‫‪Eng.

Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts  Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫سؤقوم بشرح تصميمات االعمال الكهربية ودورة ‪ Electrical Power Distribution‬وتستهدف هذه الدورة مهندسين الكهرباء وطالب‬
‫كليات الهندسة قسم كهرباء والتى تإهلكم لسوق العمل فى مجال المقاوالت والمشاريع الكهربابية سواء فى المكاتب اإلستشارية أو حتى‬
‫شركات المقاوالت حيث يتم شرح الجانب العملى لعملية التصميمات الكهربية فى أى مشروع إنشابى والتطبيق على مشروع تم تنفيذه‬
‫فعليا ‪,,,,,,‬‬

‫وأدعوا هللا ان تعم الفابدة على الجميع بإذن هللا تعالى وال تنسونا من صالح دعابكم وأرجو الدعاء ألبى بالرحمة وألمى بالشفاء‬

‫‪Contents:‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪Introduction‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪Autocad‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪Transformers‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪Lighting Design‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Lighting Circuits Plan Design‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪Power Design‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪Power Circuits Plan Design‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪Design Load Panel Schedule‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪Earthing Design‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫‪Low Current Design‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪B.O.Q‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Eng. Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts  Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫الوحاضزة االولً ‪ :‬هقذهت‬

‫االطراف المشتركة فى أى مشروع‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ .1‬المالك ‪ :‬وهو الذى يحدد طبيعة المشروع ومتطلباته وهو أيضا من يمول المشروع‬
‫‪ .2‬االستشارى العام ‪ :‬وهو من يقوم بعمل التصميم الكامل للمشروع وعمل المخططات ووضع الشروط الفنية وأيضا من‬
‫يقوم باالشراف على التنفيذ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬المقاول ‪ :‬هو من يقوم بتنفيذ جميع االعمال الواردة فى المخططات وطبقا لشروط التنفيذ الذى يحددها االستشارى‪.‬‬

‫أهم أعمال المقاول ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اعداد لوحات الــ (‪ )Shop Drawing‬ويكون موضح عليها مسارات الكابالت والمواسير وجميع االبعاد‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬تنفيذ جميع االعمال طبقا للمخططات والمواصفات الفنية والجدول الزمنى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اعداد اللوحات النهابية للمشروع (‪ )As Built‬بعد نهاية المشروع وتقديمها لالستشارى ألنها ستكون المرجع االساسى لمهندس‬
‫الصيانة فيما بعد‪.‬‬

‫أهم أعمال االستشارى ‪:‬‬

‫اعداد التصميمات والمخططات وشروط التنفيذ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫االشراف على المقاول اثناء تنفيذ المشروع واستالم االعمال منه‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اعتماد عينات للمواد التى سيقوم المقاول باستخدامها فى المشروع‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫التؤكد من تسليم الرسومات النهابية (‪.)As Built Drawing‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫المتطلبات العامة للتصميمات الكهربية ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬المتطلبات المعمارية ‪ :‬وهى معرفة وظيفة كل مساحة وكل مكان فى المخططات وكذلك التنسيق مع مهندس الديكور لمعرفة‬
‫متطلباته‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬المتطلبات الميكانيكية ‪ :‬وهى معرفة جميع االحمال الميكانيكية مثل المصاعد والتكييف المركزى وساللم الكهرباء وأماكن‬
‫توزيعها‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬المتطلبات الكهربية ‪ :‬تحديد متطلبات المشروع من انارة ومعدات وأجهزة مساعدة كالتيار الخفيف ووجود أحمال طوارئ‪.‬‬

‫مراحل توليد ونقل الطاقة الكهربية ‪:‬‬

‫أنواع محطات الطاقة ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬محطات توليد أو انتاج ووظيفتها انتاج الطاقة وتكون بالقرب من مصادر الطاقة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬محطات التوزيع وتقوم بخفض الجهد وتوزيعها على االحمال وتكون بالقرب من أماكن االحمال‪.‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Eng. Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts  Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫يتم توليد الطاقة الكهربية فى محطات انتاج الطاقة بالقرب من مصادر انتاج الطاقة ويتم انتاجها بجهد متوسط (‪ )11 or 13.8KV‬ثم بعد‬
‫ذلك يتم رفع الجهد الكهربى الى جهد عالى (‪ )50 or 220KV‬عن طريق محوالت رفع الجهد وخفض التيار تمهيدا لنقلها عبر خطوك‬
‫االنتاج (‪ )Transmission Line‬وهذه الخطوط اما هوابية أو أرضية ثم بعد ذلك بالقرب من اماكن التوزيع ووجود االحمال يتم خفض‬
‫الجهد الكهربى عن طريق محوالت خفض الجهد الى ‪ 66KV‬ثم الى ‪ 33KV‬ثم الى ‪ 22KV‬ثم الى ‪ 11KV‬ثم الى ‪.380V‬‬

