2.1.15-Commercial HVAC-2 Module

NYCECC HVAC 2 OVERVIEW:
2016 NYC Energy Conservation Code

Effective October 3, 2016
© 2019 City of New York. All rights reserved.
presented by
Bill de Blasio, Mayor
Melanie La Rocca, Commissioner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
One City: Built to Last
We wish to acknowledge Mayor Bill de Blasio for his commitment to
80% reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050, over 2005
levels.
■ A sweeping plan to retrofit public and private buildings to reduce the
City’s contributions to climate change.
■ This makes New York the largest city to commit to the 80% reduction
by 2050.
■ It charts a long-term path for investment in renewable sources of
energy and a total transition from fossil fuels.
One City: Built to last:

http://www.nyc.gov/html/builttolast/p
build safe | live safe 2 ages/home/home.shtml
COPYRIGHT MATERIALS
Permission is granted for the noncommercial use and

reproduction of this presentation, without alteration, for
educational purposes.
© 2019 City of New York. All rights reserved.
build safe | live safe 3

INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the New York City Department of Buildings Energy
Code Training Modules!
This HVAC 2 Module addresses:
■ Technical issues and strategies related to Complex Systems in

2016 NYCECC
■ NYC DOB Energy Code Submission Requirements & Progress

Inspection requirements

INTRODUCTION
(continued)
This HVAC 2 Module addresses:
This module addresses HVAC criteria related to all commercial

building types, including Group R Buildings : R-1 uses (any height);
R-2 and R-3, when over 3 stories.
HVAC criteria related to low-rise residential buildings are covered

under the NYC DOB Residential Training Module. This module is a
continuation of HVAC-1: Mandatory Requirements & Simple HVAC
Systems.

OVERVIEW: TRAINING MODULE ORGANIZATION
■ This Module has been divided into a number of smaller sub-
topics. These can be accessed either in-sequence or out-of-
sequence through links in the main “Menu” slide.
■ Each sub-topic begins with a brief overview of the issues to be
reviewed, and many end with a set of summary questions or
exercises.
■ Many of the sub-topics are organized in a Q & A format. Code-
related questions are posed at the top of a slide, with answers
provided below, or in the following sequence of slides.

OVERVIEW: SLIDE NAVIGATION GUIDE
Look for the following icons:
The NYC Buildings logo takes you to the 2016 NYCECC
Training Modules home page.
The Menu icon takes you to the main menu page within
each module.
The Attention icon brings up Callouts with key points and

additional information.
The Links icon takes you to related DOB web pages or

other resources.

OVERVIEW: SLIDE NAVIGATION GUIDE
Look for the following icons:
The Documentation icon addresses DOB documentation

issues and requirements.
The Inspection icon addresses DOB Progress Inspection

issues and requirements.
The Code Reference icon refers to relevant Code sections.

The slides are enhanced with special icons that will help to focus
on key points, or serve as links to external resources. The Attention
icon brings up Callouts (like this one) with key points and additional
information.

ADMINISTRATIVE OVERVIEW: MODULE MENU
AIR-SIDE SYSTEMS
System Requirements ● VAV System Types
1. MULTI-ZONE SYSTEMS 12
& Schematics
Types & Schematics ● Code Requirements ●

2. ECONOMIZERS 20
Exceptions
3. CONTROLS Thermostatic Controls ● Supply Air Reset 24

Controls ● Static Pressure & Fan Controls

(continued)
WATER-SIDE SYSTEMS
Fundamentals ● Efficiency Metrics ● Types
4. CHILLERS 29
● Control Requirements
Applications ● Types ● Control
5. HEAT REJECTION DEVICES Requirements ● Heat Recovery ● 40
Economizer
2-Pipe ● 3-Pipe ● Heat Pump Loop ●

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEM CONTROLS Primary Secondary Loops ● Part Load 52
Controls
7. SERVICE HOT WATER Efficiency Requirements ● Controls ● 64

Insulation Requirements ● Swimming Pools

(continued)
HVAC SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION & EXERCISES
Energy Analysis ● Supporting
8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS 70
Documentation ● Progress Inspections
9. RESOURCES Abbreviations Key ● References & 103

Resources ● DOB Assistance

1. MULTIPLE ZONE AIR-SIDE SYSTEMS: OVERVIEW
Slides 12 to 19
In this section you will learn about:

■ Code requirements for air-side HVAC systems;
■ Overview of Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems including general

concepts, review of schematics for different configurations and key
components; and
■ Understand differences and requirements for Single Duct VAV, Dual

Duct VAV, Single Fan Dual Duct & Mixing VAV systems.

1. MULTIPLE ZONE AIR-SIDE SYSTEMS
What are key Code requirements for HVAC systems serving multiple zones?
System Type Requirements:

■ Air Side HVAC system serving multiple zones (or multi-zone systems) must
be Variable Air Volume (VAV) type
 Automatic start controls shall be provided for each HVAC system.
■ Multiple zone air-side systems Constant Air Volume (CAV or CV) system is
limited and restricted
■ Allowed exceptions to VAV requirement for zones:
 With peak supply air less than 300 cfm or less
 Where volume of air is no greater than minimum ventilation
 Where special humidity levels are required (e.g., data center, library, museum)
 Systems where controls prevent reheating, recooling, mixing air that has been
heated or cooled, or
 Systems where 75% of reheat energy is from site recovered sources
(e.g., solar, condenser water recovery)
Complex HVAC: C403.4; Multiple zone VAV

Requirements & Exceptions: C403.4.4;
build safe | live safe 13 Automatic Start Capabilities: C403.2.4.2.3
What are key Code requirements for HVAC systems serving multiple zones?
VAV Air Management Requirements:
Design maximum &
■ Capability to control and reduce primary air supply to each allowed minimum air flow
zone rates must be indicated in
■ Primary air volume shall be reduced to the greater of the VAV box schedules
following before reheating, recooling, or mixing:
 Condition 1: 30% of max supply air to each zone Minimum of 15% of VAV
(OR) boxes must be verified
 Condition 2A or 2B: 300 CFM or less if max flow rate is less than during Progress
10% of total fan system supply air flow rate Inspections. Maximum and
(OR) Minimum flow rates must
be confirmed through
 Condition 3: Minimum Ventilation rate per NYC Mech. Code inspection or review of
(OR) Testing, Adjusting, and
 Condition 4: Any higher rate that can be demonstrated to reduce Balancing (TAB) activities.
overall system annual energy use by offsetting reheat/recool
losses through a reduction in outdoor air intake for the system
(OR) Fan schedules must
 Condition 5: The airflow rate required to comply with applicable indicate VFD
codes or accreditation standards
VFD Requirement for Fan Motors: Minimum of 20% of VFDs
must be verified during
■ Multi-speed fan controls are required on each DX cooling Progress Inspections for
system > 65,000 BTU/h presence and operation.
■ Fan motors less than 1hp are required to be electronically
commutated or minimum motor efficiency of 70%
Multi-zone - VAV Requirements &
Exceptions: C403.4.4; VFD Requirements:
build safe | live safe 14 C403.4.1.1, C403.4.4.4
How is minimum Primary Air Volume calculated for a VAV zone?
Case In Point:
Q: 15,000 ft2 office served by VAV fan system. Total design supply air is
specified at 5000 cfm. What is the minimum primary air for this
zone?
■ Calculations
 Condition 1: 30% of design supply-air to zone:
- 5000 CFM x 30% = 1500 CFM
 Condition 2a or 2b: 300 CFM or less if 10% of fan system’s design supply-air:
- 5000 CFM x 10% = 300 CFM
 Condition 3: Ventilation rate: NYC Mechanical Code
- 15,000 ft2 x 5 persons/1000 ft2 x 5 CFM/person + 15,000 ft2 x 0.06
cfm/ft2 = 1275 CFM
- less than 1275 CFM per active DCV control, no lower than 2400 CFM
A: Not required to be less than 1,275 cfm; however, with DCV control it
could go as low as 2,400 cfm or lower depending on performance of the
diffusers and VAV boxes.
Multi-zone - VAV Requirements &

build safe | live safe 15 Exceptions: C403.4.4
1. MULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEMS:
VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) DESCRIPTION
What components are commonly found in a typical Single Duct VAV System?
Single Duct VAV System Heating/Cooling/Air Treatment Components:
System Schematic ■ Preheat Coil:
 Preheats outside air to prevent frosting of cooling coil
and partial heating capacity
■ Cooling Coil:
 Provides cooling capacity (sensible + latent)
 Can be Direct Expansion (DX) or connected to a chilled
water system
■ Heating Coil:
 Provides partial heating capacity (reheat load)
■ Humidifier:
 Increases moisture content in the supply air
■ Economizer:
 Enables introduction of additional outside air to meet
some or all of the cooling load when outside air
conditions are suitable
Code Impacts: Terminal VAV box volume ■ Exhaust Air Energy Recovery:
control, economizer, energy recovery,  Preheats or pre-cools outside air by recovering energy
supply temperature reset controls, from exhaust air
damper controls, fan power limits.  Based on system size
Single duct VAV System: C403.4.4.1;
Economizers: C403.3; Energy Recovery:
build safe | live safe 16 C403.2.7; Supply air temperature controls:
C403.4.4; Damper Controls: C403.2.4.3
VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) DESCRIPTION
What components are commonly found in a typical Single Duct VAV System?
Single Duct VAV System Fan Components:
System Schematic ■ Supply Fan:
 Provides supply air to zones
■ Return Fan:
 Returns space air to the air handler
■ Exhaust Fan:
 Removes air directly from space to outside
 Relief fan may be provided for Economizer
operation
Terminal Devices:
■ Consist of supply air dampers to control
volume
■ May consist of reheat coils to control
supply air temperature in heating mode
■ May have a local recirculation fan (fan-
powered box)
Thermostats:
Code Impacts: Fan power limits,
terminal device air volume
■ Controls operation in terminal units of
supply air damper, reheat coils and
control, thermostat set points & baseboards
set backs.
Fan Power Limits: C403.2.12.1;
build safe | live safe 17 Terminal Devices: C403.4.4;
Thermostats: C403.2.4.1
VAV SYSTEM DUCTING ARRANGEMENTS
What are requirements for Single-Duct and Dual-Duct Systems?
VAV Single- vs. Dual-Duct Single-Duct VAV systems, Terminal Devices:
■ Systems have one duct usually providing cool air to
terminal devices with dampers and sometimes
reheat coils
■ Terminal devices must reduce the supply of
primary supply air before reheating or re-cooling
takes place
 Reduces unnecessary heating & cooling
Dual-Duct & Mixing VAV Systems, Terminal Devices:
■ Systems have one warm air duct and one cool air
duct
■ Terminal devices must reduce the flow from one
duct to a minimum before mixing air from the
other duct
 Reduces unnecessary heating & cooling
Progress inspection at terminal boxes for
temperature and air volume control.
Minimum of 15% of terminal equipment
must be tested.
Single Duct VAV: C403.4.4.1; Dual Duct VAV

