AD Introduction to Main Characters in the ‘Text e v = 4 \ donk e by ee TAR Ding Libs AKA MG Dawei 438 Lin Na ‘A Canadian student, ‘An American student, A British student, ‘aged 21, male. aged 22, male. aged 19, female. Gubo is his father, Ding Yun is his mother. SRR Song Hud £4& Wang xidoyun He e-F LU Yoping A Chinese student, ‘A Chinese student, A Chinese reporter, aged 20, male. aged 20, female. aged 26, male \e , ae Gy A oN 2598 Chen losht §KAAL Zhang jitoshou 42% Yang Woshi A Chinese teacher, ‘A Chinese professor, A Chinese teacher, aged 30, female. aged 48, male aged 32, male.This lesson begins by introducing some sounds uni 1) 10 the Chinese language, including tones. The Chinese writ- |i ing system dates back more than four thousand years, and it ‘| is expecially intriguing to see how Chinese cherecters devele ‘oped since their basically pictographic origins in ancient 1 China. By the end of the lesson, you will know eleven Chi- “nese characters and be able to express. some everyday greet- if ings in Chinese. J LU Yuping: Libé, ni héo.® BOF: Aik we Libo. Ni héo, Li Yuiping AK: tie 35, BB.big Words ni rR 2. nado A aF 3, LU Yoping PN Bea 4, Ubd pn Aa © Libs: Lin Na, nf héo ma? ® Aik: FRM, te AP Lin Na: WS hén hao, nine? © dR, RAR, HERP Libs, YE hén hio.® Aik: Ww AR Ho you good; well; fine; OK. (name of a Chinese reporter) (name of a Canadian student) [PR] GreetingsAB ig] New Wous ima rr we (interrogative particle for question expecting ‘yes-no answer) 2. WO Pr x I; me 3. hén Adv 4K very 4.ne MdPt (@ modal particle used for elliptical questions) 5. yé Adv AL 005 also 6. Lin Na PN AKI — (name of a British student) @® Ni héo. “Hello!”, “How do you do?” This is the most common form of greeting in Chinese. It can be used at any time of day when meeting people for the first time or for people you already know. The response to this greeting form is also “#s#E"(“NI ho"). @ Ni ho mar “How are you?” This is also a form of greeting, often used after you have not seen someone for some time, and the response is usually “#447” (“WS hén héo") or other similar formulae @® Ni ne? “And (how are) you?” @® Yé hén hoo. “(. am) fine (literally, very good), too.” ‘This is an elliptical sentence, with the subject “#%”(WO) omitted. In spoken Chinese, when the context is explicit and there is no ambiguity, the subject is ofien omitted. One may also say “AREF"(“HEN ho”) to answer the question “HRlEI? "(NI héo ma? ”). wey enue FO Initials: bp mn | oh WE Finls:s GQ 0 e€ ij ui a co en ie in ing uo 1) Students are required to master the characters of the purple new words in this lesson.ba bo bi bu bin bing pa po pi po pin ping ma mo mi ma ne n@o nie le lao lié luo he hao huo a a a ni ni ni ni hdo hao héo hao ni hao. t I fi fi bo b6 bd bo Libo fin lin lin lin na na na na Lin Na la I 1a ta ya yd yi yo ping ping Lu Yuping wo wo wo hen hén hen wo hén hao ye yé yé yé yé hén hao 3. BEE Sound discrimination ba — pa nd — ni wi — hi (eight) (female) (Give) (tiger) bing — bin pié — bid hud — wo fice) (left-falling strokes) (fire) oO 4, 3H Tone discrimination ma —— ma mu — mii yo —yi (horse) (mom) (wood ) (one) yé — ye ho —w. mén — men (also) (night) (strength) (in) (doer) ~6-5, =}248i4 Third-tone sandhi ni hao hén hdo =—-yé hdo-—-yé hén hao a BABE FAIURALFHIG Read the following classroom expressions aloud Ni hdo. Nimen hao. KEY SENTENCES 1. Ni héo. 2. Ni héo ma? 3. W6 hén héo, ni ne? 4. Yé hén hao. {—) [4732 "F Saying hello) 1. 52H F 52318 Complete the following dialogue Lin Na: Libo, nf hao! Libo; 2. FZ I% Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) A: (2) A:( [a4 Creetings] 1. 5¢M FIZZ Complete the following dialogue Ma Li; NI hdo ma? Lo Yi; —_______, —— 2 M@ Li; WO yé hén hao. 2. HARI Situational dialogue You run into a Chinese friend whom you haven't seen for a long time, What will you say to him/her? OF Listen and repeat MIF? PURSE, HRY? RLS Sree t=1 ee 1. FARA Initials and finals ‘A syllable in the common speech of modern Chinese ususlly consists of an initial, which is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, which constitutes the rest of the syllable. For example, in the syllable “ping”, “p” is the initial and “ing” is the final. A syllable ‘ean stand without an initial, such as “yé”, but all syllables must have a final, In the com- mon speech of modern Chinese, there are altogether 21 initials and 38 finals. 