ee Learning Arabic Language of the QUR'AN Ne Od Chapter 2 Ge oy NUMBER — Susi Singular, Dual and Plurals In English there is only singular and plural. However, there are three numbers in Arabic: ¢ Singular — Syaast * Dual - ¢ Plural - et! The dual is formed by adding the suflix fatha, alif and noon with kasrah (QI) in the nominative case (3! 25\S) and fatha, sukoon and noon with kasra (:3—-) in both the accusative and genitive case for masculine nouns. Examples of masculine duals: ees 5? er (Case) Singular Dual sus ous Nominee A Muslim Two Muslims (a5! ale) 4 2: NumberLearning Arabic Language of the QUR'AN Ws oe | sanatahd A Muslim Two Muslims (asl Je) gle Lu Sue A Muslim |__Two Muslims Gel als) Examples: (BTig cis KS HEC “And as for the wall, it belongs to Avo orphan boys in the city.” (18: 82) For feminine... the nouns end in “ 3 ” (253552) 2) ). This changes to an ordinary “& * in the dual. The suffixes “ola” and “3” will be added as in masculine duals. Examples of feminine duals: ag oe (Case) Singular Dual igh os OL Nominative A Muslim woman | Two Muslim women (a3 ae) a ae | eal oee Accusative A Muslim woman | Two Muslim women (wast Je) weyoe I Cobre Genitive A Muslim woman | Two Muslim women Gea) 42 2: Numberes Learning Arabic Language of the QUR’AN Examples: oy cay “We have assigned to one of them fwo gardens of grapes.” (18: 32) “And for him who feared to stand before his Fosterer are two gardens.” (55:46) There are two types of plurals in Arabic: 1.Sound plural - Aen esi 2. Broken plural — 228) as j j The Sound Plural (es ehh : In the formation of sound plural the original form of the noun does not change. It has different masculine and feminine forms and is formed by suffixing dammah, waw with sukoon and noon with fatha “3-2” in nominative, and kasrah, yaa with sukoon and noon with fatha “Soa” in the accusative and genitive cases to the end of the masculine nouns. Examples of masculine Sound Plurals: eos . te og? fe £ : oe ee & (Case) _ Singular Dual Plural ; ey oe oye Nominative AMuslim | Two Muslims Muslims | (23! ale) 43 2: NumberLearning Arabic Language of the QUR'AN ayo% wry es <2 ye3 Accusative AMuslim | Two Muslims | Muslims | (4! J) Salts, scl se os Genitive Muslims Two Muslims A Muslim GA! ae) For feminine plurals fatha, alif and. taa with tanwin dammah “S\_<” is suffixed for nominative, and fatha, alif and taa with tanwin kesrah “E\>~” for accusative and genitive cases. (Case) bis ( ig bee |. | Plural Su Nominative Muslim women (23) ae) Muslim | Two Muslim woman women kus oe eis Accusative Muslim | Two Muslim Muslim (23) die) woman women women - ins othe sus Genitive Muslim | Two Muslim Muslinpworbin Ai ale) women women Note: In the singular form we observe that the nominative, accusative and genitive cases are evident by the harakah (’S55 ——) on the 7 last letter of es ie. tanwin dammah (£) , tanwin fatha (2) and tanwin kasrah (—). This is called 4&- hy ber. As 2: NumberLearning Arabic Language of the QUR'AN In the dual and plural forms, the eeyl are not evident with harakah S55/ <__*) but represent the nominative, accusative and genitive cases with the use of letters such as (}!-<) (65 4) (S5.<) (83S) This is called: 333-4 Sey. Example. oot eee ees “The Muslim men and the Muslim women, the believing men and the believing women, the obedient men and the obedient women and the truthful men and the truthful women, the patient men and the patient women, the humble men and the humble women, the men who give charity and the women who give charity, the men who fast and the women who fast, the chaste men and the chaste women and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember; Allah is certainly (ready for their) protective forgiveness and has prepared a great reward for them.” (33:35) The Broken Plural (sh ee ): Unlike sound plurals where the original form of the word is retained, the broken plural is formed 45 2: Number———— Learning Arabic Language of the QUR'AN by making internal changes to the structure of the noun by means of deletions, prefixes and suffixes. Examples of broken plurals for the word SES is as follows: (Case) Singular Dual -Ploral EES ove ES Nominative Book | Two books Books (eH Ue) ves ee Accusative Book Two books Books (wall US) Cus nee Genitive Books Two books | Book Gel ale) Here we see that the formation of the dual is the same as that of the sound plurai in the nominative, accusative and genitive cases, 46 2: Numberse Learning Arabiv Language of the QUR'AN Listed below are some examples of broker plurals. wel ee | cf Singular | Plural Singular Plural & | sf om 2 Boy Boys Command/A ffair Commands/A fairs 5 | oS) is rel Lord Lords Prophet oe % oF Bos Ky 0k Je Jbl te 755) Property Properties Soul Souls es at ail a8 / 348 River | Rivers Months Bac Sef Gas a5 35! on Wife Wives Cities dy Jes! ; | Foot Feet a. Ship Ships Eye ao Heart Hearts Sword 1 Swords Mountain Mountains fae &- Gee Boss ne) Jey es Ce Man Men House Houses al | ayes os pei Woman | Women Pen Pens 47 2: NumberLearning Arabic Language of the QUR'AN Examples: KAN GG SANTOS “And these days (ups and downs) We keep on changing among human beings by turn.” (3:140) # geoy (GE & 3 ES “And gardens beneath which rivers flow.” (3:136) CGS BSS pee tushy “Are different masters better or Allah, the One, the Omnipotent?” (12:39) 4661 SG» “And the inountains pegs?” (78:7) ce sstiicst a “They have hearts with which they do not understand.” (7:179) (Eats Kobus “Then marry from among the women who seem good to you.” (4:3) 6 GE eS Ap “Some of your wives and your children are certainly your enemies.” (64:14) 48 2: NumberLearning Arabic Language of the QUR’AN hh AAS acl HEEL AS “That was because there came to them their messengers with clear proofs.” (64:6) thas 4 (SEBEL SEA) “There is no sin on you if you enter non residential buildings wherein your provision (is stored).” (24:29) 49 2: Number