build safe | live safe 18 Terminal Devices: C403.4.4.2
1. MULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEMS: DUAL-DUCT VAV SYSTEMS
What are the key Code requirements for a Dual-Duct System?
Dual-Duct VAV Schematic Requirements at Air Handler:
■ Fan power limits, VFD, economizer,
temperature reset controls, thermostat
controls, DCV, damper controls
■ Typical components at Air-Handler
 Central preheat coil
 Separate supply ducts for heating and
cooling (heating/cooling coils in ducts)
 Central supply & return fans
Code requirements for Mixing Boxes:

■ Reduce cold & hot air before mixing
■ Supply temperature control for cooling &
heating
Progress inspection required controls –  Intent: Reduce energy use due to
Thermostats & set points, Economizer, unnecessary heating and cooling
DCV, VAV fan & terminal device operation,
damper controls, duct air sealing
Dual Duct VAV: C403.4.4.2 & C403.4.4.3;

build safe | live safe 19 Progress Inspections: 1 RCNY §5000-01: IIB
2. ECONOMIZERS: OVERVIEW
Slides 20 to 23
■ Code requirements for use of Air-Side Economizers;
■ Types of Economizers and schematics; and
■ Allowable exceptions for Economizer requirements.

2. ECONOMIZERS: PSYCHROMETRIC PROPERTIES OF AIR
What properties of air are important for influencing economizer operation?
Temperature:
■ Increasing temperature means higher (sensible) energy in the air, and also
raises the amount of water the air is capable of containing
Humidity:
■ Humidity is a measure of the moisture content of air
■ Increasing humidity means higher (latent) energy in the air, which puts a
higher load on a cooling system for dehumidification purposes
■ Can be determined by the wet-bulb temperature of the ambient air
Enthalpy:
■ Measures total energy (sensible + latent) in the air (units are Btu/lb)
■ Warmer, more moist air will always contain more energy than colder,
drier air
■ Cold, moist air can contain more energy than hot, dry air!

2. ECONOMIZERS: TYPES OF AIR-SIDE ECONOMIZERS
What is economizing and what are the different types of controls?
Air-side Economizer:
■ Directly introducing filtered, but unconditioned outdoor air, with a lower enthalpy or temperature
than the conditioned space, to fully or partially satisfy the cooling load
Economizer Control Methods:

Table C403.3.3.3 for Climate Zone 4A
■ Fixed dry bulb

 Outside air (OA) temperature exceeds 65°F
■ Fixed enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperatures
 Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds 28 Btu/lb of dry air
or Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
■ Differential enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperature
 Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds return air enthalpy or Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
Economizer fault detection and diagnostics

build safe | live safe 22 (FDD): C403.2.4.7
2. ECONOMIZERS: TYPES OF AIR-SIDE ECONOMIZERS
What is economizing and what are the different types of controls?
Air-side Economizer:
■ Directly introducing filtered, but unconditioned outdoor air, with a lower enthalpy or temperature
than the conditioned space, to fully or partially satisfy the cooling load
Economizer Control Methods:

Economizers must be
Table C403.3.3.3 for Climate Zone 4A indicated on HVAC
equipment schedules.
■ Fixed dry bulb Control type and
sequence of operation
 Outside air (OA) temperature exceeds 65°F must be provided in
■ Fixed enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperatures drawings.
 Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds 28 Btu/lb of dry air
or Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
■ Differential enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperature
 Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds return air enthalpy or Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F
Economizer fault detection and diagnostics

build safe | live safe 23 (FDD): C403.2.4.7
3. CONTROLS (AIR-SIDE SYSTEMS): OVERVIEW
Slides 24 to 28
■ Thermostatic control requirements;
■ Supply air reset controls requirements; and
■ Static pressure and fan control requirements.

3. CONTROLS: THERMOSTATIC CONTROLS
What are the Zone Level Thermostatic Requirements Applicable to VAV Systems?
Thermostat Location / Placement
Requirement:
■ Thermostats must be located within
each zone AND must control space
temperature
Control Dead-Band Requirement:
■ Heating & cooling set-points must be
sufficiently far apart so the unit does
Thermostat locations must be not over-respond when in one mode of
indicated on zone level plans. Control operation and require a correction from
set points and setback must be the other
indicated in sequence of operations.
 Code minimum is 5˚F
Night/Unoccupied Setback Requirement:
■ Lower heating and higher cooling set-
Visual inspection required in minimum points required during nights
of 20% sample of units for effective
operation for set points, set backs and /unoccupied periods
off-hour controls as part of DOB ■ Outside air intake must be reduced, or
Progress Inspections. stopped, during the unoccupied period
Thermostatic controls: C403.2.4.1;

build safe | live safe 25 Deadband: C403.2.4.1.2
3. CONTROLS: SUPPLY AIR TEMPERATURE
What are the rules governing the supply air temperature controls?
Supply Air Temperature Reset:
■ Automatic controls required for multiple zone systems Supply air temperature reset control
to reset supply air temperature. must be indicated on drawings.
 In response to zone loads (and / or)
 In response to outdoor air temperature (& Sample of 20% of these controls must
humidity) be verified during Progress
- Intent: Reduces the heating and cooling Inspections.
energy during low-load conditions
■ Minimum required reset: 25% of the difference
between design supply air & space temperature
■ Exceptions:
 Systems that prevent (entirely) reheating,
recooling, or mixing of heated and cooled supply
air
 Systems in which 75% of the energy for reheating
is from site-recovered or site solar energy sources
 Zones with peak supply air quantities of 300 CFM
or less
build safe | live safe 26 Supply air temperature controls: C403.4.4.5

3. CONTROLS: SUPPLY AIR TEMPERATURE
What are the rules governing the supply air temperature controls?
Supply Air Temperature Reset:
■ Automatic controls required for multiple zone systems Supply air temperature reset control
to reset supply air temperature. must be indicated on drawings.
 In response to zone loads (and / or)
 In response to outdoor air temperature (& Sample of 20% of these controls must
humidity) be verified during Progress
- Intent: Reduces the heating and cooling Inspections.
energy during low-load conditions
■ Minimum required reset: 25% of the difference
between design supply air & space temperature
For example, typical design temperatures are
■ Exceptions: 55˚F supply air and 75˚F space temperatures.
 Systems that prevent (entirely) reheating,
recooling, or mixing of heated and cooled supply
air Thus, 25% of the 20˚F design temperature
 Systems in which 75% of the energy for reheating difference is 5˚F, and the system would have
is from site-recovered or site solar energy sources to increase the supply air temperature based
 Zones with peak supply air quantities of 300 CFM on load to 60˚F during low load conditions.
or less
build safe | live safe 27 Supply air temperature controls: C403.4.4.5

3. CONTROLS: STATIC PRESSURE & FAN CONTROLS
What are the Details of Static Pressure and Fan Controls?
Static Pressure (SP) Reset:

■ SP based reset control required where
there is DDC control at VAV boxes DDC & SP Reset control must be
indicated on drawings
 Intent: Reduces fan energy consumption when
loads are satisfied in most zones Sample of 20% of SP Reset
controls must be verified during
Fan Controls: Progress Inspections
■ Electrical or mechanical variable speed

drives are required for DX cooling systems
≥ 65,000 BTU/h
 Or fan control device results in 30% design power
at 50% design flow when SP set-point is 33% of
total design static pressure
build safe | live safe 28 Fan VFD & Static Pressure controls: C403.4
4. CHILLERS: OVERVIEW
Slides 29 to 39
■ What a Chiller is – as well as different Chiller technologies such

as Vapor-Compression Chillers and Absorption Chillers;
■ Condenser types; and
■ Rating conditions / controls.