2. RBS Pronunciation key Initi m, 1, |, hare pronounced similarly to their counterparts in the English language. b like “p” in “speak” (unaspirated, voiceless) P like “p” in “park” (aspirated, voiceless) Note: Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants; b-p. Finals; € like “e” in “her” ie like “ye” in “yes” -ng (final) a nasalised sound like the “ng” in “bang” without pronouncing the “g} Note: The pronunciation of the “e” in a compound final is different from that of the simple final “e”.3. F#VH Tones Chinese is @ tonal language in which the tones convey differences in meaning. Aba) 4&(bG) (ba) (ba) In common speech there are four basic tones, represented respectively by the following come marks; “~" for the first tone, “ for the second tone, “" for the third tone, and «S* for the fourth tone. When a syllable contains only a single vowel, the tone mark is placed directly above “Se vowel letter as in “IX” and “hin”. The dot over the vowel “i” should be dropped if %e tone mark is placed above it, as in “ni”, “nin” and “ping”. When the final of the sllable is composed of two or more vowels, the tone mark should be placed above the awel pronounced with the mouth widest open (e.g. ho). The openness of the mouth for the vowels, from widest to smallest is as follows; Qoeiu. +. S)838i4 Third-tone sandhi A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pronounced = the second tone, but with the tone mark “~” remaining unchanged. For example; nl hdo == ni hao WO hén hdo. — Wé hén hdo. hén h@io + hén hoo Yé hin hao. — Yé hén héo. 7 SFERM Spelling rules At the beginning of u syllable, “i" is writen as “y” (eg. © — ye). “V" is written ss “yi” when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. 7 > yD. At the beginning of a syllable, “U” is written as “W” (eg. UO —> WO). “U” is written + "WU" when it forms a syllable all by itself (e.g. G > wii). When “L” is at the beginning of a syllable or forms a syllable by itself, a “y” is added it and the two dots over it are omitted (eg. & — yti). -9-QUANSAFF Word order in Chinese sentences ‘The main characteristic of Chinese grammar is that it lacks of morphological changes in person, tense, gender, number, and case in the strict sense. The word order, however, is very important to convey different grammatical meanings. The subject of a sentence is usually placed before the predicate. For example: Subject Predicate i t. | Ni ho Chinese characters originated from pictures. The history of their formation is very long, dating back to remote antiquity. Present-day Chinese characters, which evolved from ancient Chinese characters, are square-shaped. Here are some examples illustrating their long evolu- tion: Picture Oracle Bone | Small Seal Official Complex | Simplified Inscription | Character Script Char Char | im Regular | in Regular Script Seript SABES | ~10-1. FRM Basic strokes of Chinese characters Chinese characters are written by combining various kinds of “strokes”. ‘These strokes can be divided into “basic” strokes and “combined” strokes. Basic strokes of Chinese characters Example | Way to Write ‘The dot is written from top to bottom-right, as in the first stroke of “f]”. — >| héng —— | The horizontal stroke is written from left to right. . stroke is written from top downward to Pd jp me bottom, as in the second stroke of “ . Dv) pe A! ‘The downward-left stroke is written from top to | ° bottomleft, aa in the second stroke of “i. CP oT ‘The downwardright stroke is written fmm top to ESN] A petom- ight, as in the second stroke of “/\”. i | x |The upward stroke is written from bottomdlett to | | top-right, as in the fourth stroke of “42”, 2. WEBAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ay _ queso yi one 1 stroke @a~n Pm ba ‘eight 2 strokes aA Wa" fi ‘strength 2 strokes x cy T1(F4) “Tn Be He mén door 3 strokes art (5) ant ye too; also 3 strokes -u-© 4 (8) 7H ma horse 3 strokes Note: “3” is written as “3” om the left side of a character. me Lak 4 nd female 3 strokes Note: “4c” is written as “4 " on the left side of a character. @ & TAR wit five 4 strokes wk -ttk t mo wood 4 strokes “Note: “AL” is written as “4” on the left side of a character. coy K VER ie hud fire 4 strokes Note: “XK” is written as “~~” at the bottom of a character. 