ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank everyone that helped me to complete assignment. Special thanks to Dr
Nur Mardhiyah Aziz for teaching this module. She has taught this module very well until
students can understand well and this can be implemented well in the assignment given. My
friends and parents gave moral support when doing this assignment. This gave me the boost
to complete this assignment successfully. So, in future, I hope will receive a lot of support for
another assignment like this.

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Table of Contents

Content Pages
Acknowledgements i
Table of contents ii
Introduction 1
Explain in detail the role of the construction 2
industry
Explain in detail the contribution of the
construction industry in economic growth in
terms of:
o Employment
2-4
o Foreign Investment
o Tourism
o The growth of other industry
Explain the challenges faced by the
Malaysian construction industry due to the 5-7
implementation of the MCO.
Procurement Method 8-9
i) the history of the profession
ii) the current roles of the profession
10-13
iii) how the technology has evolved the roles
of the profession
Conclusion 14
References 15

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INTRODUCTION
The construction industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. This industry is
mainly urban, engaged in the preparation and construction of real estate. Renovating existing
buildings or making certain changes is also part of the construction industry. The structure is
as old as history, because humans have built structures for centuries. Most of the historical
monuments did not managed to survive until now because they were built with various
materials. Architects dream of it, and engineers strive for maximum customer satisfaction.
Architecture is one of the highest achievements of our civilization. Egyptians began to organize
and construct large buildings with stone and baked bricks, the construction industry itself
officially began. The 3000-year-old Egyptian pyramids are made of huge stone blocks. In
Guatemala, the 2500-year-old Mayan temple was built with handmade stone. In North
America, as more settlers came to the colony, the rise of the construction industry coincided
with the rise of agriculture and the demand for housing using burnt bricks. They survived, and
historians have left us with many structural miracles. Past classics include the pyramids of
Egypt, the Taj Mahal and the Great Wall of China. The earliest buildings in North America
were factories, watermills, windmills and residential buildings. In 1796, the construction
industry began to use cast iron rods, which made a breakthrough in architectural design,
enabling architects and builders to build buildings with more than 10 floors. In the 19th century,
14- and 15-story buildings with mechanical elevators were built, which was the forerunner of
modern skyscrapers. The construction industry is experimenting on new techniques and new
source of raw materials by utilizing metals and synthetic materials. Stronger materials allow
large open structures to be built with less support. These new products are designed to
withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes. Rapid construction is
becoming more and more popular in the 21st century. It is estimated that 40% of construction
projects are currently on the fast track. Accelerated construction is becoming more and more
popular in the 21st century. It is estimated that 40% of current construction projects will be
completed soon.

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TASK 1

The construction industry is one of the main driving forces of economic growth in developing
countries. The diversity of the industry enables it to effectively mobilize and utilize human and
material resources, learn from the experience of all aspects of the construction industry and
become the main purchaser of finished products. It also plays an important role in the
development and maintenance of housing and infrastructure, helping to develop local
employment opportunities and increase profits. The contribution of the construction industry
to the national economy is very important, because it creates jobs and income for people, and
industrial changes directly affect the entire country's economy. On this basis, the researchers
suspect that there is a strong correlation between construction productivity (CO) and GDP.
This means that everything that happens in this industry will directly or indirectly affect other
industries and ultimately affect the well-being of the country. Therefore, the industry is
considered to be the main driving force of the country's economic growth.

Employment

The construction sector is considered to be a labor-intensive sector and has a mechanism for
job creation and provides jobs for millions of non-skilled, semi-skilled and skilled workers. It
plays an important role in reducing unemployment and ultimately reducing poverty. Play a role
in creating national well-being, developing infrastructure and socio-economic construction.
Provide employment opportunities for more than one million people. In 2010, the construction
industry employed 1.02 million people, accounting for 9.2% of the total labor force. The rising
trend of the construction industry's employment ratio is stated below. It shows that the average
annual contribution to employment is 8 years. During the study period, it was 56% and the
standard deviation was 0.79%. In the first ten years of Outlook 2020 (1991-2000), the average
annual employment rate was 8.07% of the available labor force. In the second decade (2001-
2010), the average annual employment rate per year the employment rate is 9.15% (Reza Ali
Khan, 2014). The year showed that the sector played an effective role in the social and
economic development of the society, providing employment opportunities, increasing
sources of income, and reducing the social unemployment rate in society.

