AP Chemistry Name key ) ee tee Ch.14 - Acids, Bases, and Salts ~ Practice Problems IL I. Amhenius & Bronsted-Lowry Conjugate Acid-Base pairs TI, Strong and weak acids and bases ML. ‘Neutralization Reactions IV. Acid and base Dissociation Constant: Ka and Kb V. pH, pOH, (H'], [OH] and, % ionization of acid, base and salt solutions 1) Which of the following oxide compounds form a basic solution (OE) when mixed with water? wK € B KO B) ALOs ©) CO, D) S03 E) POs £49 + th? —s Z/KOH 2) Which one of the following statements regarding Ky is false? A) pK is 14.00 at 25°C ) The value of Ky is 1.0.x 10% B) Ky changes with temperature 1D) Kwis known asthe ion product of water. @©)the value of Ky shows that water is a weak acid. 3) Which one of the following is the weakest acid? A) HF (K.=6.8 x 10%) B) HClO (K,=3.0x 10°) C) HNO: (K,= 4.5x 104) (Oey (Kie4.9x 10") B) Acetic acid (K,= 1.8 x 10°) 4) Of the acids inthe table below, is the strongestacid. Raa] A) HOAc rigfest ks ke rose [iex10 5) D. B)HCHO, HCHO? | 1810-4) cyHcIO lacio | 30x10-8 ie lar | 6ex10-4 E) HOAc and HCHO; 5) Using the data table, which of the conjugate acids is the weakest acid? [pase [Ry] A) HCIO Weakegtacid —pehomest dase lag- [339x107] D B)HCOy a Ico? | 1.8.x 10-4 stony acid —» Weak base las [19107] SCH i ) ThS and HCIO jiu oc End <> it * - AAgCHs + Wo? > NHactls + On6) Using the data table, which of the conjugate acids is the strongest acid? Base _| ANH! Ny | 1ax10% YORE Srenyeat ned > Weakest base cpus | 1710-9 B HACE" HNOH | 11x10-8 1D) NH,CHy a dx BONES acl NACH Geb e hak ocetigtti of ars 7) Using the data table, which ofthe conjugate acids isthe weakest acid? 7 A)NHS ints 5 Tes10 B) CoH Oo Gus Weekes corel 3 trorppeet hose este | a7 .10-8 NHCHs* or > qk HNO | 1.1.10-8 NHL" and NH,CHY Heh, + ¥ OW TE HIYEHs + OF" 410-4 8) whic a following ions will act as a weak base in water? Ber 1 pnreeeve Hoo “2 rs ceo” D ONO: Week cvviel L conjugete bese a eO Weak ox E) None ie above will act as a weak base in water. oterme Hee > Ate cee CE f NOs WILE mever astaz, a gese ard atts HID oy Ht 5 10S Sie on eee ee ZaeA, 9) Which of the following ions will act as a weak base in water? an OF D) clo" & te of the above will act as a weak base in water. Dissociation of Weak acids and Bases, Polyprotic Acids & Hydrolysis of Salts 10) What is the concentration of H" ions in a 0.010M. solution of HCN? Ka= 6.2 x 10” A)3.6x 109M (Hot ae Ht CNT kage ence B Owsxwim — x \a0 Sh gai" CLD C)1.0x 107M clk +e 4K (@010-*> D)62x10"M & [(@.010-2 ~ | peewee. << 001039 900-800" b2riFP= Xoo 2sn5 orto 11) What isthe concentration of OCI ions ina 0.60M solution of HOCI? Ka=3.1.x108 = A)18x10°M |Hoce Bete OC) cut). Coey/ [Hoek] B)7.1x10"%M ~T19.60 fo} <2. D co4om clox +e Fk) Ix (O00 _ @14x10° (060 -O)% O60 —E (oco-2) Xx | . E)i1x10*M : Bixee x 060 KeL4 x 14M = LOL]12) The K, of hydrofluoric acid (HE) at 25.0 °C is 6.8 X 10. What is the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous eee we ate eo] Kae RMR Y/Cw zleas 2 Oo | ga ate OW B C) 3.64 c|}7* ax +e ( 35") y 03s D046 lass > | gam sts xe x esS¥sx1OOH B) 1.22 \ eee ‘ pike - & THY) phe Cop(ssyaxti pie 28! 