape irrigation
3 Hose irrigation system and portable
sprinklers with hose pipes
4 Hose irrigation system and portable
sprinklers with hose pipes
5 Modern methods of landscape Modern methods of landscape irrigation
6 irrigation Pop-up sprinklers, spray pop up sprinklers
7 Shrub adopter, drip irrigation and bubblers
8 Shrub adopter, drip irrigation and bubblers
9 Merits and demerits of Advantages and drawbacks of conventional
conventional and modern and modern landscape irrigation systems
irrigation systems
10 Types of landscapes and Various types of landscapes and their
suitability of different suitability with regard to different
irrigation methods Irrigation methods
11 Various types of landscapes and their
suitability with regard to different
Irrigation methods
12 Water requirement for different Estimation of water requirement for different
landscapes landscapes
13 Segments of landscape Different Segments of landscape irrigation
irrigation systems systems
14 Main Components of modern Components of modern landscape irrigation
landscape irrigation systems systems and their selection criteria
15 and selection criteria Components of modern landscape irrigation
systems and their selection criteria
16 Types of pipes, pressure Types of pipes required in different
ratings, sizing and selection landscapes
17 criteria Pressure ratings of different pipes required in
different landscape irrigation systems
18 Pipe sizing and selection criteria
19 Automation system for Automation system for landscape irrigation
20 landscape irrigation Automation system for landscape irrigation
21 Automation of Main components
22 Types of controllers
23 Application of different types of controllers
24 Detail design procedure of modern landscape
irrigation systems
25 Detail design procedure of modern landscape
irrigation systems
26 Detail design procedure of modern landscape
irrigation systems
27 Design of border irrigation methods
28 Operation and maintenance of landscape
irrigation systems
29 Operation and maintenance of landscape
irrigation systems
30 Operation and maintenance of landscape
irrigation systems
31 Power requirement in different landscape
irrigation systems
32 Selection of pump for different landscape
irrigation systems
References
1. Russell, S. and P. Norvig. 1998. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall.
2. Rich, Elain and Kevin Knight. 1991. Artificial Intelligence. TMH.
3. Patrick Henry Winston. 1992. Artificial intelligence. Addition Wesley 3rd Ed.
4. Nilson Nils J. Principles of Artificial Intelligence. Narosa Publishing House.
Mechatronics
1. Course no. :EE- 421 (E)
2. Course title :Mechatronics
3. Credit hours :3(2+1)
4. Class :4th year B.Tech (Agril Engg.)
5. Semester :2nd Semester
6. General objective :To impart knowledge and skill to the students on the different control
mechanism of A.C. & D.C. motor and application of sensors and transducers.
7. Specific Objectives:
(a)Theory
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Know the measurement system, control systems, microprocessor based controllers of
A.C. & D.C. motor.
Understand the principles behind the working of different data acquisition, digital signal
processing.
Know the different application of Microcontrollers, PLC. Robotics, Robot components,
robot classification and specification.
(b)Practical
By the end of the course the students should be able to
Design a mechatronics product/system and incorporate application of mechatronics for
enhancing product values.
To run a motor with PLC.
Theory
Definition of mechatronics, measurement system, control systems, microprocessor based controllers,
mechatronics approach. Sensors and transducers, performance terminology, displacement, position &
proximity sensors, photo-electric transducers, flow transducers, optical sensors and transducers.
Actuators, mechanical actuation systems, hydraulic & pneumatic actuation systems, electrical
actuation systems, A.C. Motor, D.C. Motor, stepper motor. Signal conditioning process, filtering
digital signal, multiplexers, data acquisition, digital signal processing, measurement system, pulse
modulation, data presentation systems. System modelling & control, mathematical models, engineering
systems, electro-mechanical & hydraulic-mechanical systems, modelling dynamic systems, transfer
functions, control modes, PID controller. Micro-processor & computer, computer and interfacing,
micro-computer structure, micro-controllers, application of microcontrollers, PLC. Robotics, robot
components, robot classification and specification, work envelopes, other basic parameters of robots.
Robot applications, robot applications in manufacturing, material transfer and machine
loading/unloading, processing operations like welding & painting, assembly operations, inspection
automation, future applications.
Practical
Selection of sensor for a particular application from catalogue/internet. Design a mechatronics
product/system and incorporate application of mechatronics for enhancing product values. To study the
hardware and software of mechatronics kit. To move a table in X-direction within the range of
proximity sensors using Control-X software. To run a motor with PLC. To run a conveyor with
computer. To study the movement of actuating cylinders and sensors.
References
1. Bolton, W. 2001.Mechatronics. Pearson Education Asia.
2. Wolfram, Stadler. 2006. Analytical Robotics and Mechatronics. Mc-Graw Hill.
3. Doeblin E.O. 1999. Measurement Systems. Mc-Graw Hill.
4. Mahind, A.P. 2003.Introduction to Digital Computer Electronics. TMH.
5. Niku, S.Y. 2008. Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, systems and applications. Pearson
Education Asia.
6. Craig, J.J. 2010.Introduction to Robotics. Pearson Education Asia