Darrentio-19010035

Session 07 – Exercise

1. How many waste water treatment plant exist Indonesia? ( Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan,
Sulawesi etc.)

In Indonesia, there are about 150 STPs (Sewage Treatment Plant) throughout the country,
however about 90% is no longer operational and only 4% of septage are treated in an STP (Shi
& Khone, 2010).

2. Where are they located?

In Central Java for example, 23 out of 35 districts have an STP but none are functional. It is
located at Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Surakarta, and Cirebon. Surakarta and Cirebon sent their
septage to WWTPs, in Bandung, their septage is collected by collection companies to be
dumped in sewer. In Sulawesi, Medan, also utilized septic tank with WWTP as treatment facility
(Shi & Khone, 2010).

3. What is the capacity of the treatment plant

In a best case design seen in Surabaya, the STP has a design capacity of 400m 2 per day and
operational 24/7, however it is already running at capacity and would be overwhelm if all
household regularly dislodge their septic tanks. In Medan, the WWTP facility has >27% capacity
running with 2% of the population are connected to the sewer system (Shi & Khone, 2010).

4. What type of waste water do they treat? ( primary ,secondary, tertiary)

Most of the waste water they treat is on the primary treatment of septic tank, which need
further treatment facility to be cleaner. The septage treatment facility has primary treatments
such as imhoff tank and stabilization tank, secondary treatments such as oxidation ditch and
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technologies tanks (Shi & Khone, 2010). There are no
known tertiary facilities yet.

5. What quality is the water after treatment ?

In the septic tank, the wastes are separated into three layers of solid, effluent, and scums. The
solid is settled at the bottom, the scum is lighter than water hence floating on top, and the
effluent in the middle exits to pipes into drainage field to be further treated to get more
purified water. The solid and scum accumulated in the septic tank will then need to be cleaned
and carried out to further treatment facility after reach capacity (FamilyHandyman, n.d.).
The WWTP (WasteWater Treatment Plant) is a facility to treat waste from septic tank
(especially sludge) that has been a choice for several cities such as in Medan. It contains a
variety of processing from physical, chemical, and biological. From these facility a much more
clean water can be process after treatment and introduced into another body of water without
contamination (Anjum, Makishah, & Barakat, 2016).

6. What are the challenges for wastewater treatment in Indonesia?

The challenges for wastewater treatment in Indonesia is not about the budget required for the
wastewater treatment facility, but no public knowledge and willingness to maintained those
facilities exist yet in big cities. Since the decentralization of the government, those wastewater
treatment facilities are mostly left unmaintained or not used at all. The septic tanks throughout
the households are often pumped out by third-party which are later dumped again in sewer.
Only a few cities such as Surabaya and Medan has planned a better wastewater treatment,
although not all of the households join in the systems (Shi & Khone, 2010).

Indonesia needs a better law enforces for third-party service for wastewater treatment and for
decentralized government to better enforce the needs to treat wastewater. Public knowledge
about wastewater also very little and more people need to be conscious to drive their politican
leaders to act.

Referens:

(n.d.). “How Does a Septic Tank Work?”. FamilyHandyman. From:

https://www.familyhandyman.com/project/how-a-septic-tank-works/

Anjum, M., Al-Makishah, N. H., & Barakat, M. A. (2016). Wastewater sludge stabilization using pre-
treatment methods. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 102, 615-632.

Shi,Lhinda.,& Kone, Doulaye. (2010). ASIA, L. W. O. T. A RAPID ASSESSMENT OF SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT

IN ASIA.