13) The K, of hydrazoic acid (HIN3) is 1.9 X 10° at 25.0 °C. What is the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of Hts Nyl | Kee THD OAS T/C Nad A) 1.14 fate B)2.41 Oat KRY = D ©) 5.23 +X 4X (0.35 x) ¥ 23. ase x MRSS KE ye 2585 TH F)-2.46 aol : ass Phe- Og (258 o3)e 25F 14) Hypochlorous acid (HOC!) has a dissociation constant K, = is 3.0 X 10% at 25.0°C. Calculate the pH. fa 0.0385M HOCI soluti | = its Lal yoce 2 Hh4 00) Kas L¥TRLOCE tro] Bs clogs 0 © | a0n5%= OO = e Cee ee [003 95-*) % 9-03FS D) 752 e eee E-14l El(gosps-R) ~ *% jS0xS%= XO 239502 TH, 7 0.0385 \ ' ple Gplaqaas) pee te? 15) The Ke of hypochlorous acid (HCIO) is 3.0 x 10° at 25.0°C. What is the % ionization of hypochlorous acid in a 0.015 M aqueous solution of HCIO at 25.0°C? aaszio® [deeo =e Hts coo] va = car} eco )/ Cee?) yu “Thor oO © | > D oareto? a oo yu ex} 9.0K0% = Qe dling Py) 0.14 Vien (a.01s-*) % a E) 14x 10° Elo.ois-2) ae Boas 82 XJ VNS Sviseoastoms CeYfiscesy x2 21x 5p = CHA Zbiemociahon = [erm Yaorspn00 Dist. = AY , =16) 18) 19) Calculate the percent ionization of 0.020M CH;COOH (acetic acid). Ka = 1.8x10° A) 6.0x10-4% ook =? Ut eceor B) 0.03% CUgcook a= HY nite lenis (2) © 00% L |) 0azZ CFO) { ‘Doz -®) pe ota ax ee Lan Ss X7.020 30%) | Bea XK) erga wr t=CH] 2 Ox)" . % Yyreocation. EMI. _ x00 - [6 =) Bo & Dreouation = Saseae Soa Calculate the pH of a 0.14M We solution that is 5.7% ionized. AY 0.85 NWO, er st «NO & Dike Cat) x19 B) L7 a Serio oa Pun} @Qzp he \ elcaty) J aaypoe? pus Clix ax ) S40 / ) F) 13.1 x | petl-sond? ete Bigiy-. eee soni?) be = CO AW r CHIME Hae Rs tn137 a Boe) In which of the following aqueous solutions does the weak acid exhibit the highest percentage ionization? Pih ts A) 0.01 M HCH: (Kz = 1.8 X 10%) a B) 0.01 MHNO> (K,=4.5 X 10%) ©)0.01 MHF (K,= 6.8 X 10%) D) 0.01 M HCO (K,=3.0X 10%) E) These will all exhibit the same percentage ionization HZ is a weak acid. An aqueous solution of HZ is prepared by dissolving 0.020 mol of HZ in sufficient water to yield 1.0 L of solution. The pH of the solution was 4.93 at 25.0 °C. The K, of HZ, ee. -| <7 5473 ~> yt 4) 37 +] Be Anxo WR H +2 \TH]=9 coy = 10°F 2 8) 6.9X P\Tlawo 2 9} poe p99 (a0z0-*) cj14x10% a ape | a 2 513) pyasx10? <)> | ke = (10 4.43) (0.920 ~ Jo BE)28x10-2 & (9920-2) * Ka = 69157 =—20) The pH of a 0.55 M aqueous solution of hypobromous acid, HOBr, at 25.0 °C is 4.48, What is the value of K, for HOBr? : <4 zx 0? pose Zz H+ 0B ae es Pye boa canny (PST it Anat 3 (0. ss) A O60x0 Oj» 4 \ D)33X10% ¢ ia 2 5E-K a E)3.0X 10° (as D Kez 20x 197 == 21) A.0:15 Mequeous solution ofthe weak acid HA at 25.0 °C has a pil of 5.35. The value of Ky for HAis_ . \ ee ‘A)3.0X 10° Ha Wit a Be ]sio 7 = * . B)Lsxi05 Flare oO -| Ba = &Mfois-») O)7.1 X10 Cane ax K ~5.35) Cuxw™ § | (i £35) (15 H33x10% = ERX | Bas eas af 35) ke o)h.Bx10"? 