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Vat Lieu Hoc Nguyen Van Dung Chuong 3 VL Huu Co (Cuuduongthancong - Com)
Vat Lieu Hoc Nguyen Van Dung Chuong 3 VL Huu Co (Cuuduongthancong - Com)
1. Khái niệm
• VL hữu cơ chứa hợp chất cao phân tử (polymer) và phụ
gia.
• Polymer hình thành từ nhiều đơn vị cơ sở lặp lại, có
KLPT từ 10000 đến hơn 1 triệu g/mol.
• Polymer: tự nhiên, tổng hợp
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Đơn vị cơ sở (Repeat unit)
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2. Phân loại: theo cấu trúc mạch, thành phần hóa học,
tính chất, ứng dụng
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Theo ứng dụng:
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3. PP tổng hợp (polymer hóa): trùng hợp, trùng
ngưng
Trùng hợp: dựa trên nối đôi
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Addition Polymerization
Addition polymers form:
•when unsaturated carbon (organic) molecules
react to form a long chain polymer molecule
•and no small molecules or atoms are eliminated
during the reaction
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Condensation Polymerization
Condensation polymers form:
• when bifunctional monomers react to form a long
chain polymer molecule
• small molecules, such as water, are eliminated
during the reaction
Polyesters, polyamides, proteins and polysaccharides
such as cellulose, are all examples of condensation
polymers.
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Polyesters form when the -OH functional group of one
monomer reacts with the -COOH functional group of another
monomer.
An ester link (-COO-) is formed between monomers during
the reaction.
H2O is eliminated in the reaction.
General reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diol:
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4. Phụ gia
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5. Cấu trúc và liên kết trong VL polymer
a) Mạch thẳng
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b) Mạch không gian
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c) Cấu trúc tinh thể
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d) Liên kết trong polymer
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e) Khối lượng phân tử
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KLPT trung bình số
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Mức độ polymer hóa (degree of polymerization)
Ví dụ:
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