2
Foreign Investment

Foreign investment affects the economic and political structure of most countries. Capital plays
a central role in every country’s foreign investment plan. The most important expectation of
foreign investors is higher turnover, ensuring compliance with laws and regulations related to
free trade and investment, as well as transparency and fairness in various fields. The type and
integrity of fund transfer transactions. In addition, with the development of globalization,
foreign investment has become important for job creation in most economies. Encourage
companies to seek new mergers, business partnerships and direct purchase opportunities.
Many international companies find it easier to enter target markets through competitive
construction and investment projects. The promotion of new technologies and important IT
projects in order to have sufficient funds to travel the world safely and without obstacles.
Policies to enter capital-scarce countries so that they can have higher sales to help finance
investment in the countries that are entering, with a view to promoting global prosperity. These
investments have improved the construction industry, and countries such as Turkey have
performed well.

Tourism

The construction industry has contributed to the development of tourism in many countries.
For example, major international hotel chains such as Hilton, Holiday Inn and Intercontinental
Hotels are currently building hotels in Ghana, and these hotels should be completed before
the country’s Africa Cup Music Festival in January 2008. Ambassador Hotel in Accra (built in
1957, Ghana gained independence) and City Hotel in Kumasi (Kwabena Asomanin Anaman,
2017). The rapid growth of hotel construction is related to the accelerated development of
tourism, which is considered an important industry in the country. The rapid growth in the
construction of international shopping centres and the expansion of the construction of
shopping centres have led to an increase in retail sales. Due to the influx of foreign tourists
into Ghana for shopping, the industry and the greater integration of the economy with
neighbouring countries. The construction project may have a huge impact on the tourism
industry of the country's economy.

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The growth of other industry

The construction sectors of other oil-producing countries, but less diversified economies such
as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and more diversified oil-producing
countries such as Russia, such as Russia, have experienced tremendous prosperity. Against
the backdrop of falling oil prices in the 1980s, the UAE’s construction industry developed
rapidly and successfully managed the country’s infrastructure construction. Commercial
activities in these countries have triggered a considerable construction boom. As a result,
these countries began to develop and gain recognition in the construction of oil depots and
the world's leading oil suppliers. He also has strong economic control over the world.

4
TASK 2

Stringent Workers’ Accommodation Requirement

Due to the accumulation of various COVID-19 in construction sites and factories, the
government is seriously studying the possibility of containing the source of COVID-19
transmission: workers’ residences. Currently, this standard is used in conjunction with the
2020 minimum standards for employee housing, housing and services (houses and housing).
What does this mean for contractors? Now, tighter restrictions apply to worker placement.
Breaching the law is a crime. If convicted, the contractor will be fined up to RM50,000 or
imprisoned for up to one year, or both. The law involves obtaining a "residence certificate"
from the Director-General of the Ministry of Labour of Peninsular Malaysia. The
accommodation arranged must meet specific criteria, such as: setting up separate
accommodation for both men and women; taking required precautions to ensure the safety
and health of employees. Ensure that the cable system meets the safety requirements of the
important legal laws; take care of the health issues of employees by taking care of medical
finance; take preventive measures in accordance with the applicable written laws and follow
the doctor’s health supervision instructions to curb the spread of infectious diseases. The
employer will adopt the doctor’s regulations at its own expense, measures to enable all or part
of the sick to provide personnel at their own expense, immunity to any infectious disease; and
more content stipulated by the revised law itself.

Hike in price of raw materials

Global supply chain has been hit worse by the pandemic. From February 2021, commodity
prices have surge approximately 30 to 40 percent. Contractors who already own the project
will not only lose profits, but they may also suffer potential losses when the project is
completed. The contractor returns to their client and asks the client to take over the price
increase. It depends on the contract. Most construction contracts will include: "No matter how
raw material prices fluctuate; the contract price remains the same." On the contrary, due to
fluctuations in raw material prices, the contractor may not be able to demand more money
(Top 6 Challenges Malaysian Contractors Will Face After MCO, 2021).

Mandatory QLASSIC

In 2017, the construction quality assessment system (QLASSIC) was established through
bidding to measure the quality of the industry. According to the National Housing Policy 2.0,

5
the Ministry of Construction confirmed its commitment in 2019 to require mandatory
implementation of QLASSIC certification for all upcoming projects in 2020. (NHP 2.0). MCO
has partially cancelled the plan, but QLASSIC will soon enforce it on all construction projects.
In order to reduce accidents and injuries during the project, stricter regulations have also been
formulated. This includes all contractors bidding for the project and taking into account the
additional costs required to meet health and safety requirements in the evaluation. Deal with
it.