22) The acid-dissociation constants of phosphoric acid (H3PO,) are Ky 275X107, Ka=6.2X 10% and Ky = 4.2 X 10? at 25.0 °C, What is the pH of a 2.5 M aqueous solution of phosphoric acid? moa feet =u BPEL faz MW fl25-Oe25 3 ©2351 25° a a | Fx 522 x22.) 0.8% =i s. iF oon fl) ie oa | Ae OM THI E 2.5% ae a pits ~ 7 (213) mest 100% i the OFF Ka, 3 Kay > Fay: ‘omc pt chic. w= 23) The pH of a 0.10 M solution of a wedk base is 9.82. What is the Ky for this base? A)2.1X 104 [Bs tho =e BH oF sity pow = 14 B)44 X10" | = 4 ©)8axi0* a ae "pote D)66x104# C/—% por = - dP E)2.0x 10% E{(@10-% \[orJei jOutea oo ia kee 44x F ax (2:19- 10*'") Tae24) An aqueous solution contains 0.050 M of methylamine. The concentration of hydroxide ion in this solutionis_______—M. Ky formethylamine is 4.4. X 10* . Betgatt t CHNt, 2 = _ CNS + on ae Es) Op Dp Z| 0050 ° "O [etgnte) 4% dans. OOO ay x ee ae 3 (0.050-x) 0081 4a git = a z ® 4x10 sey Xt 44x, [tenes] - Low) 25) Calculate the pH of a 0.500 M aqueous solution of ammonia (NHs). The Ky of NE is 1.77X 10° jg A) 8.95 _[Ntas hoz Nay ie OW kb= INN] Low] B 252 L\0.s00 oO ° _ EWS) D) 5.05 é ears ax +x [lea (Of (x) iit pee SS eee (09 -»)g 0500 : : VEE x Se x?/0.S0 .-& = Cag 29981 Ole rol fe P 9 3 X= 2920 =IH] pole £55 ¢ pis pela pHalag 26) Determine the m of'a 0.35 M aqueous solution of CH;NH2 (methylamine). The K, of methylamine is44X10 J ayia. MNM2 SP CH ou") eh -Conenstl 12H) B) 3.86 “y\ 03s ° Oo (eAsntz) 03s — Dy rose ees 4X AK loads (1d: (Ofoss 8) B) 13.24 Elass-> x x \aneid ee phe Glo} Bq (0)2) h2 42) 9M=[0H] pote L922 pit pone 4 pie F209 oxo 27) Tas Ka for HON is 4.9 X 10%. What isthe value of Ky for GN"? Kar Bbc tOx & CAy20x 10" > Sate 04.910" D)4.9X 10 B)2.0X 10? “ athong base + Weak ccd 28) Which of these salts will produce a basic sofution when added to water? D A) NH:NOs B)NE;CHbO2 SC) Ca(NOs)p CO) cxCH:092 29) Which of these salis will result in a basic solution when dissolved in water? A)KCI B) NHI laCN D) MgBrp E) none of these C — (nentiat) — (acide) (aeutrat) :30) Of the following substances an aqueous solution of. will form basic solution. NHC Cu(NOs)2_ KxCO5 A. NEKCI, Cu(NOs)2 B. K,COs, NACL 2 Not, + Kes, tp —QWKE + NGOs C. NaF only 3) “g) ogy 3) @) Nak, KC05 n week cei E. NHAClonly shots bese : netic € 31) A.0.1M aqueous solution of will have a pH close 197.0 825°C. sjpoug dnee > £g ” A. NaOCl xc © NHL D) Ca(OAc): B) None of these 32) A0.1M solution of. has a pH of 7.0 A) NaxS B)KF CONiwos D)NELCL ) NaF 33) Which ofthese ions is predicted to produce the most acidic so Cet di pea ee De So Why hh cleipec re Cina FelthoerH20 > Felta00H + ee “teevak 34) Determine the pH of a 0.15 M aqueous solution of KF. For bydrofluorig acid, K,= 7.0 X 