3. (ASHI Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts a lin BO No The Chinese Language (Hanyu) and “Common Speech” (Putonghua) Scholars think Chinese writing originated almost four thousand years ago and that the spoken language goes back to remote antiquity, making it one of the world’s oldest languages. Tn spite of its great age, Chinese is now one of the most widely used living languages. ‘The language is spoken in many dialects within China, as well as in many overseas Chinese com- munities, especially in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas. And there are more than a billion native speakers of Chinese worldwide. It is one of the languages the United Nations uses when conducting official business. 12Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Hanyu, literally “language “uf the Han”, refers to the standard Chinese language, and is spoken by the Han, Hui, Manchu, and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the population of China. ‘There are fifty-six recognized ethnic groups in China, using as many as eighty different languages. Chinese includes variants from seven main dialect groups. ‘The northem or Mandarin di- alect covers three fourths of China’s territory and includes two thirds of its population. Stan- dard Chinese is also known by its official designation, Pulonghua, literally “common speech”. Putonghua is based on the northern dialect,using the dialect of Beijing as the basis for its Pronunciation and modern vernacular literature for its grammatical structure. This is the Chi- nese that is taught in this textbook. ~13-Have you ever wanted to say hello in j |) Chinese to your friends? By the end of this | || lesson, you will be able to greet others and 1 |) express your needs. J af GG 1® Lesson 2°) Ni mang ma mE bra aren © C UIRRLAL Greetings > Lin Na; LU Yuping, ni ho mare aR OMB: AF, Ue 3? Lu Yuiping: Wo hén héo. Ni baba, mama hdo ma? © BOF: & RH hh ES. WH H 4? Lin Na; Tamen dou hén héo.® Ni mang ma? aR: qin 4 AR RE? Lo Yuping: Wo bu méng. Ni ndn péngyou ne? BOF: A A HB MR RP? Lin Na; Ta hén mang. aR Hh: #e Wk ee -14-AE ig] Nem Wonts 1. mang A *2.ma Pt 3. baba N 4.mama =N 5.tamen Pr ta Pr men Suf 6. dou Adv 7. bu Ady 8. nén A 9. péngyou N #10. ne MdPt Ding Libo; T Aik: Gege: a4: Didi: Bae Ding Libo; T Ak: e “ bE Fy AeA te a ae % & BA ve busy (a particle used for questions expecting 2 yes-no answer) dad mom they them he; him (used after pronouns 7%, #f, fl or certain nouns to denote plural) both; all not no male friend (a modal particle used for elliptical questions) Gége, ni yao kafai ma? © es FF, te KH vorie wy? WO yao kafei KR B srk, Wo yé yao kafei. © Aw & re, Hao, wémen dou hé kaféei. © a3, 8 as oir, £1) Words marked by en asterisk have appeared in previous lessons. ~15-EE ig] Sew Wor 1. gége N FF elder brother 2. yao v & to want 3. Kofi = NDE coffee 4. didi N cd younger brother s.women Pro AUT wes us 6. hé v % to drink 7. Ding py (a sumame) fe Nees @® Ni baba, mama héio ma? “How are your mom and dad?” ni baba your dad, nf mama —— your mom, ni n6n péngyou — your boyfriend. @ Tamen dou hén héo. “They are both fine (literally, very good).” ® NI yao kaféi ma? “Do you want coffee? ” “E052 "(ANT yoo -- maz”) is a sentence pattern commonly used when asking what others want, whereas “FBE--"(“WO yo =") is used to express what “I want”. @ Wo yé yao kafai. “I want coffee, too.” ® Women dou he katei. “We all drink coffee.” Pees) Pronunciation