4. CHILLERS
What is a Chiller?
Schematic: Vapor Compression Review of Basic Refrigeration Cycle:
■ Chillers extract heat and cool a
liquid (Water, Brine, Glycol)
 Can use a Vapor Compression or
Absorption Cycle
■ Condensers reject heat
 Can be air-cooled or water-cooled
Vapor Compression Chiller Types:
■ Positive Displacement
 Reciprocating
 Rotary (Screw & Scroll)
■ Centrifugal
Chiller Efficiency Requirements:

build safe | live safe 30 Table C403.2.3(7)
4. CHILLERS: EFFICIENCY METRICS
How are Chillers Rated for Efficiency?
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio):
■ Denotes full-load efficiency
■ Typically used for air-cooled Chillers Chiller efficiency at full-load and
IPLV must be indicated on drawings
KW/Ton: and must correspond to design
chilled water (CLWT) temperatures
■ Full- and part-load efficiency metric and condenser water temperature
■ Typically used for water-cooled Centrifugal (CEWT) & flow rates per AHRI
and Positive Displacement Chillers 550/590 standard or must follow
NPLV calculation method.
COP (Coefficient Of Performance):
■ Full- and part-load efficiency metric 100% of the Chillers must be
■ Absorption Chillers verified during Progress Inspections.
Name plate and manufacturer’s test
Meet One of Two Compliance Paths: data must be furnished in
■ Compliance Path-A: Supporting Documentation.
 Optimized for full-load operation – ideal
for base-loaded Chillers
■ Compliance Path-B:
 Optimized for part-load operation – ideal
for trim-loaded Chillers

& NPLV: C403.2.3 & C403.2.3.1
4. CHILLERS: RATING CONDITIONS
AHRI 550/590:
■ Standard utilized for rating Chillers
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio):
■ Single efficiency rating point at full load:
 Chilled Water: 44°F @2.4 GPM / Flow Rate
 Condensing Water: 85°F (Water-Cooled) @3
GPM / Ton Flow Rate
Chiller efficiency at full load & IPLV  Air Cooled: 95°F Outdoor Air Temp
must be indicated on drawings and
must correspond to design chilled- IPLV (Integrated Part-Load Value):
water (CLWT) temperatures and ■ Calculated from multiple efficiency rating
condenser-water temperature (CEWT) points:
& flow rates per AHRI 550/590  Efficiency metric for measuring part-load
standard or per NPLV calculation conditions
method.  Weighted average calculation taken at the
100% of the chillers must be verified part-load scenarios
during Progress Inspections.
NPLV (Nonstandard Part-Load Value):
ASHRAE has look-up tables for ■ For non AHRI 550/590 rating conditions
different non-standard scenarios.

& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
Establish applicable
equipment type and size,
and select between Path
A or Path B for
compliance. Ensure the
efficiency values are
derived for standard
rating conditions. Other
rating conditions are
allowed if they follow
NPLV method.
2016 NYCECC
Partial Table C403.2.3(7)
& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: EFFICIENCY METRICS
Which Chiller Efficiency Metrics Apply for Non-Standard Operating Conditions?
NPLV (Non-standard Part-Load Value):
■ Single number part-load efficiency
metric analogous to IPLV
■ Different rating conditions (non-
standard) than for IPLV
■ Applicable only for centrifugal
chillers within limits:
 Minimum evaporator leaving
temperature: 36°F
 Maximum condensing leaving
temperature: 115°F
■ Calculation formula: Refer to Code
Supporting Documents must include all

values needed for this calculation.

& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: VAPOR COMPRESSION CHILLERS
What are the Different Types of Compressors Used in Chillers?
Reciprocating Chiller Positive Displacement Chillers:

■ Operating principle: Refrigerant gas becomes
trapped within a chamber whose volume decreases
as it is mechanically compressed
■ Reciprocating:
 Constructed similar to a car engine
 Motor turns crankshaft
 Pistons compress refrigerant gas
 Typical capacity 2 - 60 tons
■ Rotary Screw:
 Helical Screws mesh and rotate together
 Refrigerant gas compressed as volume between
screws decreases
 Typical capacity 70 - 200 tons (up to 500 tons)
■ Rotary Scroll:
 Two spiral scrolls 1 stationary, 1 orbiting
 Refrigerant gas compressed as volume between
scrolls decreases
 Typical capacity 20 - 200 tons (up to 500 tons)

& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: VAPOR COMPRESSION CHILLERS
What are the Different Types of Compressors Used in Chillers?
Centrifugal - Schematic ■ Centrifugal:

 Similar to centrifugal pump in
construction
 Vaned impeller spins in volute casing
 Refrigerant gas enters through the axis of
the impeller
 Gas exits the impeller radially at high
velocity
 Velocity is converted to pressure as the
gas collides with the volute casing
 Typical capacity: 100 - 3,500 tons
- Practical limit > 200 tons due to cost
- Field-fabricated units up to 10,000 tons
Most prevalent electrically driven
Chiller type over 200 tons.

& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: ABSORPTION CHILLERS
How is an Absorption Chiller Different from a Vapor Compression Chiller?
Mechanical compressor is replaced by “thermal
compressor”
Lithium Bromide is the typical absorber chemical
Absorption System - used in the process
Schematic Thermal input options:
■ Indirect (steam or hot water)
■ Direct (gas-fired)
Requires larger heat rejection (Cooling Tower)
Two general types:
■ 1-stage (single effect)
 Less efficient (COP ≈ 0.6 - 0.7)
 Can use lower temperature (grade) heat
 Typical Capacity: 50 – 1700 tons (also 5–10T)
■ 2-stage (double effect)
 Higher efficiency (COP ≈ 1.0 - 1.2)
 Requires high temperature (grade) heat
 Typical Capacity: 100 - 1700 tons (also 20-100T)

& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: ABSORPTION CHILLERS
How is an Absorption Chiller Different from a Vapor Compression Chiller?
A larger cooling tower can be used for increased Mechanical compressor is replaced by “thermal
water side economizer function. compressor”
Lithium Bromide is the typical absorber chemical
Absorption System - used in the process
Schematic Thermal input options:
■ Indirect (steam or hot water)
■ Direct (gas-fired)
Low grade heat includes low pressure steam Requires larger heat rejection (Cooling Tower)
and medium temperature hot water. Although
lower efficiency, these units can make use of Two general types:
site recovered heat. ■ 1-stage (single effect)
 Less efficient (COP ≈ 0.6 - 0.7)
 Can use lower temperature (grade) heat
 Typical Capacity: 50 – 1700 tons (also 5–10T)
High grade heat includes high pressure steam
and high temperature hot water. Although
■ 2-stage (double effect)
 Higher efficiency (COP ≈ 1.0 - 1.2)
higher efficiency, it is more difficult for these  Requires high temperature (grade) heat
units to make use of site recovered heat from  Typical Capacity: 100 - 1700 tons (also 20-100T)
many sources.

& NPLV: C403.2.3 .1
4. CHILLERS: CONTROLS
What Methods are Used to Modulate Chiller Capacity?
For individual Chillers:
■ Staging & sequencing multiple compressors
■ Use of Variable Speed Drives & motors
■ Hot Gas Bypass
 Code only allows Hot Gas Bypass if equipment has multiple steps of unloading.
For Chiller plants:

■ Staging of multiple Chillers
 Consider efficiency curves for each Chiller to maximize plant efficiency for given
load
■ Base loaded Chillers
 These chillers operate much of the time at or near full load to maximize full-
load efficiency (recommended Path A method)
■ Others
 These chillers see varying loads
 Maximize seasonal efficiency (recommended Path B method)
Pump Isolation: C403.4.2.6;

build safe | live safe 39 Hot Gas Bypass: C403.4.6
5. HEAT REJECTION EQUIPMENT: OVERVIEW
Slides 40 to 51

■ Applications That Need Heat Rejection Devices;
■ Types of Heat Rejection Devices;
 Dry Cooler
 Open Cooling Tower
 Closed-Circuit Evaporative Cooler
■ Control Requirements; and
 Fan Speed
 Applications in Heat Pump Loop
■ Condenser Heat Recovery & Water-side Economizer.

5. HEAT REJECTION: DEVICES
How do Air Conditioning System Chillers Reject Heat?
Vapor Compression - Schematic

Cooling devices (Vapor compression
& Absorption) use Condensers to
reject heat
Water-cooled Condenser:
■ Need condenser water loop and
cooling tower (or ground)
■ Chiller ratings don’t include
condenser water system energy (i.e.,
pumps and tower fans)
Air-cooled Condenser:
■ Packaged or separate air-cooled
condenser
■ Chiller ratings must include
condenser fan energy

5. HEAT REJECTION: DEVICES
How do Air Conditioning System Chillers Reject Heat?
NYCECC requires
Vapor air-cooled chillers
Compression without
- Schematic
Cooling devices (Vapor compression
condensers to be rated with matching condensers & Absorption) use Condensers to
and must then comply with the air-cooled chiller reject heat
efficiency requirements. The code, however, does
include separate efficiency requirements for air-
cooled condensing units.
Water-cooled Condenser:
■ Need condenser water loop and
ASHRAE 90.1 provides efficiency requirement for cooling tower (or ground)
air-cooled chillers without condensers, and allows ■ Chiller ratings don’t include
them to be rated as such. ASHRAE also includes condenser water system energy (i.e.,
efficiency requirements for remote air–cooled pumps and tower fans)
condensers.
Air-cooled Condenser:
■ Packaged or separate air-cooled
condenser
■ Chiller ratings must include
condenser fan energy

5. HEAT REJECTION: DRY COOLER
What type of condenser is associated with an Air-Cooled Chiller?
Dry Cooler: Schematic Features:

■ Air-cooled
■ Capacity and efficiency driven by ambient
dry-bulb temperature
■ DX systems (Condenser or Condensing Unit)
Pros:
■ Simple
■ Low maintenance
■ Inexpensive
■ No freeze issues
Cons:
An air-cooled condenser is a ■ Low efficiency
type of dry cooler.
Condenser Fan Speed Control: C403.4.3.2

5. HEAT REJECTION: CLOSED-CIRCUIT COOLING TOWER
What type of condensers are associated with Water-Cooled Chillers?
Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower Features:
■ Condenser water not in direct contact with
atmosphere
■ Capacity and efficiency driven by ambient wet-
bulb temperature
Pros:
■ More efficient than Air-cooled
■ Can operate in winter as a Dry Cooler
 Requires glycol in condenser water loop)
■ Condenser water isolated from ambient
 Contamination reduced
Cons:
■ Requires make up water
■ Higher maintenance than Dry Cooler
Closed-circuit cooling tower is also ■ Separate tower pump needs to be operated
known as an evaporative (or evap)
cooler.
Condenser Fan Speed Control: C403.4.3.2;

build safe | live safe 44 Heat pump loop connection options: C403.4.2.3.2
5. HEAT REJECTION: DIRECT- (OPEN-) CIRCUIT COOLING TOWER
What type of condensers are associated with Water-Cooled Chillers?
Features:
Open-Circuit Cooling Tower ■ Condenser water in direct contact with
ambient air
■ Capacity and efficiency driven by ambient
wet-bulb temperature
Pros:
■ More efficient than Dry Coolers
■ Typically more efficient than Evap Coolers
Cons:
■ Requires make-up water
■ Condenser water must be filtered to control
contamination
■ Higher maintenance than Dry Cooler or
Evaporative Cooler
Condenser Fan Speed Control: C403.4.3.2;

build safe | live safe 45 Heat pump loop connection options: C403.4.2.3.2
5. HEAT REJECTION: PERFORMANCE
What applications of heat rejection devices are governed by Code?
Condensing Units efficiency:

■ Air-cooled
■ Water and evaporatively cooled
Heat rejection fan speed control
Hydronic (water loop) HP systems
Condenser Heat Recovery:
■ Required for some facilities with water-
cooling condensers
Fan speed control must be Water Economizer:
inspected & verified for proper
operation as part of Progress ■ Tower(s) create cooling water directly
Inspections ■ Exemption for air economizer if
performance requirements are met
Tables C403.2.3(6) & C403.2.3(7);

Water Economizer: C403.3.4 Exception;
build safe | live safe 46 Condenser Heat Recovery: C403 .4.5;
Heat Rejection Fans: C403.4.3.2
5. HEAT REJECTION: PERFORMANCE
How does heat rejection equipment control capacity?
Performance and Capacity are based on:

■ Dry Coolers: dry-bulb temperature
■ Evap or Open Towers: ambient wet-bulb temperature
Capacity is controlled by fan speed Fan Control Options:

■ Cycling/Staging (On-Off)
■ Two-Speed Fans
■ Variable-Speed Fans
■ Code requirements for fans greater than 7.5 HP
 Capacity to operate at 2/3 speed or less
 Controls shall automatically adjust fan speed based on …
- Towers: temperature of leaving fluid, or
- Condensing Units: condensing temperature & pressure
 Exception for fans which are included in the rated efficiency of Condensing Units
and Chillers
build safe | live safe 47 Fan controls: C403.4.3

5. HEAT REJECTION: HYDRONIC HEAT PUMPS
What cooling tower controls are required on Hydronic Heat-Pump Systems?
Hydronic Heat-Pump Systems:
■ Water-loop temperature control deadband
required.
■ Heat loss through tower shall be controlled as
follows:
 Closed-circuit tower with direct connection to
HP loop
- An automatic valve shall bypass water
flow around the tower, or
- Low-leakage positive closure dampers
shall prevent airflow through the tower
 Open-circuit tower with direct connection to
HP loop
Tower water temperature control, flow around the tower
bypass valve control, tower dampers,
and tower pump controls need to be  Open- or closed-circuit tower with a heat
verified and operation tested. exchanger between HP loop and tower
- Tower water-loop pump shall shut down
Condenser Types & Attachment / control

build safe | live safe 48 requirements: C403.4.2.3.2.1
5. HEAT REJECTION: HYDRONIC HEAT PUMPS
What cooling tower controls are required on Hydronic Heat-Pump Systems?
Hydronic Heat-Pump Systems:
Hydronic Heat Pumps are also referred to ■ Water-loop temperature control deadband
as Water-Loop Heat Pumps. required.
■ Heat loss through tower shall be controlled as
follows:
 Closed-circuit tower with direct connection to
HP loop
flow around the tower, or
- Low-leakage positive closure dampers
shall prevent airflow through the tower
 Open-circuit tower with direct connection to
HP loop
Tower water temperature control, flow around the tower
bypass valve control, tower dampers,
and tower pump controls need to be  Open- or closed-circuit tower with a heat
verified and operation tested. exchanger between HP loop and tower
- Tower water-loop pump shall shut down
Condenser Types & Attachment / control

build safe | live safe 49 requirements: C403.4.2.3.2.1
5. HEAT REJECTION: CONDENSER HEAT RECOVERY
Can we use some of this rejected heat for something instead of rejecting it?
Supplementing Service Water Heating:
■ Required when heating or reheating service hot water when:
 Facility operates 24/7
 Cooling capacity of water-cooled systems exceeds 6,000,000 Btu/h 500
tons of heat rejection
AND
 Design service water heating load exceeds 1,000,000 Btu/h
(e.g., Hospitals)
■ Required capacity is the smaller of:
 60% of peak heat rejection load at design conditions
OR
 Preheating to 85°F for peak service hot water draw
build safe | live safe 50 Condenser Heat Recovery: C403.4.5

5. HEAT REJECTION: WATER ECONOMIZER
What is a water (Water-Side) economizer?
Water-side Economizer Water Economizer:
 Uses condenser water directly to meet cooling
loads
 Integrated vs. non-integrated
 Typically used when cooling during cold weather
AND air economizer impractical
 Does not introduce air-side contaminants or
excessively dry winter outside air, as air
economizers may do
■ Code Requirement:
 No mandatory requirement
 Alternative to air Economizer IF capable of
Water-side Economizer must be meeting 100% of the expected system
inspected & verified for proper
operation as part of Progress cooling load at outside air temperatures
Inspections. of 50°F (10°C) dry bulb/45°F (7°C)
wet bulb and below
build safe | live safe 51 Water-side Economizer: C403.3

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS & CONTROLS: OVERVIEW
Slides 52 to 63
■ Schematics, pros, cons and requirements for Two-pipe systems,

Three-pipe systems, Hydronic Heat Pump loop, Primary / Secondary
Loops;
■ Part-load control requirements including control valve types, pump

speed controls and temperature based reset controls; and
■ Pump control requirements.

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What is a two-pipe hydronic system?
Two-pipe Changeover Systems:
■ One coil is used for heating or cooling (supply pipe +
Two-pipe Direct Return return pipe) at terminal device
■ Changeover required between chilled water and hot
water
 Less expensive than four pipe, but
 Less flexible
- All zones are provided EITHER heating
OR cooling
■ Code Requirements:
Two-pipe Reverse Return  Deadband of 15°F between heating and cooling
modes based on OA temperature
 4-hour delay before changing modes
AND
 Difference between changeover temperatures
must be no more than 30°F
Intent: To avoid heating previously chilled water
or cooling previously heated water
build safe | live safe 53 Two-pipe: C403.4.2.2

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What is a two-pipe hydronic system?
These systems also may not provide the same
Two-pipe Changeover Systems:
■ One coil is used for heating or cooling (supply pipe +
level of comfort during
Two-pipe the swing
Direct seasons
Return return pipe) at terminal device
when heating and cooling may be required in
■ Changeover required between chilled water and hot
different parts of a building or at different water
times of the day.  Less expensive than four pipe, but
 Less flexible
- All zones are provided EITHER heating
OR cooling
Two-pipe Reverse Return  Deadband of 15°F between heating and cooling
modes based on OA temperature
 4-hour delay before changing modes
AND
 Difference between changeover temperatures
must be no more than 30°F
Intent: To avoid heating previously chilled water
or cooling previously heated water
build safe | live safe 54 Two-pipe: C403.4.2.2

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What is a three-pipe hydronic system?
Three-pipe System Three–pipe Systems:
■ HW (Hot Water) & CHW (Chilled Water)
supply available any time to each
terminal
■ Common (mixed) return
■ Pros:
 Less expensive than Four-pipe
 More flexible than Two-pipe
■ Cons:
 Simultaneous heating & cooling due to mixed
return
SPECIFICALLY PROHIBITED BY CODE
build safe | live safe 55 Three-pipe system: C403.4.2.1

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What is a water-source heat-pump loop?
Water-Source Heat-Pump Loop Water Source Heat Pump Loop:

■ Loop circulates water between each water-to-
air Water-Source Heat Pump (WSHP) on the
system
■ WSHPs extract heat (heating mode) or reject
heat (cooling mode) to the loop
■ Water Heater and Heat Rejection Device
maintain the loop within temperature limits
 Two-position (open-closed) valves for each heat
pump on a system with a circulating pump >
10HP
 Deadband of 20°F between maximum and
minimum loop temperature
- Exception for controls that “can determine
the most efficient operating temperature
based on real-time conditions of demand
and capacity…”
Hydronic (water loop) heat pump systems:

build safe | live safe 56 C403.4.2.3
6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What is a water-source heat-pump loop?
These valves are also referred to as “snap” valves,
Water-Source Heat-Pump Loop Water Source Heat
because Pump
they snap openLoop:
when compressor is
■ Loop circulates water
running and then between
snap each
closed when the water-to-
air Water-Source Heat
compressor shuts off. Pump (WSHP) on the
system
Typical temperatures are 85˚F maximum and ■ WSHPs extract heat (heating mode) or reject
65˚F mininum. A broader deadband means heat (cooling mode) to the loop
less energy consumed for heat rejection and ■ Water Heater and Heat Rejection Device
water heating, but the WSHPs may operate maintain the loop within temperature limits
less efficiently. ■ Code Requirements:
 Two-position (open-closed) valves for each heat
A lower maximum temperature means more pump on a system with a circulating pump >
efficient WSHPs in cooling mode, but more 10HP
energy consumed by the heat rejection  Deadband of 20°F between maximum and
device. minimum loop temperature
- Exception for controls that “can determine
A higher minimum temperature means more the most efficient operating temperature
efficient WSHPs in heating mode, but more based on real-time conditions of demand
energy consumed by the water heater. and capacity…”
Hydronic (water loop) heat pump systems:

build safe | live safe 57 C403.4.2.3
6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What are heating and cooling plant requirements?
Chiller and Boiler Plants:
■ Part-Load Control for plants > 500,000 Btu/h design
output capacity
 Reset supply water temp. by 25% of design temp.
difference based on return water OR outside air
temperature.
 Reduce pump flow by 50% automatically using:
- Adjustable speed pumps
OR
- Multi-staged pumps that reduce total pump
Isolation Valves, two-position valves, horsepower by at least 50%
temperature reset sequences, pump control ■ Multiple boilers, and chillers in parallel
strategy must be shown on drawings. A  Automatic controls that reduce plant flow when a
minimum sample of 20% must be chiller/boiler turns off
inspected/tested.
Boiler Plant Specific Requirements:
 Multiple-packaged boiler plants must have controls
that automatically sequence the boiler operation;
and
 Single boiler plants > 500,000 Btu/h design input
capacity must have a multi-staged or modulating
burner

build safe | live safe 58 Part load controls: C403.4.2.4
6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
What are heating and cooling plant requirements?
While typical for boiler plants, this is not often done for Chiller and Boiler Plants:
chiller plants. For typical chiller systems this would ■ Part-Load Control for plants > 500,000 Btu/h design
represent about 2.5 to 3F of reset. output capacity
 Reset supply water temp. by 25% of design temp.
Most boiler plant controls have reset based on OA from difference based on return water OR outside air
1800F down to 1500F. This is typically much more than the temperature.
code requirement even for systems with as much as a 400F  Reduce pump flow by 50% automatically using:
design temperature difference … which is larger than most - Adjustable speed pumps
typical designs. OR
- Multi-staged pumps that reduce total pump
Isolation Valves, two-position valves,
Lower HW (higher CHW) supply water temperatures horsepower by at least 50%
temperature reset sequences, pump ■ Multiple boilers, and chillers in parallel
reducecontrol
conduction losses through
strategy must be distribution
shown on pipes and
can increase boiler A
(chiller) equipment plantofoperating  Automatic controls that reduce plant flow when a
drawings. minimum sample 20% must chiller/boiler turns off
be inspected/tested.
efficiency, but can result in increased pump flow.
Boiler Plant Specific Requirements:
 Multiple-packaged boiler plants must have controls
Chillers piped in series to achieve increased temperature that automatically sequence the boiler operation;
difference are considered a single chiller. and
 Single boiler plants > 500,000 Btu/h design input
capacity must have a multi-staged or modulating
burner

build safe | live safe 59 Part load controls: C403.4.2.4
6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
How is flow controlled by pumps in a Hydronic Loop?
Pump Laws/Formulas Pump Speed Controls:
■ Constant Speed Pump Motor
Pump Speed ∝ Water Flow  Provide constant flow at constant input power
Water Pressure ∝ (Water Flow)2  Multiple pumps in parallel can be staged on/off to
Water Power ∝ (Water Flow)3 achieve variable flow control
■ 2-Speed Pumps
Pump Power ∝
Flow x Pressure  Provide constant flow at each speed
Pump Efficiency  Pump speed changes to achieve variable flow
control - based on pressure ranges or flow
measurements
Pump VFD ■ Variable Speed Pumps
 Pump speed continuously modulates to maintain
desired static pressure set point
■ Static Pressure
 Differential static pressure is set based on Testing,
Adjusting & Balancing (TAB) to ensure flow at
“remote” terminal devices
 Static pressure set-point can be reduced based on
zone valve position with a DDC systems, but this is
not required by Code

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEMS
Pump Laws/Formulas Pump Speed Controls:
■ Constant Speed Pump Motor
Pump Speed ∝ Water Flow  Provide constant flow at constant input power
Water Pressure ∝ (Water Flow)2  Multiple pumps in parallel can be staged on/off to
Water Power ∝ (Water Flow)3 achieve variable flow control
■ 2-Speed Pumps
Pump Power ∝
Flow x Pressure  Provide constant flow at each speed
Pump Efficiency  Pump speed changes to achieve variable flow
control - based on pressure ranges or flow
measurements
Pump VFD ■ Variable Speed Pumps
Devices are remote in terms of pressure
 Pump speed continuously modulates to maintain
desired static pressure set point
drop between pump and device. It is
■ Static Pressure
possible that devices that are physically  Differential static pressure is set based on Testing,
closer to the pump have higher pressure Adjusting & Balancing (TAB) to ensure flow at
drop (i.e., are more hydrostatically “remote” terminal devices
remote) than devices located farther from  Static pressure set-point can be reduced based on
zone valve position with a DDC systems, but this is
the pumps. not required by Code

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEM CONTROLS
Loop Flow Controls:
■ 2-Way Valves at Terminal Units
 2-way valves reduce flow to the terminal
device, reducing coil capacity/output
 System pressure increases with
decreasing flow allowing system pumps
DP
to reduce flow/speed
 3-way valves reduce flow by bypassing
unneeded design flow around terminal
device
VFD & pump control strategy, including  Overall system flow remains constant at
isolation valves, terminal device valves, design flow
temperature reset sequences, pressure
sensors, must be shown on drawings. ■ 2-Position Valves
 Valves open and close providing 100% of
A minimum 20% sample of pump speed design flow as needed
control devices must be inspected/tested.  System pressure increases as valves
close, allowing system pumps to reduce
flow/speed

6. HYDRONIC SYSTEM CONTROLS
Loop Flow Controls:
 2-way valves reduce flow to the terminal
device, reducing coil capacity/output
 System pressure increases with
decreasing flow allowing system pumps
DP
to reduce flow/speed
 3-way valves reduce flow by bypassing
unneeded design flow around terminal
device
A Differential Pressure (DP) sensor is required to set  Overall system flow remains constant at
VFD & pump control strategy, including
and control the system
isolation valves,pressure
terminalfor flow valves,
device control. As design flow
temperature
valves close pressurereset sequences,
increases and pumpspressure
stage on/off
or pumpsensors,
speed ismust be shown on drawings.
reduced. ■ 2-Position Valves
Often aA3-way valve20%
is placed at remote terminal
 Valves open and close providing 100% of
minimum sample of pump speed design flow as needed
devicescontrol devices must be inspected/tested.space
to reduce system response time changing  System pressure increases as valves
demands … hot/chilled water is maintained throughout close, allowing system pumps to reduce
the system. flow/speed

7. SERVICE WATER HEATING: OVERVIEW
Slides 64 to 69
■ Performance Requirements;
■ Control Requirements;
 Temperature
 Heat Traps
 Hot Water System Controls
■ Pipe Insulation; and
■ Swimming Pools.

7. SERVICE WATER HEATING: PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
Determine performance requirement for Service Hot Water Heater
Refer to Table C404.2

■ Multiple fuels, equipment types, equations &
rating standards
Electric:
■ Resistance Water Heaters
■ Heat Pump Water Heaters
Natural Gas:
■ Storage Water Heaters
■ Instantaneous Water Heaters
■ Boilers
■ Condensing type water heaters are required of not less
than 90% Et when the input rating exceeds 1 MMBTU/h
Oil:
■ Boilers
Dual Fuel: Gas & Oil:

■ Boilers
Performance Requirements: Table C404.2

7. SERVICE WATER HEATING: PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
Determine performance requirement for Service Hot Water Heater
Refer to Table C404.2

■ Multiple fuels, equipment types, equations &
rating standards
Electric:
■ Resistance Water Heaters Standby Loss (SL) and Energy Factors (EF) are provided by the manufacturer.
■ Heat Pump Water Heaters
The NYC ECC (Table C404.2) and ASHRAE 90.1 (Table 7.8) include formulas
Natural Gas: to calculate the efficiency requirements. These formulas vary by type of
■ Storage Water Heaters equipment, but are based on the rated volume of the tank (V) in gallons,
and in the case of gas and oil fired heaters are also based on the nameplate
■ Boilers
input of
■ Condensing type water heaters are required rate
notinput
less (Q) in Btu/h.
than 90% Et when the input rating exceeds 1 MMBTU/h
Note also that gas and oil fired equipment includes requirements for
Oil: thermal efficiency AND standby loss.
■ Instantaneous Water Heaters For example:
■ Boilers Electric
Dual Fuel: Gas & Oil: ≤ 12kW: EF = 0.97–0.00132 x V
Storage Water heater, Gas
■ Boilers
> 75,000Btu/h, < 4,000 (Btu/h)/gal SL = Q/800 +110 x √V
Performance Requirements: Table C404.2

7. SERVICE WATER HEATING: CONTROLS
What are mandatory control requirements for Service Hot Water Systems?
Heat Traps:
■ Non-Circulating Systems
 Built in at equipment
OR
 Built into supply & discharge piping loops
around equipment
System Controls:
■ Circulating Systems
 Automatic or manual shut-off for
circulating pump during periods when
system not in use
Heat Traps: Table C404.3;

System Controls: C404.6;
build safe | live safe 67 Hot water boiler outdoor temperature setback
control: C403.2.5
7. SERVICE WATER HEATING:
INSULATION & OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Which components need to be insulated in Service Hot Water Systems?
Efficient heated water supply Piping
■ Option to choose between a maximum allowable pipe length or water volume in the pipe
Pipe Insulation:
■ Pipe insulation thickness based on a fluid operating temperature and pipe size
■ For piping to or from a storage heater or tank, the piping to a heat trap or the first 8 feet of
piping should be insulated, whichever is less
■ Exception: Tubular pipe insulation shall not be required on the following:
1. The tubing from the connection at the termination of the fixture supply piping to a plumbing
fixture or plumbing appliance
2. Valves, pumps, strainers and threaded unions in piping that is 1 inch (25 mm) or less in nominal
diameter
3. Piping from user-controlled shower and bath mixing valves to the water outlets
4. Cold-water piping of a demand recirculation water system
5. Tubing from a hot water drinking-water heating unit to the water outlet
6. Piping at locations where a vertical support of the piping is installed
7. Piping surrounded by building insulation with a thermal resistance (R-value) of not less than R-3
Unfired Storage Tanks Insulation:
■ R-12.5 or higher
Pipe Insulation: C404.4; Pool Covers: C404.9.3;
build safe | live safe 68 Unfired Storage Tanks: Table C404.2;
Efficient heated water supply piping: C404.5
7. SERVICE WATER HEATING: SWIMMING POOLS
What are requirements in commercial buildings for swimming pools?
Pool:
■ Heater Performance
 Gas- or oil-fired heaters: 82% Et
 Heat Pump heaters: 4.0 COP
 Continuously burning pilots prohibited
■ Heater and Pump Controls
 Heater to have readily accessible on-off control independent of thermostat
setting
 Automatic time switches must be installed on heater and pumps
- Exceptions:
• Public health standards require 24-hour pump operation
• Pumps required to operate for solar or site-recovered heat
Swimming Pool Cover:
■ Outdoor heated pools and outdoor permanent spas shall be provided with a vapor-
retardant cover or other approved vapor-retardant means
■ Exception: Where more than 70 percent of the energy for heating is from site-recovered
energy
build safe | live safe 69 Swimming Pools: C404.9; Table C404.2

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS
Slides 70 to 102
Photo: US DOE Building Energy Codes University

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: OVERVIEW
■ HVAC- and SHW-related requirements for NYCECC Submissions,

including:
 Energy Analysis, and
 Supporting Documentation
■ Applicable Progress Inspections associated with HVAC and SHW

Systems.