10* A) 12.01 KE —> wre b> Des [eel =? Ee Tpbenoxie'? oo Fate SERF+ | py e fax! 1h 2h 93x19 OS, ey Foxit D)232 a/c e-] Hee =o ]-X a x - CHF]-DOH, . B \es-® x te (eff 215-99? : 537 Aaxye pore Carle] poit= ee “hex eye TH] Bie coke 4 spite 35) The K, for formic acid (HCO2H) is 10. What is the pIT of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of sodium formate (NaHCO;)? a 38) AIL Ne HCO, > N+ HOD [He] =[Natc05] 5=* ae Heo + iyo SHC +O! (nzx10"D-KB = 277° Bel oO | ky = &S6xI 7 tN age rece] yo2s-% aie | Prcory D ES x5= ey a vy poke Coglou] pHs 5.36 2 Lyla = eye phe pons 4 pls &4 oh fae36) Ka for HCN is 4.9 X 107°. Whatis the pH of a 0.068 M aqueous solution of sodium cyanide? A) 0.74 Nath —> Nef + cw” Tends Tne] = 0.063! B) 2.96 iF $0 = Hon + 047] (4.4299) Kbe. =/ox io” Oo | Kb= Z04K19* 4k le a cies pox) / Ten] * opie Ee @/ravce-~F" e Xe) PerS2e COW) pos - 37) What is the pH of a 0.50 M solufion of NaNO For HNOp, Ke= 4.5 x 10% ANAS) ley —> Net Oy B) 5.48 b= Dea] = Os0n] 4 Inox” +o i 5x134)- Bly = 1OXF D OLS parece \ WJ Gasp Tas 50 oy Kb = Tiwoy]- DP YEW] is CY | E700 Sh aX 4X |p 994/02 (D9/(0.50-*) i (9.80 eyo ace | xa 32«/5 7 = POHET iia , pit= Gob2 38) Ky for NH if 1.8 X 10°. What is the pH of a 0.35M aquedts solution of NH.Cl at 25.0 °C? A997 ty => Ne” CN i =Liyce 6 7055" B) 4.35 oxo p oo AHyT +120 = Nib Hy0") kaxkb= @s86) To Tea x(hemroe 2 1,0%15'9 D486) TOSS occ me o BRB clo» 4x 4% Kee <6. 86x35 DT } uy Eloss-my 7 dbo/lasc—> Ho - Bals0T] abe 4 Fh 39x15 Siz TAs 39) Calculate the milk ‘of 0.726 M anilinium hy@fochloride (CeEgNH3Cl) ae in water, given that Ky, for aniline is 3.83 X 10%, DLT Cans MHSCl GH snt cl Cette angi] = [ets], c B) 12.2 eels Ast sth0 = Gent H Ao" Ke x kb ol.0x10'F “iy © | Ka § (Bea ist 9° | e9Ze o HH pas cl OX 4x * ea aceon dna f He eer x « { 2 63x02 OD ig $26 0726 - Coplt33-8) ME 4.32%10 m= [3077 Ot E36ofreng base \ nesetial section i ee atany 20d )) What is the p) ).400 M KBrsolution? & A)L (oD cu D) Not enough data to claculate 41) For each of the following predict whether an aqueous solution would be acidic, basic or neutral? A) Sodium nitrateNaNO; _raeectra€ B) AmmoniumiodideNHd __ ecobie C) Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO; 287c_ » D) Ammonium cyanide NH,CN __ entra € Ni Kaz ON Kaw Ex1® ) Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl __ baste. F) Potassium acetate KCH;CO,__ asic 42) How can 100 ml sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13 be converted to a sodium hydroxide solution of pH 12? A) _ By diluting the solution with distilled water to a total volume of 108 ml B) _ by diluting the solution with distilled water to a total volume of 200mL o by diluting to a total volume of 1.00 D) By adding 100mL of 0.10M HCI B) By adding 100mL of 0.01M NaOH = (GO pHelS => poe / > PH l= i'm vi = eee: Pilate me pote 2 a> Cow = 10°07 Vee Dieta Wy = Pav (i0'yf) (amos) = (8°) = 19906