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Deep Foundations: Pile and Cap Construction

Deep foundations are needed when surface soils cannot support structural loads due to insufficient bearing capacity or risk of excessive settlement. Common deep foundation types include pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations are most common in building construction. Piles can be made of concrete, steel, timber, or composites, and transfer loads through end bearing or friction along their length. Pile foundations are constructed using pre-cast piles that are installed on site or cast-in-situ piles that are poured after excavating holes. A pile cap distributes structural loads from the building to multiple piles to provide stability on soft ground.

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136 views27 pages

Deep Foundations: Pile and Cap Construction

Deep foundations are needed when surface soils cannot support structural loads due to insufficient bearing capacity or risk of excessive settlement. Common deep foundation types include pile foundations, cofferdams, and caisson foundations. Pile foundations are most common in building construction. Piles can be made of concrete, steel, timber, or composites, and transfer loads through end bearing or friction along their length. Pile foundations are constructed using pre-cast piles that are installed on site or cast-in-situ piles that are poured after excavating holes. A pile cap distributes structural loads from the building to multiple piles to provide stability on soft ground.

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সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসু
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DEEP

FOUNDATION

1
DEEP FOUNDATION

Deep Foundations are those


in which the depth of the foundation
is very large in comparison to its
width.

2
DEEP FOUNDATION
Most common forms of construction pertaining to deep
foundations are:

Pile Foundation (more commonly used in building


construction)

Cofferdams

Caisson or Well Foundation

3
Pile Foundation

4
5
Necessity of Pile
Foundation
• If the soil near the surface do not have sufficient
bearing capacity to support the structural loads

• If the estimated settlement of the soil exceeds


tolerable limits

• To increase factor of safety of heavy load


structures

6
Load Carrying Construction Materials
Mechanism Method

• Pre-Cast • Concrete
• End
Bearing • Cast-in-situ • Steel
• Friction • Timber
• Composite

7
Load carrying mechanism of
piles

Friction End Bearing


Pile Pile 8
Pre Cast Piles
o Displacement Pile

o Piles of any size


are made in
advance and then
used at the site

9
 Non-displacement pile in
which a hole of the specified
diameter is bored to the required
depth.

 Cast with concrete of specified


strength after the reinforcement
is placed in the hole.

10
11
 Is the first material used in piling work

12
 Can be driven in very
long lengths
 Liable to corrosion
above the soil line
 More expensive than
timber or concrete

13
Composite
Piles
Combinations of
materials are used.

Most common
materials are steel
and concrete.

14
Pi le Cap
o It is a thick concrete mat that rests on
driven concrete or timber piles.

o Provides stability to the


foundation in soft and unstable
ground

o It distributes the load of the building into


the piles.
15
Pile Cap

Pile cap for Pile cap Pile cap


two piles for three for four
piles piles

16
Pile Caps

17
Bangladesh University of Engineering and
Technology 18
A destructive natural
problem is:
Excavation
Problems: 1.Rain water make
the soft soil clay
and it is easy to
collapse.

2.Rain water can


stay in the
excavated area.

polythen
e
19
Draining the extra water
manually

Leveler Excess water

20
Vibrator touching
reinforcement

21
Pile Cap Rebar

22
Excess water in
concrete

Excess water

23
For part by part work , there
arise
Joining
effect:

Construction
Joint

Water stopper

24
Construction
Problems:

Piles were not on the same line A displaced pile is creating problems
for reinforcement work
25
Assignment

 Compare Between Pre-


Cast and Cast in Situ Piles

26
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
27

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