‫محطات التوليد ‪:‬‬

‫حرارة ‪ :‬وهى نوعان نوع يستخدم بخار المياه (بخارية) ونوع اخر يتم فيه حرق الغازات (غازية)‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫الرياح ‪ :‬ويتم فيها زرع التوربينات الهوابية ولكن البد من وجود أماكن مفتوحة وتكون فيها سرعة الرياح عالية‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫المياه ‪ :‬ويتم فيها زرع التوربينات المابية فى االماكن التى يكون فيها المد والجزر عالى أو عن طلريق السدود لحجز المياه‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫وتصميم قنوات خالل هذه السدود وعندما تفتح هذه القنوات تندفع المياه بقوة نحو التوربينات فتقوم بتحريك شفرات التوربينات‪.‬‬
‫االلواح الشمسية ‪ :‬تقوم بامتصاص أشعة الشمس وانتاج تيار كهربى مستمر وتخزينها فى بطاريات ويتم تمريرها على‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪ Inverter‬لتحويله لتيار متردد‪.‬‬

‫القدرة الكهربية ‪:‬‬

‫هى المعدل الزمنى لتدفق الطاقة الكهربية فى دابرة كهربية وتقاس بالـ (جول‪/‬ث) أو بالـ (الوات) ‪W‬‬

‫أنواع القدرة الكهربية ‪:‬‬

‫‪ Active Power .1‬القدرة الفعالة ‪ :‬وهى القدرة التى استفاد منها بصورة أخرى سواء حرارية أو حركية أو ضوبية‬
‫‪Single Phase  P = V * I * Cos Ɵ = V * I * P.F‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫‪3 Phase‬‬ ‫‪ P = √3 * V * I * Cos Ɵ = √3 * V * I * P.F‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫وتقاس بالوات ”‪“W‬‬
‫‪ Reactive Power .2‬القدرة غير الفعالة ‪ :‬وهى القدرة التى ال أستفاد منها وال تؤتى بارادتى مع االحمال وغالبا تكون بسبب‬
‫‪Q = V * I * Sin Ɵ‬‬ ‫المكثفات والملفات وذلك الختالف زاوية الطور بين الجهد والتيار ووحدتها (‪)VAR‬‬
‫‪ Apparent Power .3‬القدرة المركبة ‪ :‬وهى مجموع القدرة الفعالة والقدرة الغير فعال وتقاس بالـ (‪S = P + jQ )VA‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
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123456748209:;360<7=567>?57:@0A:?6=30
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4
‫‪Eng. Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ) ‪(Sound System‬‬

‫‪Ø Main Component of Sound System:‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Loudspeaker‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Volume Control‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Power Amplifier‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Audio Matrix‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Sound Source‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪SSR (Sound System Rack‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Wiring System‬‬

‫‪1. Loudspeakers:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺗﺭ )ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ ‪a) Ceiling Mounted (1.5 / 3 / 6 Watt‬‬

‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺣﺗﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺗﺭ )ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ ‪b) Wall Mounted (1.5 / 3 / 6 Watt‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻛﻝ ﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻐﻁﻰ ﺣﻭﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ )‪ 67‬ﻡ‪ (²‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ )‪ 5‬ﻣﺗﺭ(‬
‫‪No. of Speakers (1.5 : 6 Watt) = Area of Rooms / Speaker Coverage Area = No. of F.A Sensors‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻛﻝ ﺣﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪ 6‬ﻣﺗﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ 8‬ﻣﺗﺭ ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪F.A‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ F.A Detectors‬ﻭﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻣﻳﻥ ﻓﻭ ﻟﻭﺣﺔ ﺃﻭﺗﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻛﻝ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺕ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ‪2. Attenuator or Volume Control:‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

‫‪3. Power Amplifiers:‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﺍﻟـ ‪ Amplifier‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﺑﻧﻔﺱ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﺓ )‪(50, 100, 150, 200, 250 , ……., 500 Watt‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪ Amplifier‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻛﻝ ‪.Zone‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟـ ‪.Zones‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪- Amplifier Capacity = 6 (Watt) * No. of Speakers à and select the next standard‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
‫‪62‬‬
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