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: NYCECC & APPLICATIONS
What are the application requirements related to the NYCECC?
Per 1 RCNY §5000-01:
This HVAC Module addresses only
■ A Professional Statement Energy Analysis, Supporting
Documentation, and Progress
Inspection issues. A full overview
■ An Owner Statement of the required submission
documents, including Professional
■ An Energy Analysis and Owner Statements, is included
under the NYCECC Administrative
Overview module in this series.
■ Supporting Documentation, including
the requirement for and description
of Progress Inspections in drawings

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: ENERGY ANALYSIS
What types of Energy Analysis are allowed?
Per 1 RCNY §5000-01:
■ Tabular Analysis
■ COMcheck software
■ Energy Modeling
■ Alternative Formats

How Should HVAC and SWH Systems be addressed in the Energy Analysis?
Option 1: Tabular Analysis

■ The Tabular Analysis compares proposed values of each
ECC-regulated item in the scope of work with the
respective prescriptive values required by the Code
 Applicable to New Buildings, Additions, or Alterations
 Demonstrates Prescriptive Compliance
 Can be used with either NYCECC or ASHRAE 90.1

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SAMPLE TABULAR ANALYSIS 1
Example of Tabular Analysis for Commercial Alterations/Renovations
NYCECC
Provision Item Description Proposed Design Value Code Prescriptive Value Supporting Documentation
Citation
Building Mechanical Systems
C403.2 Mandatory Provisions
Minimum and maximum ASHRAE/ACCA 183 ASHRAE HVAC Signed and Sealed statement from
C403.2.1 Calculation of heating and cooling loads temperatures for interior design N/A Systems and Equipment Handbook, Engineer certifying compliance with
load calculations chapter 3 Energy Code energy code
Signed and Sealed statement from
Heating and cooling equipment Heating and cooling equipment shall not
C403.2.2 Equipment and system sizing Engineer certifying compliance with
shall not exceed calculated loads exceed calculated loads
energy code
HVAC Equipment Performance
C403.2.3 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements
Requirements
Unitary air conditioners, condensing units,
Table Split System 5 ton air cooled AC Split System AC units schedule,
electrically operated, minimum efficiency 13.5 SEER 13.0 SEER
C403.2.3(1) unit, AC-1 drawing M-300
requirements
Table Through the Wall AC unit, 1 ton, Through the wall AC units schedule,
C403.2.3(1) AC-2 drawing M-300
requirements
Unitary and applied heat pumps,
Table 3 ton air cooled heat pump, single
electrically operated, minimum efficiency 14.2 SEER 14.0 SEER AC units schedule, drawing M-300
C403.2.3(2) package, HP-1
requirements
Table Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and PTAC (Cooling Mode) Replacement, PTAC AC units schedule, drawing M-
10.6 EER 14.0-(0.300xCap/1000)EER = 10.4 EER
C403.2.3(3) Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps 12,000 BTU, PTAC-1 301
Table Warm air furnaces and combination warm

C403.2.3(4) air furnaces/air-conditioning units, warm N/A N/A N/A N/A
air duct furnaces and unit heaters
Table
Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Oil fired, 250,000 Btu input, B-1 82% AFUE 80% AFUE Boiler schedule, drawing M-301
C403.2.3(5)
Table
Condensing Units, Electrically operated N/A N/A Table C403.2.3(6) N/A
C403.2.3(6)

NYCECC
Provision Item Description Proposed Design Value Code Prescriptive Value Supporting Documentation
Citation
Building Mechanical Systems
C403.2 Mandatory Provisions
Minimum and maximum ASHRAE/ACCA 183 ASHRAE HVAC Signed and Sealed statement from
C403.2.1 Calculation of heating and cooling loads temperatures for interior design N/A Systems and Equipment Handbook, Engineer certifying compliance with
load calculations chapter 3 Energy Code energy code
Applicants must include Signed and Sealed statement from
Heating and cooling equipment Heating and cooling equipment shall not
C403.2.2 Equipment and system sizing Engineer certifying compliance with
shall not exceed calculated loads reference to loads
exceed calculated the applicable energy code
C403.2.3
HVAC Equipment Performance
HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements
Supporting Documentation for
Requirements
Unitary air conditioners, condensing units, EACH item within the Tabular
Table Split System 5 ton air cooled AC Split System AC units schedule,
C403.2.3(1)
electrically operated, minimum efficiency
requirements
unit, AC-1
13.5 SEER
Analysis.
13.0 SEER
drawing M-300
Table Through the Wall AC unit, 1 ton, Through the wall AC units schedule,
C403.2.3(1) AC-2 drawing M-300
requirements
Unitary and applied heat pumps,
Table 3 ton air cooled heat pump, single
electrically operated, minimum efficiency 14.2 SEER 14.0 SEER AC units schedule, drawing M-300
C403.2.3(2) package, HP-1
requirements
Table Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and PTAC (Cooling Mode) Replacement, PTAC AC units schedule, drawing M-
10.6 EER 14.0-(0.300xCap/1000)EER = 10.4 EER
C403.2.3(3) Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps 12,000 BTU, PTAC-1 301
Table Warm air furnaces and combination warm

C403.2.3(4) air furnaces/air-conditioning units, warm N/A N/A N/A N/A
air duct furnaces and unit heaters
Table
Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Oil fired, 250,000 Btu input, B-1 82% AFUE 80% AFUE Boiler schedule, drawing M-301
C403.2.3(5)
Table
Condensing Units, Electrically operated N/A N/A Table C403.2.3(6) N/A
C403.2.3(6)

NYCECC Supporting
Provision Item Description Proposed Design Value Code Prescriptive Value
Citation Documentation
Terminal devices shall be capable of reducing primary
C403.4.4.1 Single duct VAV system, terminal devices N/A N/A N/A
supply air before reheating or recooling takes place
Dual duct and mixing VAV systems, Terminal devices shall be capable of reducing air from
C403.4.4.2 N/A N/A N/A
terminal devices one duct to a minimum before mixing takes place
Individual dual duct or mixing heating and cooling
Single fan dual duct and mixing VAV systems with a single fan and capacities greater than
C403.4.4.3 N/A N/A N/A
systems, economizers 90,000 Btu/h shall not be equipped with air
economizers
Control system shall automatically reset supply-air
VAV System with Multiple Zone, supply-
C403.4.4.5 N/A N/A temperature in response to building load or O.A. N/A
air temperature reset controls*
temperature
Provide condenser water heat recovery, required for 24
Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating
C403.4.5 N/A N/A hr/day operations, with water cooled systems over 6 N/A
for systems*
million btu/h
Hot gas bypass is allowed only on systems with
C403.4.6, Table
Hot Gas Bypass Limitation N/A N/A multiple steps of unloading or continuous capacity N/A
C403.4.6
modulation. Allowed Bypass capacity per table 503.4.7
C404 Service Water Heating

Domestic Water Heater, 80% Et, instantaneous Gas, See plumbing schedules,
C404.2 Equipment Performance Efficiency Shall meet efficiency requirements of table 504.2
DWH-1 210,000 Btu/h drawing P-300
Water heating equipment shall be provided with heat
C404.3 Heat Traps N/A N/A traps on the supply and discharge piping if not N/A
integrated with equipment
Minimum pipe insulation thickness based on fluid See plumbing specification

C404.4 Pipe Insulation Pipe Insulation
operating temperature. drawings, P-500

Option 2: COMcheck submissions

■ COMcheck software, available for free from the US Department of
Energy, can be used to prepare energy code compliance calculations
 Lists all Mandatory and Prescriptive Compliance requirements related to
HVAC and SHW systems
 Only New York City NYCECC or ASHRAE-90.1 COMcheck forms are permitted
(not IECC)
 Downloads: https://www.energycodes.gov

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SAMPLE COMCHECK
(2016 NYCECC shown)
All HVAC systems and details

should use the same
identification and keying in
the Energy Analysis and the
Supporting Documentation
(Drawings and Schedules) for
clear cross-reference.

Option 3: Energy Modeling
■ Only ASHRAE 90.1 can be used to demonstrate compliance
 Applicable to New Buildings, Additions, or Alterations
 Requires computer energy modeling, using software programs approved

by the Secretary of State of New York State and the NYC Commissioner of
Buildings (e.g., DOE-2.1E, VisualDOE, Energy Plus, eQuest)
 Compliance is demonstrated using the EN1 form

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SAMPLE EN1
HVAC & SHW INPUT
Input information on the HVAC input

form should be reflected in the
Supporting Documentation to the
permit application.

