Study Notes Of Vitamins

Vitamins are a group of compound, required in small quantity for controlling metabolism and body
functioning.

Vitamins are two types- fat soluble (A, D, E, K) and water soluble (B and C)

(A). Fat soluble Vitamins:

Vitamins (Name) Rich food source Functions Deficiency Diseases

A (Retinol) Fish liver oils, dairy Needed for normal Dry skin, night
product, liver, most growth and induce blindness(Nyctalopia)
leafy vegetables and differentiation of
carrots contain cells
carotene that can be
converted into
retinol Regeneration of
rhodopsin in rod
cells of the eyes.
Maintain of normal
vision

Essential for
immune system.

D (Calciferol) Fish oils, egg yolk Promotes Rickets in children

and butter. It can be absorption of (soft bones that bend
made by the action calcium from easily). Osteomalacia
of sunlight on skin intestine. (painful bones) in
Necessary for adults
formation of normal
bone
E (Tocopherol) Vegetables oils, Formation of red Mild anaemia and
cereal products, blood cells, affect sterility.
whole grain, nuts, muscles and
egg, butter etc reproductive
system.
Maintain healthy
cholesterol level

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 Vitamins (Name) Rich food source Functions Deficiency Diseases
K (Phylloquinone) Fresh, dark green Formation of Delayed clotting
vegetables. Also prothrombin time. May occur in new
made by gut (involved in blood born babies before
bacteria clotting their gut bacteria
become established

(B). Water soluble Vitamins

Vitamins Rich food source Function Deficiency Diseases

B1 (Thiamine) Pork, cereals, nuts, Essential in Beri-beri (weakness of limb
seeds, yeast, whole converting glucose muscles)
grain to energy
Important to nerve
function
B2 (Riboflavin) Milk, milk products, Involved in the Cracked skin, blurred vision
leafy vegetables, formation of RBC,
eggs maintenance of
body tissue
particularly skin
and eyes
Essential for
metabolizing
carbohydrates, fats
and lipids.
B3 (Niacin) Meat, whole grain, Important for Pellagra (severe skin
cereals, beans nervous system, problem, diarrhoea,
digestive system dementia)
and skin health
B5(Pentothenic Acid) Whole grain cereals Part for an enzyme Pellagra, dermatitis,
and legumes needed for energy diarrhoea
metabolism
B6(Pyridoxine) Meat, fish, egg, Used to build RBC Skin problem, nerve disorder
vegetables and maintain nerve
tissue

Necessary for
immune system
functioning

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Vitamins Rich food source Function Deficiency Diseases
B9 (Folic Acid) Leafy green Necessary to build Anaemia
vegetables, liver, nucleic acid, which
are essential for
making new cells
especially RBC
B12(Cyanocobalamine) Liver, milk, fish, Help build and Pernicious anaemia, nerve
meat maintain protective disorder
nerve sheath
Needed for RNA and
DNA synthesis.
C (Ascorbic acid) Citrus fruits, Protect cellular Scurvy (bleeding of gums,
tomatoes, leafy function teeth falling)
vegetables Important for
immune system

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