4. Audio Matrix:
‫ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺝ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﻁ ﺃﻭ‬CD/DVD ‫ﻭﻳﻌﻣﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﺑﻁ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺕ )ﺍﻟﺩﺧﻝ( ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺭﻭﻓﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺩﻳﻭ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ -
.‫ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻙ‬Zones ‫ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﺧﻝ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺝ‬ -

Inputs may be 1 , 2 , 4 , 8

Outputs may be 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , 24 , 36 , 48 , 64

5. Sound Source:
- Microphones
- Radio Tuner FM/AM
- Cassette Player
- CD / DVD Player
- Signal From Fire Alarm System

6. SSR (Sound System Rack):

.‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﻛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺩﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻳﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻳﻪ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺟﺩ ﻓﻰ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺿﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺭﺿﻰ‬ -
-
7. Sound System Cable:
- 2 * 2 mm² Copper Stranded Twisted Pair in 20 mm Diameter UPVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electrical Power Distribution Course
63
‫‪Eng. Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ )‪(CCTV‬‬

‫‪Ø CCTV Meaning à Closed Circuit Television System‬‬

‫‪Ø Main Component of CCTV System:‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Camera‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Video Matrix‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪DVR (Digital Video Recorder‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Monitor‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Control Keypad‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Wiring System‬‬

‫‪Ø Types of Cameras:‬‬

‫‪1. Fixed Camera:‬‬

‫‪a) Dome Camera‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺃﻓﺽ ﺍﻻﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺷﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻟﻳﺳﺕ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺭﻳﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﻼﻋﺏ ﻭﺍﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺳﺔ ﻣﺧﻔﻰ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻬﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﺛﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺭﻛﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ )‪ (Indoor‬ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻘﻑ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻘﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻌﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻳﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﺷﻌﻭﺓ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺣﻣﺭﺍء ﻟﻠﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻠﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪b) Box Camera‬‬
‫ﺗﺭﻛﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺋﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻘﻑ ﻭﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻥ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺻﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﻬﺎ )ﻓﻰ ﻣﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﺩ( ﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻟﺣﻣﺎﻳﺗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪2. Moving Camera:‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺗﺣﺭﻛﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻘﺭﻳﺏ )‪a) PTZ Camera (Pan Tilt Zoom Camera‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻛﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺗﺟﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍ ﻭﺗﻘﺭﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻏﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻌﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ ‪.Indoor / Outdoor‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

b) Motorized Camera

.‫( ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻝ ﻣﺗﺣﺭﻙ‬Fixed) ‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﺑﺕ‬ -
.Indoor / Outdoor ‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ -

3. Digital Recording Camera:

.‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍ ﻳﻭﺟﺩ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺹ ﺻﻠﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ -
4. Day and Night Camera:

‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﻳﻝ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻅﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻣﺱ‬ -

Ø Video Matrix (Multiplexer):

- Mix between cameras as inputs (4, 8, 9, 16, 24,

48, 64) and screen display as outputs (4, 8, 9, 16,
24, 48).
- 64 Cameras (I/P) and 16 Screen Display (O/P).
- 48 Cameras (I/P) and 24 Screen Display (O/P).
- 64 Cameras (I/P) and 24 Screen Display (O/P).
- 16 Cameras (I/P) and 8 Screen Display (O/P), .etc.

Ø DVR (Digital Video Recorder):

.‫ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺑﺗﺳﺟﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺹ ﺻﻠﺏ ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺭﺑﻁﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﺭﻧﺕ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻯ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ‬ -

Ø Monitor:
.‫ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻯ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﺧﺭ‬LCD Monitor ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ -

Ø Control Keypad:

.‫ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺩﺩ ﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻭﺃﻳﻬﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻣﻝ‬ -

Ø Wiring System:

- Cat 6 in 20 mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling or Wall.

- Or Coaxial Cable RG6 in 20 mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Ceiling or Wall.

‫ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ‬Ø
.‫ ﻣﺗﺭ‬7 ‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﺗﻐﻁﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻﻑ ﻗﻁﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ‬ -
.UPS ‫ﻻ ﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻭﺣﺔ‬ -
.‫ ﻣﺗﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﺋﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻘﻑ‬7 ‫( ﻛﻝ‬Fixed) ‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﻳﺭﺍ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ‬ -
.(FA, ITR, CCTV, SS) 1000VA ‫ ﻭﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺗﻬﺎ‬Draw Out Box ‫ﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻝ ﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﻔﻳﻑ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬ -

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Electrical Power Distribution Course
65
‫‪Eng. Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﻉ )‪(Street Lighting‬‬