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
What type of Supporting Documentation Should be Provided?
Supporting Documentation should:
■ Support the values submitted in the Energy Analysis;
■ Verify mandatory requirements of the NYCECC are met; and
■ Provide a listing and description of the applicable progress

inspections required based on the scope of work of the project.
HVAC and SHW documentation should include:

► ALL plans, details, notes, and sequences of operation
demonstrating that systems, equipment, components,
and control sensors meet performance and operating
requirements as developed in the Energy Analysis.

What type of Supporting Documentation Should be Provided?
Supporting Documentation for HVAC and SHW:
■ Floor plans showing:
 Terminal Units
 Controls
 Duct work and piping
 HVAC equipment
■ Mechanical schedules showing:
 HVAC equipment (terminal units, pumps, fans, energy recovery)
 Design operating temperatures
 Performance values (flow rates, efficiencies, nhp)
■ Equipment details showing:
 Coils, terminal units, including:
- Valves
- Dampers
- Sensors
■ Control diagrams showing:
 Sequences of operation with operating set-points
 Control valves, dampers and sensors

Sample Building: New Office Facility
The following Sample Supporting

Documentation has been
developed to illustrate
compliance procedures related
to the NYCECC only.
Additional Information required
by the DOB related to zoning and
other code provisions is
intentionally omitted.

Controls need to be shown and HVAC
equipment clearly marked in the plans of
the Supporting Documentation.
1st FLOOR PLAN
ROOF PLAN

Schedules shall
clearly indicate
performance
values, and
provide
sufficient
information to
confirm
compliance with
NYCECC
requirements.
Mechanical Schedules

Mechanical Details
Details need to show

control and balancing
features.

Mechanical Details
Features with different names may

perform the same function with respect
to code compliance. For example, a
“circuit setter” and “plug valve with Details need to show
locking flow plate” serve the purpose of control and balancing
both balancing valves. features.

Notes shall contain Code requirements not

shown elsewhere in documents. Note
number and drawings should be
indexed/referenced to Code citation in the
Mechanical/Energy Code Compliance Notes
Energy Analysis.

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SAMPLE ENERGY ANALYSIS
COMcheck Report
Confirm that Code

compliance path is
consistent with the
rest of the
application, and be
sure to check-off the
applicable
Certification
Requirements in the
COMcheck Summary.
Include all pages of
the report.

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SAMPLE PROGRESS INSPECTIONS
Reference Standard (See
Periodic ECC or Other
Inspection/Test ECC Chapter C6) or Other
(minimum) Citation
Criteria
IIB Mechanical and Service Water Heating Inspections

Approved construction documents; C402.2.7; BC 2111;
IIB1 Fireplaces: Provision of combustion air and tight-fitting fireplace doors shall be verified by visual inspection. Prior to final construction inspection ANSI Z21.60 (see also MC 904), MC Chapters 7, 8, 9;
ANSI Z21.50 FGC Chapter 6
Shutoff dampers: Dampers for stair and elevator shaft vents and other outdoor air intakes and exhaust
openings integral to the building envelope shall be visually inspected to verify that such dampers, except As required Approved construction documents; C403.2.4.3; ASHRAE
IIB2
where permitted to be gravity dampers, comply with approved construction drawings. Manufacturer’s during installation AMCA 500D 90.1 – 6.4.3.4
literature shall be reviewed to verify that the product has been tested and found to meet the standard.
C403.2, C404.2,
HVAC-R and service water heating equipment: Equipment sizing, efficiencies, pipe sizing and other C404.5, C404.9,
Approved construction documents;
performance factors of all major equipment units, as determined by the applicant of record, and no less than Prior to final plumbing and C406.2, ASHRAE 90.1
IIB3 ASHRAE 183, ASHRAE HVAC
15% of minor equipment units, shall be verified by visual inspection and, where necessary, review of construction inspection – 6.3, 6.4.1, 6.4.2,
Systems and Equipment Handbook
manufacturer’s data. Pool heaters and covers shall be verified by visual inspection. 6.4.5, 6.4.6, 6.5.11,
6.8, 7.4, 7.8
HVAC-R and service hot water system controls: No less than 20% of each type of required controls and After installation and prior to final
economizers shall be verified by visual inspection and tested for functionality and proper operation. Such electrical and construction C403.2, C404.3,
Approved construction documents,
controls shall include, but are not limited to: Thermostatic, Off-hour, Zones, Freeze protection/Snow- and ice- inspection, except that for controls C403.4, C403.5,
including control system
melt system, Ventilation System and Fan Controls, Energy recovery systems, Kitchen/lab exhaust systems, Fan with seasonally dependent C404.6, C404.7,
IIB4 narratives; ASHRAE Guideline 1:
systems serving single and multiple zones, Outdoor heating systems, HVAC control in hotel/motel guest functionality, such testing shall be C404.9; ASHRAE 90.1
The HVAC Commissioning Process,
rooms, Air/Water Economizers & controls, Hydronic systems, Heat rejection systems, Hot gas bypass performed before sign-off for – 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6,
where applicable
limitation, Refrigeration systems, Door switches, Computer room systems, Service water heating systems, issuance of a Final Certificate of 7.4.4, 7.4.5
Pool heater and time switches. Occupancy
C403.2.9, C403.2.10,
Approved construction
HVAC-R insulation and sealing: Installed duct and piping insulation shall be visually inspected to verify proper C404.4; MC 603.9;
After installation and prior to closing documents; SMACNA Duct
IIB5 insulation placement and values. Joints, longitudinal and transverse seams and connections in ductwork shall ASHRAE 90.1 – 6.3,
shafts, ceilings and walls Construction Standards, Metal and
be visually inspected for proper sealing. 6.4.4, 6.8.2, 6.8.3;
Flexible
7.4.3
TR8:
https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/tr8.pdf
build safe | live safe 91 1 RCNY §5000-01 :

http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/rules/1_RCN
Y_5000-01.pdf
8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: SAMPLE PROGRESS INSPECTIONS
Reference Standard (See
Periodic ECC or Other
Inspection/Test ECC Chapter C6) or Other
(minimum) Citation
Criteria
IIB Mechanical and Service Water Heating Inspections

Approved construction documents; C402.2.7; BC 2111;
IIB1 Fireplaces: Provision of combustion air and tight-fitting fireplace doors shall be verified by visual inspection. Prior to final construction inspection ANSI Z21.60 (see also MC 904), MC Chapters 7, 8, 9;
ANSI Z21.50 FGC Chapter 6
Shutoff dampers: Dampers for stair and elevator shaft vents and other outdoor air intakes and exhaust
openings integral to the building envelope shall be visually inspected to verify that such dampers, except As required Approved construction documents; C403.2.4.3; ASHRAE
IIB2
where permitted to be gravity dampers, comply with approved construction drawings. Manufacturer’s during installation AMCA 500D 90.1 – 6.4.3.4
literature shall be reviewed to verify that the product has been tested and found to meet the standard.
C403.2, C404.2,
HVAC-R and service water heating equipment: Equipment sizing, efficiencies, pipe sizing and other C404.5, C404.9,
Approved construction documents;
performance factors of all major equipment units, as determined by the applicant of record, and no less than Prior to final plumbing and C406.2, ASHRAE 90.1
IIB3 ASHRAE 183, ASHRAE HVAC
15% of minor equipment units, shall be verified by visual inspection and, where necessary, review of construction inspection – 6.3, 6.4.1, 6.4.2,
Systems and Equipment Handbook
manufacturer’s data. Pool heaters and covers shall be verified by visual inspection. 6.4.5, 6.4.6, 6.5.11,
6.8, 7.4, 7.8
HVAC-R and service hot water system controls: No less than 20% of each type of required controls and After installation and prior to final
economizers shall be verified by visual inspection and tested for functionality and proper operation. Such electrical and construction C403.2, C404.3,
Approved construction documents,
controls shall include, but are not limited to: Thermostatic, Off-hour, Zones, Freeze protection/Snow- and ice- inspection, except that for controls C403.4, C403.5,
including control system
melt system, Ventilation System and Fan Controls, Energy recovery systems, Kitchen/lab exhaust systems, Fan with seasonally dependent C404.6, C404.7,
IIB4 narratives; ASHRAE Guideline 1:
systems serving single and multiple zones, Outdoor heating systems, HVAC control in hotel/motel guest functionality, such testing shall be C404.9; ASHRAE 90.1
A Progress Inspections Table must be included in the Supporting Documentation
rooms, Air/Water Economizers & controls, Hydronic systems, Heat rejection systems, Hot gas bypass performed before sign-off for
The HVAC Commissioning Process,
where applicable
– 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6,
limitation, Refrigeration systems, Door switches, Computer room systems, Service water heating systems, issuance of a Final Certificate of 7.4.4, 7.4.5
Pool heater and time switches. drawings, noting all applicable inspections to be performed based on the scope of
Occupancy
work, plus Reference Standards and NYCECC Citations. Approved construction C403.2.9, C403.2.10,
HVAC-R insulation and sealing: Installed duct and piping insulation shall be visually inspected to verify proper C404.4; MC 603.9;
insulation placement and values. Joints, longitudinalThe design applicant must alsoshallinclude contract
After installation and prior language
to closing requiring
documents; SMACNAtheDuctcontractor to
IIB5 and transverse seams and connections in ductwork ASHRAE 90.1 – 6.3,
shafts, ceilings and walls Construction Standards, Metal and
be visually inspected for proper sealing.
identify time in the construction schedule for the progress inspections. Flexible
6.4.4, 6.8.2, 6.8.3;
7.4.3
TR8:

Y_5000-01.pdf
8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: PROGRESS INSPECTIONS REVIEW
What are the applicable progress inspections for HVAC & SHW?
Inspection / Test (As indicated on the TR8) Frequency
Fireplaces (IIB1)
Prior to final construction inspection
Provisions of combustion air and tight-fitting fireplace doors shall be verified by visual inspection.
Shutoff dampers (IIB2)