Drills FH Initilsd t g kf #4} Finals: ei ou an ang eng ido iou(-iu) 1. SHH Spelling dé dou dan dang t6 tou tan tang gé gou gan gang ké kou kan kang -16-bai ban béng _bido péi pan péng pido fei fan feng dia hei han héng nid 2. DUF¥ The four tones ta ta ta men mén men wo wo wo ni ni nt ni nan nén nan nan péng péng pong péng you you you you ba bu bt bu mang = mang ge gé gé ge di di di di he he ne ka ka fei féi 18i fai 3. BEB Sound discrimination da — ta ké — gé (big) (may) dou —— dud gen — géng (all) (many) (to follow) 4, $84 Tone discrimination dao — dao. tiv — tu (knife) (soil) ni —ni fie. — lit (Buddhist nun) (six) tamen women nimen nén péngyou bu mang gége didi hé kaféi k6u = ——~ géu (mouth ) (dog) ding — ting (nail) (to listen) you —— ydu (again) (to have) kan ~ kan, (to see) -17-5. $378 Neutral tone baba mama gége didi nimen women tamen hao ma? Ni ne? Ni-ndn péngyou ney 6. SEAWRELE Practice on disyllabic words yinliGo (arinks) yeye (grandpa) KBle (coke) méimei (younger sister) héinb&o (hamburger) fayin (pronunciation) pinggud (apple) heibGn (blackboard) 7. BARE TAIRA Read the following classroom expressions aloud Ting w6 fayin. (Listen to my pronunciation.) Kan héiban. (Look at the blackboard.) - Tamen dou hén héo. . NI mang ma? WO bi méng. }. Ni yao kaféi ma? Wé yao katéi. (—) [4851.4 Greetings) cM F ZH Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Da Lin, ni mang ma? B: Ni ne? Ar (2) A: NI béba mama héo maz B: . NI gége ne? A: -18—(3) A: Ni didi héo ma? Bro None? A: (=) [##32 Asking what someone wants) 1. 5€MQ FAI Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Nin yao kaféi maz : W6 yao kaféi. @ : Ni ne? A Cc; (2) A: Ni yao _____s maz B A, Ni nev Cc 2. HZiG Make a dialogue based on the picture () A: (2) A: =) Ofi# Listen and repeat KEE BD AED? BEA AR ARSE 0 ~19-f. iS Phone 1. $878 Neutral tone In the common speech of modern Chinese, there are a number of syllables which are unstressed and are pronounced in a “weak” tone. This is known as the neutral tone and is indicated by the absence of a tone mark. For example: 4 ma we ne 41) men 2. RBH Pronunciation key Initials: fis pronounced similarly to its counterpart in the English language like “t” in “stay” (unaspirated) t Tike “e” in “tag” (aspirated) Q a soft unaspirated “k” sound k like “k” in “kangaroo” (aspirated) Note: Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants; d-t, g-k. Finals: €i like “ay” in “play” (light) ou like “o” in “so” an like “an” in “can” (without stressing the “n”) 3. BFGMM Spelling rules ‘The compound final “iou” is written as “iu” tone mark is placed on “u”. For example: lid (six). 1. BSAA Sentences with an adjectival predicate when it comes after an initial and the Predicate BF 0 hao. w® it. hén mang. A te _ bu mana. 46H ® ® Tamen dou hén hao.Adjectives in Chinese can function directly as predicates. This kind of sentence is called a sentence with an adjectival predicate. Adjectives in this kind of sentence ean be modified by adverbs such as “fi”, “ti”, and “#$”. The negative form of sentences witl adjectival predicate is generated by placing the negative adverb “AS” before the adjective that functions as the predicate. For example: “#8764”. Note: Adverbs such as “#R", “tlh”, and “®B” must be placed before the adjective they modify. an 2. FAW” RUJBAEIIt] “Yes-no” question with “Ki” A declarative sentence can be changed into a “yes-no” question by adding the question particle “i” at the end of it. Statement Question ae | USE. Pps? Ni héo. —> Ni hie maz MEE WG TBE, ALE ey h HB y 2 [Ta baba mama dou hito. Ta baba mama dou hao ma? __ Shit. etn? Ta mang Ta mang ma? ONE PRE omen 2 Ni yao kafai. NI yao kaféi ma? 1. USHAWF Loam and write basic Chinese characters wT ~T ding nail 2 strokes @ 7 Wi dao knife 2 strokes Note: “77” is written as “J” on the right side of a character. a) & IX you again 2 strokes Note: “2.” was originally a pictograph of “the right hand”. az “FK da big 3 strokes6) 2 ,.re kou mouth 3 strokes ot -~t# A ta earth 3 strokes i i Note; “+” is written as “3 ” on the left side of a character. i i Or PK cet iu six 4 strokes a’ (3) TTR “AR bu no, not 4 strokes < 9) 7"? PPK ni Buddhist nun 5 strokes io) > Tee a ké can, may 5 strokes 2. WSC PHM Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts: (1) ™%} ma () Bwooe+g (“2” denotes the meaning of speaking, “#” denotes the pronunciation) (2) % ne Roa + kh (“w2” denotes the meaning of speaking, “/2,” denotes the pronunciation) (3) 4344 mama (454%) Brx+G (“4 " denotes the meaning of woman, “5” denotes the pronunciation) (4) FF gége FO THTpgieiipal i Chinese Characters and Simplified Script The Chinese script is the only logographie writing system still in daily use in the world today. Unlike the alphabetic systems used by most languages, Chinese seript is made up of characters, the majority of which are “pictophonetie”. Most consist of one component indicat- ing the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the signific or radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. Chinese characters represent monosyllables, and generally cach character represents a single morpheme, The total number of Chinese characters is estimated at over fifty thousand, of which only five to eight thousand are frequently used, while three thousand are normally adequate for everyday situations, A considerable number of Chinese characters are composed of numerous strokes and are therefore complicated to write. With @ view to facilitating writing, modern scholars have made continuous attempts to simplify the writing system. The object of these language reforms has been twofold: to reduce the numher of characters by eliminating complex variants, and to re- duce the number of strokes in certain characters. What are known as “simplified characters” refer to graphs that have been thus altered; traditional characters, on the other hand, are those that retain their earlier forms, The use of simplified characters is now official policy in the People’s Republic of China, while waditional characters are restricted mainly to academic use or aesthetic purposes. Sim- plified characters have the advantages of being easier to leam, memorize, read and write. Here are two examples; #4 mother (simplified) + mother (tradi TT door (simplified) FY door (traditional ) Simplified characters are used in this textbook, but tradi for the convenience of the reader. wal characters are also supplied -23-1 Now, would you like use Chinese to learn more ' _ about the people you meet? This lesson will show you how | [0k pees ccna and mao, a wll | introduce friends, family and others. In addition, we will | rreate compound words from basic words. Ta shi nd gud rén dh Je DS XK ava er Gege: —_Libd, na shi shéi? Taw] esanine HH, AL aR? Ding Libs; N& shi wémen léoshi, oe ee 2 er Gége: Ta shi nd gud rén? © +H BEM RAD S&S Ding Lib6:; Ta shi Zhonggué rén. ® Women Idoshi dou shi Zhonggué rén. T wR: ee PR A, RM 2 HR PR OAS %FE i] Nev Worts ta shi nd gud én na shéi lGoshT dou SPAN Awa YN = * 10. Zhnggud Ding Libo. T Atk: Chén Idoshi; BI: Ding Libo: TO AR: Chén ldoshi; Be IP: Péngyou: WA: Chén ldoshr; BBN: Ding Libo: TO Aik: Chén IdoshT: KB BIR: Pr ee she; her Vv w& to be QPr OR which N 8 country, nation N A people, person Pr ap ‘that 4 whos whom N AVG teacher Ady Af both; all PN Pw China Chén ldoshi, nin hdo! © Zhé shi wo gege,® ta shi waiyi mo AW, aL RR RG, OR oe lGoshi. EM Ni hao. th 3G, Zhé shi w5 péngyou. . AR MA, \. Ni hdo! NI yé shi léoshi maz Hi 351 Me LR EH BP Nin hGo! Wé bit shi léosht, w6 shi yisheng, & WL RARE, RA BA, Lib6, zhé shi ni ndinai may TBE, KR Ak yy BP BU shi, ta shi wo waipd. © AR, WR AR SME, Waipo, nin héot abe, FYAE iy New Words 1 nin Pr 4 you (polite form) 2. Zhe Po OK this #3. td Pro shes her 4. waiyt N SME foreign language *5. ni PO you 6. yisheng N Be doctor; physician 7. néinai N sky grandmother on the father’s side 8. waipd N SpE grandmother on the mother’s side 9. Chén PN OR (@ sumame) AO! @ Ta shi n& gué rénz “What's her nationality? ” ‘There are two Chinese characters for the third person