SCIENCE PROJECT

NAME…………………………………………………………….………………………………

CLASS/SEC: …………………………………………………………………………………………

ADMISSION NUMBER: …………………...………………………………………………………

ROLL NUMBER: …………………………………………………….………………………………

PROJECT THEME: …………………………………………………….………………………………

PROJECT TITLE: ……………………………………………………………………………...

NAME / SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER I/C: …………………………………………….……

REMARKS / GRADE: ………………………………………………………………………………………….

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project titled _

submitted to DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL,
PATNA embodies the results of my original work.

No part of this project has been submitted in part or full for the award of any other
such work.

Name of the Student:

Class/section:

Admission No:

Session:

Place: Delhi Public School,

Date:
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE /CONTENT PAGE NUMBER

1. PROJECT TOPIC Annexure 1

2. DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT Annexure 2

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Annexure 3

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Page-4

5. INTRODUCTION Page-5

6. THEORY /PROJECT DETAIL Page-8

7.METHODOLOGY/EXPERIMENTAL WORK Page-10

8.OBSERVATION/DATA COLLECTION/SURVEY Page-13

9. DATA ANALYSIS /TABLE/GRAPH/PICTURES Page-15

10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION/SOLUTION Page-17

11. REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY Page-18

Acknowledgements
 I would like to thank our incharge Soni ma’am who had given a
wonderful opportunity to do a project on the topic International
Space Station which helped me gain a lot of knowledge regarding
it and learn a lot of new things.
 Introduction
International Space Station (ISS)

The International Space Station is a large spacecraft. It orbits around

Earth. It is a home where astronauts live. The space station is also a
science lab. Many countries worked together to build it. They also work
together to use it. The space station is made of many pieces. The pieces
were put together in space by astronauts. The space station’s orbit is
approximately 250 miles above Earth. NASA uses the station to learn
about living and working in space. These lessons will help NASA explore
space.

The International Space Station (ISS) Program’s greatest accomplishment

is as much a human achievement as it is a technological one—how best to
plan, coordinate, and monitor the varied activities of the Program’s many
organizations. An international partnership of space agencies provides and
operates the elements of the ISS. The principals are the space agencies of
the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.
The ISS has been the most politically complex space exploration program
ever undertaken. The International Space Station Program brings together
international flight crews, multiple launch vehicles, globally distributed
launch, operations, training, engineering, and development facilities;
communications networks, and the international scientific research
community. Elements launched from different countries and continents are
not mated together until they reach orbit, and some elements that have
been launched later in the assembly sequence were not yet built when the
first elements were placed in orbit. Operating the space station is even
more complicated than other space flight endeavours because it is an
international program. Each partner has the primary responsibility to
manage and run the hardware it provides. Construction, assembly and
operation of the International Space Station requires the support of
facilities on the Earth managed by all of the international partner agencies
and countries involved in the program. These include construction
facilities, launch support and processing facilities, mission operations
support facilities, research and technology development facilities and
communications facilities.
Launched in 1998 and involving the U.S., Russia, Canada, Japan, and the
participating countries of the European Space Agency—the International
Space Station is one of the most ambitious international collaborations
ever attempted. The largest space station ever constructed; the ISS
continues to be assembled in orbit. It has been visited by astronauts from
18 countries—and counting.
 United States – NASA
 Russia – Roscosmos
 Canada – CSA
 Japan – JAXA
 Europe – ESA country members include:
o Belgium
o Denmark – DNSC
o France – CNES
o Germany – DLR
o Italy – ASI
o Netherlands
o Norway – NSC
o Spain – INTA
o Sweden – SNSB
o Switzerland
o United Kingdom
Project Detail
The first piece of the International Space Station was launched in 1998. A
Russian rocket launched that piece. After that, more pieces were added.
Two years later, the station was ready for people. The first crew arrived on
November 2, 2000. People have lived on the space station ever since. Over
time more pieces have been added. NASA and its partners around the
world finished the space station in 2011. The space station is as big inside
as a house with five bedrooms. It has two bathrooms, a gymnasium and a
big bay window. Six people are able to live there. It weighs almost a million
pounds. It is big enough to cover a football field including the end zones. It
has science labs from the United States, Russia, Japan and Europe.

The space station has many parts. The parts are called modules. The first
modules had parts needed to make the space station work. Astronauts
also lived in those modules. Modules called “nodes” connect parts of the
station to each other. Labs on the space station let astronauts do research.

On the sides of the space station are solar arrays. These arrays collect
energy from the sun. They turn sunlight into electricity. Robot arms are
attached outside. The robot arms helped to build the space station. They
also can move astronauts around outside and control science experiments.

Airlocks on the space station are like doors. Astronauts use them to go
outside on spacewalks.

Docking ports are like doors, too. The ports allow visiting spacecraft to
connect to the space station. New crews and visitors enter the station
through the docking ports. Astronauts fly to the space station on the
Russian Soyuz. The crew members use the ports to move supplies onto the
station.
The space station is a home in orbit. People have lived in space every day
since the year 2000. The space station’s labs are where crew members do
research. This research could not be done on Earth.
Scientist’s study what happens to people when they live in space. NASA
has learned how to keep a spacecraft working for a long time. These
lessons will be important in the future.
NASA has a plan to send humans deeper into space than ever before. The
space station is one of the first steps. NASA will use lessons from the space
station to get astronauts ready for the journey ahead.
 Experimental work

At any given time on board the space station, a large array of different
experiments is underway within a wide range of disciplines. These
experiments are selected by each space station partner to meet the goals
of each respective agency. Here, you can search the Space Station
Research Explorer database of experiments to learn more about each
experiment’s objectives, descriptions, and results, as well as on-board
facilities, imagery and additional information that may be found beyond
this database.