Dampers for stair and elevator shaft vents and other outdoor air intakes and exhaust openings integral
to the building envelope shall be visually inspected to verify that such dampers, except where As required during installation
permitted to be gravity dampers, comply with approved construction drawings.
Manufacturer’s literature shall be reviewed to verify that the product has been tested and found to
meet the standard.
HVAC-R and service water heating equipment (llB3)

Equipment sizing, efficiencies, pipe sizing and other performance factors of all major equipment units,
as determined by the applicant of record, and no less than 15% of minor equipment units, shall be Prior to final plumbing and construction
verified by visual inspection and, where necessary, review of manufacturer’s data. inspection
Pool heaters and covers shall be verified by visual inspection.
TR8:

Y_5000-01.pdf
HVAC-R and service water heating system controls (IIB4)

No less than 20% of each type of required controls and economizers shall be verified by visual inspection and tested for
functionality and proper operation. Such controls shall include, but are not limited to:
 Thermostatic
 Off-hour Controls with seasonally dependent functionality: Controls whose
 Zones complete operation cannot be demonstrated due to prevailing weather
 Freeze protection/Snow- and ice-melt system conditions typical of the season during which progress inspections will After installation and prior
 Ventilation System and Fan Controls be performed shall be permitted to be signed off for the purpose of a to final electrical and
 Energy recovery systems Temporary Certificate of Occupancy with only a visual inspection, construction inspection,
 Kitchen/lab exhaust systems provided, however, that the progress inspector shall perform a except that for controls
 Fan systems serving single and multiple zones supplemental inspection where the controls are visually inspected and with seasonally dependent
 Outdoor heating systems tested for functionality and proper operation during the next immediate functionality, such testing
 HVAC control in hotel/motel guest rooms season thereafter. shall be performed before
 Air/Water Economizers & controls sign-off for issuance of a
 Hydronic systems The owner shall provide full access to the progress inspector within two Final Certificate of
 Heat rejection systems weeks of the progress inspector’s request for such access to perform the Occupancy
 Hot gas bypass limitation progress inspection.
 Refrigeration systems
 Door switches For such supplemental inspections, the Department shall be notified by
 Computer room systems the approved progress inspection agency of any unresolved deficiencies
 Service water heating systems in the installed work within 180 days of such supplemental inspection.
 Pool heater and time switches
TR8:

Y_5000-01.pdf

HVAC-R insulation and sealing (IIB5)
Installed duct and piping insulation shall be visually inspected to verify proper insulation placement and
After installation and prior to closing
values.
shafts, ceilings and walls
Joints, longitudinal and transverse seams and connections in ductwork shall be visually inspected for
proper sealing.
Duct leakage testing (llB6)

For duct systems designed to operate at static pressures in excess of 3 inches w.g. (746 Pa), After installation and sealing and prior to
representative sections, as determined by the progress inspector, totaling at least 25% of the duct area, closing shafts, ceilings and walls
per ECC C403.2.9.1.3 or ASHRAE 90.1 6.4.4.2.2, shall be tested to verify that actual air leakage is below
allowable amounts.
TR8:

Y_5000-01.pdf
8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: TR8 REPORT

The applicant (R.A. or P.E.) defines the required progress
inspections by checking “Y” or “N” in the left-hand column
under section 3 of the TR8 form.
Prior to Permit, the designated

Progress Inspector must initial and
date each inspection they will be
responsible for, and sign/seal under
section 5 of the TR8 form. If
multiple Progress Inspectors are
involved in a project, each one must
submit a signed/sealed TR8 for their
scope of inspection services.


Upon completion of the applicable

inspections, the Progress Inspector
initials and dates each inspection
performed (column 3C). Any
inspections assigned to the Progress
Inspector that are not performed are
addressed through column 3D
(withdraw responsibilities). Final
signatures and seals are provided in
section 6 of the TR8 form.

Progress Inspections – Back-up
VSD Controller Per NYC Administrative Code
§28-116.2.3:
■ A record of all inspections shall be kept by the
person performing the inspection
 The commissioner can require inspection reports to be
filed with the Department
 Records of inspections shall be maintained for a
period of six years after sign-off, or for such other
period of time as the commissioner may require
CO2 Sensor &  Records of inspections shall be made available to the
Thermostat DOB upon request
EN2 Form:
While a specific format is not stated,
inspection records can include: ■ This DOB form is signed by the progress inspector,
certifying that the values in either the last approved
► Logs, reports, meeting minutes Energy Analysis or in the as-built Energy Analysis
► Photographs represent values in the constructed building
► Annotated Drawings

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: PROGRESS INSPECTIONS EN2 FORM

8. SUBMISSIONS & INSPECTIONS: PROGRESS INSPECTIONS EN2 FORM
The Progress Inspectors and design applicants will

need to coordinate to ensure that the as-built
conditions and approved energy analysis are
consistent. An as-built energy analysis update may be
required.

9. RESOURCES
Slides 103 to 109

9. RESOURCES: OVERVIEW
■ Resources and links;
■ DOB assistance; and
■ Image/Photo Credits & Copyrights

9. RESOURCES: ABBREVIATIONS KEY
• CAV (or CV): Constant Air Volume • HVAC: Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning
• CHW: Chilled Water • HW: Hot Water
• COP: Coefficient of Performance • SHW: Service Hot Water
• DB: Dry-Bulb (temperature) • DHW: Domestic Hot Water
• DDC: Direct Digital Control • IPLV: Integrated Part-Load Value
• DOB: Department of Buildings • NPLV: Non-Standard Part-Load Value
• DX: Direct Expansion • SP: Static Pressure
• EER: Energy Efficiency Ration • VAV: Variable Air Volume
• ERV: Energy Recovery Ventilator • VFD: Variable Frequency Drive
• HP: Horse Power (Nameplate) • VSD: Variable Speed Drive
• HP: Heat-Pump • WB: Wet-Bulb (temperature)
• BHP: Brake Horse Power • WSHP: Water-Source Heat-Pump

9. RESOURCES: RESOURCES & LINKS
The resources below have been referenced in this module
Resource Link
http://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/2016-energy-
2016 NYCECC
conservation-code.page
Local Law 91 of 2016 http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll91of2016.pdf
Local Law 125 of 2016 http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/local_laws/ll125of2016.pdf
Code Notes http://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/list-code-notes.page
NYCECC FAQ http://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/nycecc-faq.page
1 RCNY §5000-01 http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/rules/1_RCNY_5000-01.pdf
1 RCNY §101-07 http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/rules/1_RCNY_101-07.pdf
Buildings Bulletins http://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/building-bulletins/page
EN1, EN2, and TR8
http://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/energy-code-forms.page
Forms

9. RESOURCES: RESOURCES & LINKS
The resources below have been referenced in this module (continued)
Resource Link
REScheck/COMcheck https://www.energycodes.gov/
Blower Door Testing https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/blower-door-tests
One City: Built to Last https://www1.nyc.gov/site/builttolast/index.page
New York City
https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/nyc-code.page
Construction Codes
Energy Code:
https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/h2g_all.pdf
Supporting Documents
How To Guide

9. RESOURCES: DOB ASSISTANCE
Questions on the NYCECC

can be submitted to DOB at:
EnergyCode@buildings.nyc.gov

9. RESOURCES
IMAGE/PHOTO CREDITS & COPYRIGHTS
Company or Individual Slide Numbers
NYC Department of Buildings 103
US DOE Building Energy Codes
70
University

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NYCECC HVAC 2 OVERVIEW:

2016 NYC Energy Conservation Code

One City: Built to last:

Permission is granted for the noncommercial use and

© 2019 City of New York. All rights reserved.

build safe | live safe 3

■ Technical issues and strategies related to Complex Systems in

■ NYC DOB Energy Code Submission Requirements & Progress

build safe | live safe 4

This module addresses HVAC criteria related to all commercial

HVAC criteria related to low-rise residential buildings are covered

build safe | live safe 5

build safe | live safe 6

The Attention icon brings up Callouts with key points and

The Links icon takes you to related DOB web pages or

build safe | live safe 7

The Documentation icon addresses DOB documentation

The Inspection icon addresses DOB Progress Inspection

The Code Reference icon refers to relevant Code sections.

build safe | live safe 8

Types & Schematics ● Code Requirements ●

3. CONTROLS Thermostatic Controls ● Supply Air Reset 24

build safe | live safe 9

2-Pipe ● 3-Pipe ● Heat Pump Loop ●

7. SERVICE HOT WATER Efficiency Requirements ● Controls ● 64

build safe | live safe 10

9. RESOURCES Abbreviations Key ● References & 103

build safe | live safe 11

In this section you will learn about:

■ Overview of Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems including general

■ Understand differences and requirements for Single Duct VAV, Dual

build safe | live safe 12

System Type Requirements:

Complex HVAC: C403.4; Multiple zone VAV

Multi-zone - VAV Requirements &

Single Duct VAV: C403.4.4.1; Dual Duct VAV

Code requirements for Mixing Boxes:

Dual Duct VAV: C403.4.4.2 & C403.4.4.3;

In this section you will learn about:

■ Code requirements for use of Air-Side Economizers;

■ Types of Economizers and schematics; and

■ Allowable exceptions for Economizer requirements.

build safe | live safe 20

build safe | live safe 21

Economizer Control Methods:

■ Fixed dry bulb

Economizer fault detection and diagnostics

Economizer Control Methods:

Economizer fault detection and diagnostics

In this section you will learn about:

■ Thermostatic control requirements;

■ Supply air reset controls requirements; and

■ Static pressure and fan control requirements.

build safe | live safe 24

Thermostatic controls: C403.2.4.1;

build safe | live safe 26 Supply air temperature controls: C403.4.4.5

build safe | live safe 27 Supply air temperature controls: C403.4.4.5

Static Pressure (SP) Reset:

■ Electrical or mechanical variable speed

In this section you will learn about:

■ What a Chiller is – as well as different Chiller technologies such

■ Condenser types; and

■ Rating conditions / controls.