Abstract:

The COVID epidemic has wreaked havoc around the world; through economic, social,
and political factors. No nation has stayed safe from this epidemic and today as we hope
to recover from the effects of the virus, the only thing that can save and protect us from
the deadly virus is the vaccine. The drugs are designed to fight the epidemic at the time of
recording and these vaccines and their distribution have already had a significant impact
on the political and economic situation in the world. This paper explores this economic
and political perspective of the COVID vaccine and mentions some of the problems it
could face.

Keywords:

Distribution, Pandemic, Vaccine, Vaccine diplomacy

Introduction:

The effects of COVID 19 have been so much more cataclysmic and widespread if
compared to any other epidemic in the past. A look at modern capitalist international
systems has shown that the public health system has not been put in the forefront by State
machinery worldwide.
The extreme demand for the vaccine has forced countries to make heavy short-term
arrangements. Economic and social turmoil during difficult times and locks made the
situation worse and the political economy operated in the event of a medical trial.
Intellectual property rights, international agreements for medical aid and medical
exchanges, domestic concern for the increase in COVID 19 cases and the issue of
maintaining social cohesion restores closed sections in many countries.
This paper is an attempt to trace the trial efforts of developing and distributing the
COVID 19 vaccine in different countries and the way politico-economic ideologies have
played its part in guiding efforts to establish such vaccine that is suitable for humans in
time. It also talks about news of various vaccines now in production such as, Covishield,
Covaxin, Sputnik V and many more. We say that the introduction of the COVID 19
vaccine and its current distribution, there are various global political and social justice
issues within the country but capitalist concern and priorities should not undermine
public health in any way.

Review of Literature:

The status of COVID-19 indicates international inefficiencies against the virus threat.
The development and provision of the vaccine COVID-19 is expected to serve as an
important intervention to reduce the threat posed by the virus. Multiple international co-
operations, such as PAHO, WHO and UNAIDS are taking immediate steps to deploy
public health workers, prioritizing vulnerable communities around the world.
COVID-19 has significantly influenced a number of global R&D programs. In the R&D
country 115 vaccine subscribers were highlighted of which 78 were certified as active
and 73 of them were in their testing phase. Development work is no longer evenly
distributed geographically as because, compared to North America and Asia, these
activities are slower in Africa and Latin America due to COVID-19, not different in
disease control and geographical location ( Thanh, 2020).

COVID-19 will lead to a New World Order that will, if not accelerate long-term exposure
to international politics, scientific advancement, economic impacts i.e., increasing
poverty (especially in India 12 million people enter) in poverty), among others (Singh,
2020). It also highlighted China's role in exacerbating the situation by not sharing enough
information about the virus, which has led to significant progress. This has created major
political problems, with regard to the vaccine COVID-19, as it relies heavily on China,
far from the EU or the USA. It has also angered western neighbors especially India, as
well as Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan after its illegal
actions to offend these nations.

The economic recovery from COVID-19 is limited to treatment, for example the great
success in mass production of a reliable vaccine (Tisdell, 2020). It is noteworthy that the
pace at which we will recover is very slow and is hampered by both sides of the supply of
demanding features, as many businesses and manufacturing industries rely on
international supply chains to support their economic activity. But due to declining
international relations we may see international suppliers lacking a product that affects
global economic performance.

As many researchers have suggested, if the vaccine stops the spread of Coronavirus
Disease, its major responsibility lies with countries economically, politically, and
socially. Counting the economic losses caused by the disease shows that more than 190
million jobs have been lost and an estimated 12 million people fall into the trap of
poverty. From now on, all of these alarming situations require the need for Vaccines, but
there will still be a need for co-operation between the government and the community as
most people are not willing to take the vaccines.

The Economic Advantages of a Vaccine

Vaccination of the masses will be of great economic benefit. As soon as we are able to
produce a vaccine, rather than businesses, industries, industries, and other sectors of the
economy can open production levels before closing. This will help reduce unemployment
in countries, as due to job closures the unemployment rate is increasing dramatically. A
strong vaccine will help restore the economy to power so that it is stable. There is also the
issue of international trade. The nations that produce these vaccines will be able to export
them, boost their economies in the process and improve their industrial capacity.

International Vaccine Research and Development:

Since the end of 2020, many countries have begun to develop their own vaccines and are
conducting tests to test the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in different groups.
Currently the world's leading vaccines are Moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca / Oxford /
Covishield, Covaxin (Bharat Biotech) and upcoming Johnson and Johnson vaccines.
These vaccines are produced by three nations, the United States of America, the United
Kingdom and India. At first there was a lot of excitement about two vaccines from China
and Russia, namely Sinopharm and the Sputnik V vaccine respectively. The Russian
vaccine was actually the first vaccine to be adopted, even though it came from the
Russian government, full production. However, the issues surrounding the effectiveness
of these vaccines as well the issues in their production timeline put them back on the
production scale compared to the three leading ones.

A First Mover Advantage:

Any country that receives the first approved vaccine that shows results will receive what
is known as the first economic benefit and it will temporarily dominate and control the
market before other methods are tested and incorporated into production. At the political
level a nation can use it to further and advance its own interests such as international
conflicts or to increase its influence. It will also be a great weapon in the hands of
lawyers who can push other nations to the corners for the benefit of their nation. The
economic ideas will include big deals around the vaccine and production technology as
well as huge government profits from the sale of the vaccine.
Globally the development of vaccines will have far-reaching effects not only on
consultation, but also on political and global economics.

An Economic and Political Advantage:

The vaccines from the United States such as the Moderna or the Pfizer vaccine are on
paper some of the best vaccines in the world currently to fight the coronavirus. But with
these vaccines there are immense costs involved. Not only is there the cost of the actual
vaccine, but also the cost of transporting these vaccines. These vaccines need very strict
storage facilities with extremely low temperatures. While nations in Europe and the US
itself can afford these measures, many nations around the world cannot.

That is where the Political and Economic advantage comes in, many countries have
started providing a cheaper alternative to those vaccines, this has created a huge
advantage for them not only because selling huge amount of vaccines at lower prices
does not only help with the economy but also makes political ties stronger.

Conclusion:

The concept of capturing the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on political and
international relations, demonstrates the ineffective management of various economic
units to combat any similar outbreaks. Due to the inefficient disaster risk management
process and R&D activity, pressure on the introduction of vaccines has recently become a
necessity. And after a safe recovery from the outbreak of the disease China uses all of its
cards to find the needs of the countries and use them for their global size. This results in a
devastating breakdown in international relations. However, recent developments in
vaccine research raise concerns about the political economy and tensions between
monetary relations and finance. It is important to achieve social justice and universal
access to the public health care system through post COVID 19. Domestic concerns and
international pressure should not lead to compromise on social justice and economic
equality.
 References

Singh, J., & Singh, J. (2020). COVID-19 and Its Impact on Society (April
3, 2020). Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,
2(I), 2020 , Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3567837