Biology and Biotechnology

In microgravity, controls on the directionality and geometry of cell and
tissue growth can be dramatically different to those on Earth. Various
experiments have used the culture of cells, tissues and small organisms on
orbit as a tool to increase our understanding of biological processes in
microgravity.


Earth and Space Science
The presence of the space station in low-Earth orbit provides a unique
vantage point for collecting Earth and space science data. From an
average altitude of about 400 km, details in such features as glaciers,
agricultural fields, cities, and coral reefs taken from the ISS can be layered
with other sources of data, such as orbiting satellites, to compile the most
comprehensive information available.

Educational Activities
The space station provides a unique platform for inspiring students to excel
in mathematics and science. Station educational activities have had a
positive impact on thousands of students by involving them in station
research, and by using the station to teach them the science and
engineering that are behind space exploration.

Human Research
The space station is being used to study the risks to human health that are
inherent in space exploration. Focal research questions address the
mechanisms of the risks and develop test countermeasures to reduce these
risks. Research on space station addresses the major risks to human health
from residence in a long-duration microgravity environment. Results from
this research are key enablers for future long-duration missions beyond
low Earth orbit.

Physical Science
The space station provides the only place to study long-term physical
effects in the absence of gravity. This unique microgravity environment
allows different physical properties to dominate systems, and these have
been harnessed for a wide variety of physical sciences.
Technology
Studies on the space station can test a variety of technologies, systems,
and materials that will be needed for future long-duration exploration
missions.

Putting out the fire-

Fire behaves differently in space, thanks to complicated interactions of

fuel vaporization, radiative heat loss, and chemical kinetics. Effectively
extinguishing flames in space depends on understanding those
interactions. This  investigation , performed earlier this month, tested
various fire suppressants in microgravity. Researchers found that
flames in space burn with a lower temperature, at a slower rate, and
with less oxygen than in normal gravity, meaning higher
concentrations of materials must be used to put them out. The most
surprising discovery was the way heptane droplets seemed to continue
to burn under certain conditions even after the initial fire was
extinguished. This phenomenon is called "“ool-flame extinction."”
Those who understand conventional theories of droplet combustion
say those theories don’t explain this behaviour, making the cool
flames a unique observation with significant theoretical and practical
implications.
Are just few of the many experimental work conducted on the
International Space Station (ISS).

Observations/Data Collections/Surveys.

Launches and Landings

1: Double Asteroid Redirection Test

Description: The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), NASA'’ first
flight demonstration for planetary defence, seeks to test and validate a
method to protect Earth in case of an asteroid impact threat. The mission
aims to shift an asteroid'’ orbit through kinetic impact – specifically, by
impacting a spacecraft into the smaller member of the binary asteroid
system Didymus to change its orbital speed.
2:Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD)
Description: LCRD will fly as a payload on STPSat-6, the primary spacecraft
of the third Space Test Program (STP-3) mission for the Department of
Defence. STP-3 will lift off on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 551 rocket
from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in
Florida.

3: James Webb Space Telescope

Description: The James Webb Space Telescope will find the first galaxies
that formed in the early universe and peer through dusty clouds to see
stars forming planetary systems.

4:  Axiom-1 Mission to the International Space Station

Description: The spaceflight, designated as Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1), will
launch from NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre in Florida and travel to the
International Space Station. Once docked, the Axiom astronauts are
scheduled to spend eight days aboard the orbiting laboratory. NASA and
Axiom mission planners will coordinate in-orbit activities for the private
astronauts to conduct in coordination with space station crew members
and flight controllers on the ground.

Space Station Science Highlights: Week of

November 8, 2021

Crew members aboard the International Space Station conducted

scientific investigations during the week of Nov. 8 that included testing
new cooling technology for spacesuits, collecting crew health measures,
and conducting a ham radio session with students on the ground.
Crew changeovers were the focus of much of the activity taking place
aboard the orbiting lab this past week. NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough
and Megan McArthur, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut
Thomas Pesquet returned to Earth on Monday after a mission of more
than six months. The Crew-3 team, NASA astronauts Raja Chari, Tom
Marshburn, and Kayla Barron and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut
Matthias Maurer, arrived aboard a SpaceX Crew Dragon on Thursday, Nov.
11. Along with them came a number of new science experiments.
The space station has been continuously inhabited by humans for 21
years, supporting many scientific breakthroughs. The orbiting lab
provides a platform for long-duration research in microgravity and for
learning to live and work in space, experience that supports Artemis,
NASA’s program to go forward to the Moon and on to Mars.

Pictures/Graphs
Conclusion
 The International Space Station is a large spacecraft in orbit around
Earth. It serves as a home where crews of astronauts and cosmonauts live.
The space station is also a unique science laboratory. Several nations
worked together to build and use the space station. The space station is
made of parts that were assembled in space by astronauts. The station is
expected to operate until at least 2028. Development and assembly of the
station continues, with components scheduled for launch in 2018 and
2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can
often be seen with the naked eye from Earth.

Bibliography
International Space Station | NASA
Space Station Science Highlights: Week of November 8, 2021 | NASA
NASA Launch Schedule | Rocket Launches