singular “t for a male; the other “Ji”, refers to a female. one is “fh”, used @® Ta shi Zhongguo rén. “She is a Chinese.” To indicate the nationality of an individual, the character “A\"(rén) is usually placed after the name of his/her country of origin. For example: *p Bl (Zhonggus)—"# A (Zhongguo rén) ® Chén lGoshi, nin hao! In China, @ person's position or occupation, such as the director of a factory, manager, section head, engineer, movie director, or teacher, is frequently used as a title to address him/her in preference to such expressions as Mr. or Miss. Sumames always precede the ti- tles. It is considered impolite for a student to address a teacher directly by his/her personal name. “Sumame + teacher” is the most proper form of address frequently used for a teach- 4» “Chén Woshi( sii)”. iin(#45)” is the polite form of “fk”, commonly used to refer to an elderly or a senior person during a conversation or to a person of the same generation when speaking on a for- mal occasion. People in Beijing are quite fond of using this form of address. = 26-@ Zhe shi wo gege. “This is my elder brother.” When introducing someone to a person, we often use the sentence pattern “jx JE--" (*2he shi---"), “2"(shi) is Pronounced as a weak syllable. ® Lbo, zhé shi nf ndinai ma? — Ba shi, t@ shi w5 waips, ‘The Chinese language uses many words for referring to individuals in a family so that their specific relationship to other members of the family is made clear. Different words are used depending on whether 2 relative is on the mother’s or wife's side or on the father’s or husband’s side. Some examples are “yéye” and “ndinai” used by a child to address the parents of his/her father, differentiated from “wéigong” and “woipé” used w address his/ her mother’s parents. FSEE Initials: zh ch sh or WE Finals: -i[y] ai uai_ ong 1. BFF Spelling zha cha sha zhi chi shi a zhe che shé réng zhai chai shai rang zhou chou shou zhuo chuo shud zhuai chuai shudi zhong chéng 2. DO The four tones cha cha cha cha ra ru ru 2hé zhé zhé zhe shi shi shi shi zhé shi ~21-lao, Ido lao. lao lGoshi chén chén chén chen Chén Iéoshi wai wai wai yu yo ya yu waiyt yi yl yi yl sheng shéng shéng — sheng yisheng zhong zhong — zhong guo gud gud gud Zhonggus rén rén ren Zhonggué rén 3. $F Sound discrimination zhong —— chong shéng —— shang fi —reé (middle) (to be born) (sun) (hot) br = — pi déng tong rou —— rud (dagger) (to understand) (meat) 4. $#¥4 Tone discrimination shi —— shi zhé =—— zhe rén. —— rén (ten) (arrow) (person; thing) (this) (person) pai — pai chéng —— cheng — zhudi — zhuai (city) 5. 4#=)§ Half third tone lGoshi ndinai women nimen wo gége w6 péngyou w6 néinai ni waipo ni baba n&@ gud rén hdo ma ni mang hén mang ni yao wo yao yé yao kéle 6. FAVA Combination of tones myer mya conga eyese wong omen karei Zhonggud heibin shéngdido amen (one) as ~28- here represents the neutral tone.yishéng he cha shénti chifan zhidao (lo drink tea) (body) (to eat a meal) (to know) ae nyen atm yeen wong wongsccm tusho changchang niGndi idl péngyou (books) (often) (wk) (fluent) chénggong _yinhang pinggud —_chiddo yeye (success) (bank) (apple) (ete) 7. SUF PHB Practice on disyllabic words gOngren (worker) shdngren (merchant) lshi (lawyer) ganbu (cadre) changzhaing (factory nongmin (peasant) Yingguo (England, UK) Dégud (Germany) Méigué (America) Fagu6 (France) Egu6 (Russia) Ribén (Japan) manager) 8. BARE TURING Read the following classroom expressions aloud DG kai shu. Gén wo nian. Nimen nian. Déng bu dong? Ding le. Bu dong. (Open the book.) (Read after me.) (Read out.) (Do you understand? ) (Yes, Uwe understand.) (No, V/we don't understand.) . TA Ta KEY SENTENCES Na s Na shi women Idoshi. shi n& gu6 rén? shi Zhonggué én. . Zh shi wd péngyou. NI y& shi lGoshi ma? . W6 bu shi ldoshi, hei? Wo shi yishéng. ~29-(—) LAHSA Identifying people] Fl41G Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) A: N& shi shéiz B: Na shi (2) A: T@ shi shéi? B; Ta shi (=) [EM Asking someone’s nationality] 1. 