1) The Muses

Patrons of arts such as literature, poetry, dancing, music.

During the late day of Roman Empire, each Muse was assigned a with a job to represent a specific art
or an artistic figure.
Later, Homer calls upon a Muse to inspire him, then, tells the story of the Trojan War.
According to Hesiod’s Theogony, they’re the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.
1.2) The Nine Muses and Their Attributes (Roman)
The Muse Meaning of Each Name Assignment of Art
Calliope Beautiful Voice Epic Poetry
Clio Celebrate History
Erato Lovely Lyric Poetry
Euterpe Delight Flute
Melpomene Choir Tragedy
Polyhymnia Many Songs Sacred Hymns
Terpsichore Delight in Dancing Dance
Thalia Comedy Comedy
Urania Heavenly Astronomy
The Creation of the World and the Earliest Deities (The Theogony, Hesiod)
Chaos was born first, then Gaea (Earth) and the Tartarus, then Eros (Love).
Night was born from Chaos; then Night gave birth to Day.
Gaea bore Uranus(Sky) to be her equal and to provide a home for the gods.
With Uranus, Gaea bore the Cyclopes (One-Eyed Giants), who later made the thunderbolts for Zeus.
She bore the Titans, including Oceanus, Iapetus, Rhea, Themis, and Mnemosyne.
(Father of the Titans are Uranus)
Gaea gave birth to monsters; Cottus, Briareus, and Gyes (the Hundred-handed Ones).
Uranus hated all his children and hid them as a form of torture.

One day
Gaea created the element of flint and made a sickle out of it.
Gaea said ‘We should punish your father (Uranus) for what he has done’ to her children.
Cronus came forward, Gaea gave her the sickle and hid him.
Same night
Uranus came to Gaea to make love, Cronus attacked and killed him.
From the blood of Uranus, Gaea bore the Erinyes, or Furies, the race of Giants, and the Nymphs.
Cronus threw Uranus’ genitals into the sea.
After a long time
Aphrodite was born from the genitals of Uranus.
Cronus swallows his children
Cronus had learned that one of his children would one day overthrow him.
When his children were born, he swallowed them.
(Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon)
Rhea (wife of Cronus) asked Gaea and Uranus for help.
They sent her to Crete (an island), she bore Zeus there and hid him in a cave.
Rhea wrapped a huge stone in a blanket, gave it to Cronus.
(Cronus thought that the stone was Zeus)

When Zeus matured

Gaea (the grandmother of the Gods) tricked Cronus to vomit all his children.
Zeus and his 5 siblings, Hundred-Handed Ones, Cyclopes banished Cronus.
(Cyclopes gave Zeus the power of thunder and lightning)

When Zeus took over

Silver Age came in, he made the seasons (Summer, Winter, Fall, Spring).
People built houses.
Agriculture began.

Bronze Age
People were aggressive, they siezed weapons.
Goodness fled the Earth and all sorts of evil took its place.
The Olympian Deities, The Children of Cronus and Rhea
Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hera, and Hestia.
They all lived on Mount Olympus expect Hades who lived in the underworld.
1) Zeus

God of the skies and thunder

2) Poseidon
God of the seas and earthquakes, father of the horses
3) Hades
God of the dead and riches, King of the Underworld
4) Hera
The goddess of marriage and fertility
5) Hestia
The goddess the consepts of family and home
6) Demeter
The Goddess of crops and motherhood
6.1) Persephone
The daughter of Demeter and the wife of Hades
6.1.1) Abduction of Persephone
Persephone was playing with Oceanus one day.
Zeus requested Gaea to spring up a special bloom. Persephone reached to grab it.
The Earth opened. Hades came from the Underworld and abducted Persephone.
She screamed, Helius and Hecate heard her.
Demeter searched her daughter for 9 days, on the 10th day Hecate came and said that Persephone
was taken by someone.
Demeter and Hecate went to Helius to ask about her daughter.
Helius told them everything.

Demeter hated Zeus and Hades for what they have done.
Demeter stopped crops to grow once and blackmailed for more.
Zeus sent Hermes to the Underworld to let Hades know.
Hades sent Persephone to her mother but gave her some pomegranate seeds to eat.
When Persephone and Demeter met, Demeter said;
“Persephone, did you eat anything while you were below? If you did not, you can stay with me all year,
but if you did, you must return to Hades for a third of the year.”
Persephone told her everything.
Zeus sent Rhea to give whatever honor Demeter chose to have in return for her approval of
Persephone’s residence division.
Everything went back to normal.

MCŞ
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