All Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 2) SHORT QUESTIONS Define the followings: Mitosi: Mitosis is the division of a nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei in which the number of chromosomes remains same. Meiosi Meiosis is the division that results in four daughter cells each with half the nu ber of chromosomes of the parent cell. Chromosomes: Chromosomes are thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Heredity: The passing of characteristics from one generation to next is call d hr dity. Gene: Gene is a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to ffspring. It determine characteristic of the offspring. Genetics: The passing of characteristics from one generation to next is called heredity. The science of heredity is called genetics. Where does mitosis occur? Mitosis takes place in the somatic cells (body e s) of an organism. State where does meiosis take place in human males and in females? Meiosis occurs in the special cells of sex organs. In males meiosis produces sperms and in females meiosis produce v ries. Where does meiosis occur in p ants? Meiosis occurs in the special ce s of sex organs. In plants, anther produce pollens and ovaries produce egg cells. Whatare the steps _f mitosis? i) Prophase ii) Metaphase iii) Anaphase iv) Telophase v)Cytokinesis What are the steps of meiosis? Meiosis-I i) Prophase-I ii) Metaphase-I iii) | Anaphase-I iv) Telophase-I i) Prophase-II ii) Metaphase-II iii) Anaphase-II iv) Telophase-II Visit www.easymcqs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 1 of 4) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 2) The number of chromosomes in fr chromosomes in its sperm or egg? There are 4 chromosomes in sperm and 4 in egg. fly is 8. What is the number of Draw and label a nucleotide? Name the four nitrogenous bases of DNA. The four nitrogenous bases present in DNA are: i) Adenine (A) ii) Guanine (G) iii) Cytosine (C) iv) Thymine (T) Whatis a gene? Gene is a unit of heredity which is tr nsferred from a parent to offspring. It determine characteristic of the offspring LONG / EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS What is heredity? Explain. + The passing f characteristics from one generation to the next is called here ity. A nucleus is present in all cells. The nucleus contains thread-like structure called the chromosomes. The chromosomes carry the genes that control all your characteristics. Chromosomes occur in pairs. Whats the importance of (a) heredity (b) mitosis (c) meiosis? a) The process of heredity is responsible for passing the characteristics from one generation to next. b) All the cells of body divide through mitosis. So it is important for growth as well as for asexual reproduction. c) Sexual Reproduction takes place through meiosis. Visit www.easymcgs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 2 of 4) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafigi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR 8™" CLASS (UNIT 2) the process of mitosis in an animal cell. It consists of following stages: Prophase: »* Chromosomes shorten, flatten and become visible. »* Chromosomes divides into a pair of identical chromatids joined to one another by the centromere. The centriols take up the position of opposite sides of nucleus. A spindle fiber begins to form. * The nuclear membrane breaks down. The chromosome line up on the middle of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a different spindle fibre coming from opposite poles at its centromere. * The chromatids separate into individual chrom sme due to separation of centromere which is separated due to the pull created by the spindle fibres coming from opposite poles and move to the oppo ite e d of the cell. + The chromosomes gather at opposite end of the cell. * Annuclear membrane forms around e ch group of chromosomes. The division of the cell is called ytokinesis. The cytoplasm pinches in half. + Each daughter cell has an identical set of chromosomes. Describe the process of mei si: n animal cell. Meiosis has two clear divisi ns Mei sis 1 and Meiosis II. A) Meiosis I i)___Prophase I * Chromosomes shorten, flatten and become visible. * Chrom s mes divides into a pair of identical chromatids joined to one another by the centr mere. + Spin le fiber begins to form. ii) Metaphase I * The homologous chromosome line up on the middle of the cell. Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers by centromere. Anaphase I * The spindle fibers shorten and the chromosomes separate going to opposite poles. iv) Telophase I * The chromosomes gather at opposite end of the cell. * Each daughter cell has a half set of chromosomes the parent cell. Visit www.easymegs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 3 of 4) WWW.EASYMCQS.COMAll Federal Board Punjab Board Chapter Wise PDF Notes Free Download Website: www.easymegs.com , E-mail: usmanrafiqi11@qmail.com GENERAL SCIENCE FOR8™ CLASS (UNIT 2) B) Meiosis II i)___Prophase 11 * Two cells were formed at the end of Meiosis-I. * Nuclear envelop break down, spindle fibers forms. ii) Metaphase IT * The chromosomes align themselves on equator attached at spindle fibers. iii) Anaphase IT + Spindle Fibers shorten separating the chromatid. This pulls the hr matids in opposite poles. iv) _Telophase 11 ~~» The nuclear envelop forms around each cell of chromosom . * Asa result of cytokinesis, the cells will split to form 4 daugh rc lis. What are the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis Meiosis Tt takes place in body cells. Tt takes place in sex cells. Two daughter cells are formed Four daughter cells are formed. Daughter cells are identical to parent cell. |D ughter cells are not identical to parent ce. The number of chromosomes remains |The number of chromosomes becomes same. haf. The function includes general growth. The function includes producing] organisms having different| characteristics. Goreaite the structure of DNA. The sugar deoxyribose a d ph sphate group join up and form the backbone of the DNA strand. The bases are attached to the sugar deoxyribose molecules. DNA strand is made of t o strands of nucleotides. It looks like a ladder. The upright part. f the ladder is made up of deoxyribose and phosphate group. The “rungs” in the ladder consist of four bases. And then the wh le molecules twisted into a double helix 4 a bit like a spiral staircase Visit www.easymcqs.com for Notes, Old Papers, PDF, Jobs, IT Courses & more. (Page 4 of 4) WWW.EASYMCQS.COM