5EAUE 321% Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Nin shi n& gud rén7 B: A: TG ne? Bp (2) A: Nin shi Yinggué rén maz B; Bu shi, . Nin shi n&@ gud rénz A:2. HILi® Make a dialogue based on the picture A; Ta shi n@ guo rény =) [4t# Introducing people] 1. 52 FAIZ Complete the following dialogues (1) Az Zh@ shi Lin yishéng. Zhe shi Chén ldoshi. Be C: Nin h&o, Lin yishéng. (2) A: Zhé shi . Zhe shi B: Cc: 2. {#52218 Situational dialogue Introduce your teacher and classmates. 9) OF Listen and repeat PREY MARAM WEP HA, KRAMA WARE KA, —31-pay aoe =538V4 Third-tone sandhi A third tone, when followed by a first, second or fourth tone, or most neutral tone syllables, usually becomes a half third tone, that is, a tone that only falls but does not rise. ‘The tone mark is unchanged. For example: ni gége w6 yao ni mang maz 2. “78” HYSE Tone sandhi of “7K” “JR” is a fourth tone syllable by itself. But it becomes a second tone when followed by a fourth tone. For example: bu he bu mang bu hdéo ba shi bu yao 3. RBZ Pronunciation key Initials: 2h ike “j” in “jerk”, but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back, unaspirated. ch like “ch” in “church”, but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back, aspirated sh like “sh ” » but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back. r as in “right” in English, but with lips unrounded, and the tip of the tongue curled farther back. Always pronounce the Chinese /+/ sound with a nice smile! @ Finals: gi like “y” in “sky” (light) it Si fu" in “zhiv, “chi", “shi” and “ti” is pronounced differently from the simple final “i fiJ". After pronouncing the initials “2h”, “ch”, “sh” and “r”, the tongue does not move. Care must be taken not to pronounce the simple final “i {iJ”, which is never found after “zi “ch”, “sh” or “r”. WV. RF ( mo 1. LGBAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters MA TA h rén people, person 2 strokes Note; On the left side of a character, “A” is written as “ -32-_ My wl or ot ron «WW at 7b f f br dagger 2 strokes ao P \ cep 4 a zhong = middle 4 strokes i ) A 1nHa Qo a sun 4 strokes @ A(R) I OHM €9 ® bei shell 4 strokes OB T= FER yi jade 5 strokes Note: On the left side of a character, “4.” is written as “3”. @ & CP BER shi arrow 5 strokes (9) 7 re shéng to be bom; suffix denoting person 5 strokes 0) FAS PRRE (H+0) zh person; thing 8 strokes 2. LUSH FEMME Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #® ta teak to (The “female” side, “4 ”, denotes something related to a woman.) -33-(2) %& ta te > 4 + (The “standing person” side, “4”, denotes something related to a person.) (3) #1 men (41) > 440 (The meaning side is “4”, and the phonetic side is “1".) (4) nt wot +k OR: 7 ep ie ax 5 strokes) (The “standing person” side “4” denotes something related to a person.) B Gyaverduo) (the “right-ear” side) IF 2 strokes Al (azipang) (the “that” side) 194A 4 strokes. (5) aR nd aB +A +f (6) ® n& ma + a (The meaning side is “7”, and the phonetic side is “#8".) (7) BR nd dH > k + AR (The meaning side is “k , and the phonetic side is “#!”.) (8) aR dou aS > + # (l8ozit6u) (the “old” top) 7 + +2 4 strokes. ~ Ginzir) (the “towel” character) 1 1 P 3 strokes: } (hizipéngy (the “teacher” sidey ! J 2 strokes -ue(9) 29 Woshi (4 te) fh BORE * fa Woy ++ p 1 couezikuangy The “country” frame, “1”, denotes the boundaty of @ country.) 1nga 3 strokes (10) *P BE] ZhOnggud (+P El) H-O+h EE (yatkuang) (the “doctor” frame) ~ 2 strokes (11) EB yishéng (4) BoC + k (EA: 7 7 FERRER 7 strokes) FE (pizidi) (the “foot” bottom) —— -r -F 7 7€. 