Soalan 1

1. Jadual menunjukkan perhubungan antara harga barangan X dengan kuantiti

permintaan barangan X dan Y.

Harga Barangan X Kuantiti Diminta Kuantiti Diminta

(RM) Barangan X (kg) Barangan Y (kg)

5 160 100

10 140 120

15 120 140

20 100 160

a.Kirakan keanjalan permintaa harga bagi barangan X jika harga barangan X

menurun dari RM 10.00 kepada RM 5.00 se kg. Nyatakan sama ada ianya anjal
atau kurang anjal..

b. Kirakan keanjalan silang bagi barangan Y jika harga barang X bertambah dari
RM 10.00 kepada RM 20.00 se kg. Nyatakan sama ada barangan X dan Y adalah
barangan pengganti atau penggenap.

c. Lakarkan keluk permintaan bagi menunjukkan apa yang akan terjadi kepada
permintaan barangan Y jika harga barangan X bertambah.

d. Apabila pendapatan pengguna bertambah dari RM 1 000 kepada RM 1 400,

permintaan bagi barangan X bertambah dari 40 kg kepada 80 kg. Kirakan
keanjalan permintaan pendapatan bagi barangan X.

Question 1

1. The schedule below shows the relationship between the price of good X
and the quantity demanded for good X and Y.

Price of good X (RM) Quantity demanded Quantity demanded

for good X (kg) for good Y (kg)

5 160 100

10 140 120

15 120 140

20 100 160
a. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for good X if the price of good X falls from
RM 10.00 to RM 5.00 per kg. State whether it is elastic or inelastic.

b. Calculate the cross elasticity of demand of good Y when the price of X increases
from RM 10.00 to RM 20.00 per kg. State whether good X and good Y are
complements or substitutes.

c. Sketch a diagram to show what will happen to the demand for good Y when price
of good X increases.

d. When the income of consumer increases form RM 1 000 to RM 1 400, the

demand for good X increases from 40 to 80 kg. Calculate the income elasticity for
good X.

Answer:

a. Kirakan keanjalan permintaan bagi barang X jika harga barang X turun dari
RM 10.00 kepada RM 5.00 sekg. Nyatakan samada ianya anjal atau kurang
anjal.

Ed = 160 – 140 / 5-10 x 10/140

= 20/-5 x 1/14
= -0.28 (inelastic)

b. Kirakan keanjalan silang bagi barang Y bila harga barang X naik dari RM 10.00
kepada RM 20.00 sekg. Nyatakan samada barang X dan barang Y adalah
barangan pengganti atau pengenap.

Ed = 160-120/ 20-10 x 10/120

= 40 /10 x 1/12
= 0.33 (positive – substitute)

c. Lakarkan gambarajah yang sesuai bagi menunjukkan perubahan dalam

permintaan barangan Y apabila harga barang X naik.
- draw demand diagram and show the demand curve shift to the right.

d. Apabila pendapatan pengguna naik dari RM 1,000 kepada RM 1,400, permintaan

bagi barang X naik dari 40 kg kepada 80 kg. Kirakan keanjalan permintaan
pendapatan bagi barang X. Nyatakan samada barang X adalah barangan normal atau
inferior.

Ey = 80-40 / 1400 – 1000 x 1000/40

= 40/400 x 25
= 2.5 (positive – normal good)
Soalan 2

Jadual menunjukan perhubungan di antara jumlah keluaran, keluaran purata dan

keluaran marginal barangan X dan bilangan pekerja yang bekerja.

Tanah Pekerja Jumlah Keluaran Keluaran

Keluaran Purata Marginal
50 0 0
50 1 10
50 2 26
50 3 41
50 4 52
50 5 60
50 6 65
50 7 67
50 8 67
50 9 63

a. Kirakan keluaran purata dan keluaran marginal.

b. Dengan bantuan kertas graf, lukiskan keluk jumlah keluaran, keluaran purata dan
keluaran marginal dan nyatakan tahap-tahap pengeluaran.

c. Bagi pengeluar yang rasional, tahap manakah yang akan dipilihnya? Kenapa?

d. Berikan definasi Hukum Pulangan Marginal Semakin Berkurangan.

Question 2

The table below shows the relationship between total product of good X and the
number of workers employed.

Land Labour Total Average Marginal

Product Product Product
50 0 0
50 1 10
50 2 26
50 3 41
50 4 52
50 5 60
50 6 65
50 7 67
50 8 67
50 9 63
a. Calculate the average product and marginal product.

b. With a aid of graph paper, draw total product , average product and marginal
product curves and indicate the three stages of production.

c. For a rational producer, which stage will he choose? Why?

d. Define the Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns.

Answer:
The table below shows the relationship between total product of good X and the
number of workers employed.

Land Labour Total Average Marginal

Product Product Product
50 0 0 0 0
50 1 10 10 10
50 2 26 13 16
50 3 41 13.7 15
50 4 52 13 11
50 5 60 12 8
50 6 65 10.8 5
50 7 67 9.6 2
50 8 67 8.4 0
50 9 63 7 -4

a. Calculate the average product and marginal product.

b. With a aid of graph paper, draw the total product, average product and marginal
product curves and indicate the three stages of production.

Draw diagram to show the 3 stages of TP, AP & MP

c. For a rational producer, which stage will he choose? Why

Stage 2 at the point where TP at Maximum and MP at Zero

d. Define the Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns.

The law indicates that initial when we add more variable inputs to fixed inputs, the
TP will rise at an increasing rate but eventually TP will rise at a decreasing rate.