‫‪ Ø‬ﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﻉ ﻻ ﺑﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﺎﻁ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻁﻭﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ Ø‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ ﻳﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺗﻘﺭﻳﺑﺎ )‪ (1:0.7‬ﻣﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ )‪ (h = 0.7 : 1 h‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ h‬ﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ ﻭ ‪ W‬ﻫﻭ ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺣﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﺳﻛﻧﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻗﺻﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺳﻣﻭﺡ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪12‬ﻡ‬

‫‪ Ø‬ﻁﻭﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻁﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺣﻭﺍﻟﻰ ‪ 60‬ﺳﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Ø‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺍﻉ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 20‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ 45‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ Ø‬ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﻉ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺩﻳﻭﻡ ﺿﻐﻁ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ )‪ (HPS‬ﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﻔﺭ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩﺓ ﺍﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺃﻧﺣﺎء ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻰ‪(150W , 250W , 400W , 600W , 1000W) .‬‬
‫ﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺑﺧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺩﻳﻭﻡ ﺿﻐﻁ ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺽ )‪ (LPS‬ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺷﻭﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺗﻰ ﻳﻛﺛﺭ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺿﺑﺎﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺻﺎﺑﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺗﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻟﻳﺩ )‪ (Metal Halide‬ﻟﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻳﺽ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﺍﺋﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺯﻫﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ 150W‬ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻼﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺣﺗﻰ ‪ 6‬ﻣﺗﺭ ‪ 250W ,‬ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻟﻸﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﺣﺗﻰ ‪ 12‬ﻣﺗﺭ ‪ 400W ,‬ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ‪ 14‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻓﻭﻕ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
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‫‪Eng. Mohamed Alshoura‬‬
‫‪Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura‬‬

‫‪ Ø‬ﻁﺭﻕ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺣﺗﻰ ‪ 16‬ﻡ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪ 16‬ﻡ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻣﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺩﺕ ﺟﺯﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﻁﻳﺔ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻳﺭﺓ ﺑﺫﺭﺍﻋﻳﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ‪ 16‬ﻡ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻳﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪ 16‬ﻣﺗﺭ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻁﺭﻓﻳﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ø Single Side:‬‬

‫ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻭ ﻳﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻭﺩ ‪w ≤ h‬‬

‫‪Ø Opposite Side:‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺗﻘﺎﺑﻝ ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻛﺑﺭ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﺻﻑ ﻣﻥ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻭﺩ ‪w > 1.5h‬‬

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‫‪Electrical Power Distribution Course‬‬
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

Ø Staggered Side (Double Row With Offset):

‫ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﺯﺝ ﺯﺍﺝ ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﺭﺓ‬ -
1.5 h > w > h ‫ﻭﻧﺻﻑ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻭﺩ‬

Ø Staggered Side (Double Row With Offset):

.‫ ﻓﺎﻧﻭﺱ‬2 ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺟﺯﻳﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﻁﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﺗﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻳﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺳﻁﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﺗﺣﺗﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ -

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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

:‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ‬Ø

‫ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺳﺭﻳﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻛﺑﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬Pole Distance = (1:2) h ‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ‬ -
: ‫ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻻ ﺑﺩ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺣﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻣﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬Pole Distance = (3:4) h ‫ﺍﻟﺳﻛﻧﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬

D : Distance between columns in (m)

U.F : Utilization Factor (Get from U.F Curve)

M.F : Maintenance Factor (Outdoor = 0.4 : 0.6)

Lumen : Flux Per Lamp (From Lamp’s Catalogue)

E : Required Lux (According to Roads)

W : Street Width in (m)

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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

Ø EX: For high way street with 1Km length and 14m width

- From Lux table and high way road we found the required Lux (E) = 30 Lux.
- We select 400W high pressure sodium lamp à Total Lamp Flux = 56500 lm
From Philips catalogue (150W à Total Lamp Flux = 17500 lm)
From Philips catalogue (250W à Total Lamp Flux = 33200 lm)
From Philips catalogue (400W à Total Lamp Flux = 56500 lm)
- Mounting height (h) = W = 14m
- W/h=1
- From U.F curve à U.F = 0.34

è D = (U.F * M.F * Lumen) / (E * W) = (0.34 * 0.6 * 56500) / (30 * 14) = 27.44 = 28m
è No. of Poles = 1000 / 28 = 35.7 = 38 Poles
è Actual Distance Between 2 Poles = 1000 / 38 = 26.3 m

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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

B.O.Q ‫ﺣﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ‬

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts à Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura

‫ﺗﻡ ﺑﺣﻣﺩ ﷲ‬

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