5 strokes. (12) & shi ROA +e OZ Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in that its written form is not directly related tw its pronunciation. In order to provide phonetic notation for Chinese characters and to fa- cilitate the consultation of dictionaries, phonologists drafted the “Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet", and in 1958 the Chinese government passed an act to promote the ap- plication of this scheme, commonly knows as the pinyin (“arranged sounds”) system. Pinyin adopts the Latin alphabet to transcribe Chinese sounds, and four diaeritical tone marks to indicate the different tones of Chinese characters. Pinyin is now widely used for the study of Chinese language, and has aided the popularization of standard Chinese (Pusonghua). ‘The use of pinyin in the study of Chinese provides many practical advantages for learning the language. -35-Tn this lesson, you will learn how to ask someone's ' name politely, how w intuduce yourself, and how to ask { for permission, ‘The pronunciations of the Chinese initials fntreduced in this lesson are different than similar- sounding initials found in English, and so may seem ‘unfamiliar to you. Don't be discouraged, however, for with ly practice you will eurely be able to master th hén gaoxing WIR W&M © Ww i GRAF) Asking fo} Laosti; Kéyi jinlai ma? © 5,_ermasion zy AEM: TVA BEAR OH? = Lin Na: Qing jin! ® Yang dosti, nin hao. Zhé shi wS péngyou, Ke: iE! OH BW, BO KR RR MA, ta shi jizhé. Wek 4, Ldoshi; Qingwen, nin guixing? ® : 4): Hl, BR? = ~36- [ele %) Asking % a)La Yuping: Wo xing Li, jido La Yuping. ® mae: RR OB, OF, Laoshi; Ni héo, Lu xiansheng, rénshi ni hén gaoxing. © AEN s ae, BAB, DR MAR HR La Yuping: Yéng ldoshi, rénshi nin, wS y& hén gaoxing. BOF: HW BN, UR BR wR BX. ££ i] New Worss 1. rénshi vo UR 2. gdoxing A ax 3. kéyt Opy Prd 4, jinlai vo #R jin v a Iai vo 5. qing v * *6. nin Pr Ke =7.péngyou N FRA 8. jizhé N RA 9. gingwen v wr wen v A 10. guixing bm HH xing VN 4h 11. jiGo v »y 12.xiansheng NSE 13. Yang PN © Lin Na; aK Mp: ty know (somebody) happy; pleased may to come in to enter to come please you (polite form) friend reporter May I ask...? to ask what's your honorable surname? ‘one’s surname is:--/surname to be called Mr. (a surname) A Introducing onesel Wé shi Yuyan Xuéyudn de xuésheng. ® Wo xing Lin, RA BS a FAS A 4 AK, jiao Lin Na. We shi Yinggud rén. NI xing shénme? ® ae a A _37-M& Dawéi; W6 xing Ma, jido Ma Dawéi. BRA: Lin Na; & #3, w KAL NI shi Jianada rén maz aK OM: te RGR AH? M&@ Dawéi: WO bu shi JiGndda rén, wd shi M&igud rén, yé shi KA: RRR WHEKA, RR KB A, HR Yiyan Xuéyudn de xuésheng. Wd xuéxi Hanyt. Be FR AE ig New Words 1. yuyan N 3 2xuéyuan NO FR 3. de Pt Co] 4. xuésheng oN ee 5. shénme gr tA 6. xuéxi voy 7. Hanytt N Bae 8. Yinggud rN RB © Ma Dawéi PN HAR 10, Jianadd PN AER 11. M@igué. ry XH ® Kéyf jinlai maz “May [ come in? ” @ Qing jin! “Come in, please! ” Fe H BY MR. Janguage institutes college (a possessive or modifying particle) student what to leam; to study Chinese (language) Great Britain; England (mame of an American student) Canada the United States; America “Qing i)" is an expression used for making polite requests. —38~® Qingwén, nin guixing? “May I ask what is your (honorable) surname? ” This is a polite way of asking someone’s surname. In China, when meeting someone for the first time, it is considered more polite to ask his/her surname rather than his/her full name. Notice that “gui(4it)” ean only be used in combination with “ni(#s)” or “nin()", and not with “wO(@%)” or “ta (fH/ith)”. “Qingwen (i#f7)” means “May 1 ask...” or “Excuse me, but..”, and is a polite way of asking a question. @ W6 xing Lu, jitdo La. Yuping. “My sumame is Lu, and my full name is Lu Yuping.” When answering the question “Nin guixing? ”, one can either give one’s surname by saying “WO xing---”, or give one’s full name by saying “WO Ji00---" or say both “WO xing sy jiGO Note that in Chinese, one’s surname always comes first, and the given name comes last. © Reénshi ni hén gaoxing. “(E'm) glad to meet (literally, know) you.” © Wé6 shi Yityan Xuéyuan de xuésheng, “Iam a student at (literally, of) the Language Insfitute.” @ Ni xing shénme? “What's your summame? ” ‘This informal way of asking somconc’s surname is appropriate when an adult is speaking to a child, or when young people are talking with each other. Pronunciation Drill FEES Initials: | gq = x WE Finals: ia ian iang uei(-ui) uen(-un) Ge tan 1. BE Spelling t qi xT jia ia xia jian qian xian jiang giang xiang jin qin xin —30-