Competition With Foreign Contractors

Our authorities commenced doing away with regulations on overseas equity participation in
numerous creation-associated industries starting form 2009. This leads to mass attraction
from foreign investors, especially China. Based on Malaysian Investment Development
Authority (MIDA), China has become the most important investor in Malaysian real estate
leaving Singapore in second place. Despite increasing overseas competition, China’s
investment creates an unease environment in Malaysian market for local investors. Based at
the Construction Industry Development Board’s (CIDB) statistics, nearby contractors’
marketplace proportion in fee had decrease 16 percent from 2006 to 2014. “Of late, we're
seeing extra participation from Chinese contractors withinside the Malaysian marketplace both
immediately or via joint ventures with nearby contractors. In our view, we suppose the brink
that Chinese contractors have over different overseas contractors in addition to our nearby
ones is get entry to to funding, less expensive labour, get entry to to substances and rapid
turnaround creation period,” AllianceDBS Research opined. The presence of Chinese
contractors has sparked combined views, absolute confidence forcing nearby contractors to
grow to be extra competitive, using many to up their recreation in performance and
productivity. However, some felt it is hard to compete with rich Chinese contractors that will
cause many local contractors to face loss.

Shortage of Skilled Labor

Due to the pandemic, many countries have curb movement in and out of country, making it
difficult to import skilled workers. Foreign labour have been large workforce in Malaysian
construction industry. With the closure of the labour force, labour costs have increased
because the country now has the ability to attract and retain the best talent, thus always
providing companies with a competitive advantage. However, if this skill shortage continues,

6
contractors will have to struggle more and more to maintain their dominant position with
industry competitors.

Technology Adoption

As the company strives to ensure the continuity of its workforce, the adoption of technology in
the construction industry is accelerating. Most industries, including the construction industry,
have also begun to adopt the concept of "Work from Home" (WFH). Obviously, the WFH
concept still exists after MCO. Companies can adapt to these new working conditions by
implementing the necessary technologies, including: Cloud software, integrated collaboration
and mobile project management. Especially in the construction industry, we will increasingly
accept the use of building information modelling (BIM), industrial building systems (IBS), laser
scanning and machine automation. There are growing demand for industry-specific
technologies by contractors.

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TASK 3

Management procurement

Management
Contracting
Construction
Management

Diagram 1 shows two types of management procurement

The procurement method that is suitable for this situation is management contracting.
Management contracting employs the trade contractors, with the professionals being retained
by the employer. The work is divided into several ‘packages’, each of which will be a works
contract. The works contractors enter into contacts with the management contractor. The
management contractor is engaged early on to advising on programming, buildability,
packaging of work. The businessman in this situation can build the building he needed with
his own ideas no matter how complex it is.

8
Figure 1 shows management contracting.

This method is selected because it is suitable for large, complex, fast moving projects where
early completion is desirable. This technically complex project required this method to
complete it without any huge problems. Then, it depends on upon a high decree of confidence
and trust. For example, no firm contract price before the work starts on site but based on only
estimation. Moreover, it is an advantage to appoint the management contractor at early stage,
so that their knowledge and expertise are available to the design team throughout the
preconstruction period. Much of the detailed design work proceed in parallel with the site
operations, reducing the time needed before the project starts on-site. Furthermore, the client
has a considerable degree of flexibility on design matters. The design can be adjusted as
construction proceeds, without sacrificing cost control. For example, in this project, the client
has no pressure in changing his ideas about the design of building and it is built according to
the information given. The project proceeds on the basis of a contract cost plan, but an
independent quantity surveyor is required for effective cost control. The advantage of choosing
this procurement method is, the client deals with only one firm, which enables improved
coordination and collaboration between designers and constructors. It improves
constructability through constructor input into the design. It also has roles, risks and
responsibilities for all parties are clear.

9
TASK 4

Architect

Today's terminology can be traced back to the mid-16th century. Architetto from France and
Italy originated from the Greek arkhitektn, where arkhi means the chief and tektn began to
develop independently in Italy during the Renaissance. As far as we know today, he has not
been recognized, and unlike an artist or sculptor, this is not clearly defined in it. Training for
those who want to participate, there are no unions dedicated to profit, people who work for
churches and palaces standing next to ordinary craftsmen.

