Power computations for sinusoidal ac circuits Ut) = Ev) = [J4,c08(.t + 8) C08 (wt + 8)) 1 (608 A){cos 8 [cos (4 + 8) + cos(4 ~ 8)] Fourier series Ait) = ag + Diacos (nat) + b, sin (nwt) cose +648) +cos(0 = 4)) The powerfactor ph =[oos(0) ~ op ]DF Form factor = 4 Crest factor = = Ripple Factor = (Form Factor)? —1 ‘Transformer Utilisation Factor TUF = 2 Efficiency= Pde/Pac RMS of sum of more than two periodic voltages: = Vim + hrm => = yf SF = Iam = VB me Em? = Se atm Yn py — vate = 3 f° simwr dew = Ze 11 — costa + 091 f-source iad ingot) — "Ee 4e-“P for @ et = 8 singer = 9 Z= VRP + (oh Vasin a = Vx Half wave rectified voltage fourier series Fourler series =H SS tycostnwoe +=) 2a Single phate controlled rectifiers Half wave Resistive load Average power for nonsinusoldal periodic voltage and current waveforms Is: uct Sree an(tet) Veme Full wave Vde=* cosa Vins = "2 Dual converter circulating current Wi a1, eos at cos a1)Multiphase sta rome = F rectifiers vae = (G45 3 ine Three phase rectifiers” Full wave = Vn. Vom vale Fy + sin vac = 2B 20 ae Fourier series of vde ZS hheos (nage +m) Shy wat) IDI ‘Three phase controlled rectifiers Half wave ~continues load current Vomns — V3¥n Semiconverter 3V3V Vae = On Ves = V8¥q, Soa 2a an aC coo" (+ cos a) ‘Sinden a [> (eas ‘Semiconverter as60° Vde = 3V3Vm Qa Vee = V3¥in Full wave 33M, Vde = van = VV, (1+ cosa) a8 06 Vy as 22 . wo im 160 ALLL CTS Delay Angle Figure 4-12 Output harmonic voltages asa function of delay angle for a single-phase controlled rectifier Z(F + Feosta) cos a 1 ava + cose + an ACvoltage controllers Vows Vy 1-24 [a , sin@ay VN poe Iscrave = a + cos a) Dey Ange ore) Figure 421. Normalized output voltge harmonics as a function oF dey angle fora treesphase estiSingle-phase Voluge Controller ‘Normalized rms Output Vohage = & & & 0 w ” 120 160 ‘Delay Angle (Degrees) Figure 5-2 Normalized rms lad voltage vs, delay angle fora single-phase ‘voltage controller with a resistive load, Harmonics, Single-phase Controller Lo 06 G «4 C n= 3] a E ET vo Delay Angle (Degrees) igure 5-3 Normalized harmonic content vs. delay angle for a single-phase ac voltage controller with a resistive load; C; is the normalized amplitude. (See Chap. 2.)DC-DC Converters A Basic Switching Converter w= iD | [v= ta- $m The Buck (Step-down) Converter (a0 ou (or te a FF) yD) Cap)e= "ier ‘Ouapat Voliage Ripple ay =D) 1=D BLS BLAS Ig)? mary Inductance Convertor (Sapte) and [2 ior uD on hs mai au en SM a = + hp Nonideal Switches And Converter Performance (Capacitor Resistance—The Effect on Ripple Voltage 1, = VD — Vd — Ink —D)| [Btirsn = Alcre= Arve] [BES Mla ese = Bier ‘Design Considiration=| eee ‘The Boost Converter 1th Tae" oe i,t] |, P= Pre oe ar | Ee ap _ let | [are OR 2 Su Buf urpur Voliage Ripple D Riargjmoy | [Moses Sore naar Inductor Resistance DC Power Supplies Transformator Model ico P To he i ~ Tn JiRO= DF) 1” TTT iE (uy, peo “rors “aL kp. pr} 2 The Buck Boost Converter Topadn) “onl er | Prowse fe) ‘Durpa Valtage Ripple > [ats ese = Slovo Femur RSTO