Architects are licensed professionals who are trained in the art and science of architectural
design. They can develop structural concepts and convert them into images and plans.
Architects create the overall beauty and appearance of buildings and other structures, but the
design of buildings includes more than just appearance. Buildings must also be functional,
safe, affordable, and able to meet the needs of users. Conduct preliminary discussions with
customers throughout the construction process. Your task requires specific skills: design,
engineering, management, supervision and communication with customers and builders. The
architect and the client discuss the goals, requirements and budget of the project. Create
drawings and reports with ideas for the acquaintance of customers. After discussing and
agreeing to the original proposal, the architect developed the final blueprint to show the interior
and exterior of the building construction details.

When planning the project, the architect should abide by the UBBL, zoning laws, fire protection
laws and other regulations, such as B. Those who need to facilitate the access for people with
disabilities. Paper and pencil are the most common methods for creating engineering drawings
and construction drawings. Keeping records is crucial in the field of architecture and
engineering. The law requires certain project documents to be kept for at least 12 years. For
some people, the most important thing is to be able to reference information from previous
projects for long-term clients or maintenance projects. Returning to the original design
approach can provide valuable insights for the project team. Advances in storage devices that
cache large amounts of data and the economies of scale associated with cloud storage have
made it easier for construction and engineering companies to store digital data. The file is in
a central location. Companies can also convert paper documents into digital records for long-
term storage in one place. With the improvement of record management software, the keyword

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search and workflow functions in the software make it easy to find records no matter where
the user is.

Civil Manager

The term civil engineer was not used until around 1750, when John Smeaton, the builder of
the Eddystone lighthouse near Plymouth, England, was the first self-appointed civil engineer
to distinguish it from military engineers at the time. As an independent discipline, it can be
traced back to the establishment of the Bridge and Road Corps in France in 1716. The National
School of Bridges and Roads was founded in 1747 (Madhav, 2019).The oldest of the four
basic and basic engineering disciplines is civil engineering, which has evolved from the
methods used in ancient times into a profession. Responsible for the design, preparation and
construction of various types of structures, such as bridges, roads, tunnels, ports and airports.

Conduct engineering and feasibility studies, as well as site surveys, including analyzing
topographic reports, maps, engineering drawings, floor plans, aerial photos, and other
topographic or geological data for project planning. Before starting the project, a detailed
report will be made, stating the acceptable conditions and what needs to be changed. The civil
engineer will oversee the project from start to finish and make any necessary changes in the
process. They will follow up the process and review its safety performance during the
completion of the project.

Kinetic energy is one of the latest civil engineering technologies. The technology provided by
Pavegen can make the floor fully utilize the energy of your steps. It can be used indoors or
outdoors in high-flow areas, and can also be used through electromagnetic induction and
flywheel energy storage. To the transportation centre, there will be a large number of people
passing through so far, the company's biggest business is to illuminate the floodlights around
a football field in Rio de Janeiro. At present, there is also a temporary facility outside London's
Canary Wharf station to supply electricity for street lights.

11
Project Manager

In the late 1980s, Microsoft started an ambitious project and faced a problem: there were too
many participants, marketing, engineering, and business teams were involved, and no one
knew how to coordinate them. Microsoft found a clever solution. They chose a person who
had the authority to organize and coordinate the new project. After Microsoft appointed a full-
time person in charge, everything went smoothly, and the team felt more happy about the
vitality of the work. In the end, Microsoft made this new role the core of all its projects. This is
how the project manager was born.

The project manager starts each new project by defining the main goals, objectives and scope
of the project. You will also identify key internal and external stakeholders, discuss common
expectations, and obtain the necessary approvals to advance the project. Develop a
comprehensive project plan aimed at achieving the established goals. The plan created in this
process helps the project manager to track quality and communicate issues. At this stage, the
project manager outlines the key deliverables and milestones, and determines the tasks that
need to be performed to complete each task. It is important to note that the "plan" of the project
does not really end before the project itself is completed. Documents that are constantly
evolving during the project. In the monitoring and control phase, the job of the project manager
includes monitoring the progress of the project. Project budget to ensure that important
milestones are reached and compare actual indicators with planned/planned indicators. At this
stage, the project manager will work hard to ensure that all operations required for the final
result are completed. The client must receive a formal confirmation that the project has been
completed, release all resources (budget or personnel) that are no longer needed for the
project, review the work of external suppliers or partners to settle the contract, pay the bills
and archive the project documents for future reference and use.

Technology allows project managers to improve project processes, thereby managing project
complexity, project integration and resource usage. In addition to these processes, technology
can also help project managers promote open communication, learning, knowledge transfer,
and productivity improvements. Work with project experts to target specific stakeholders'
electronic yellow pages, such as scope, plan, cost accounting and risk management. In
particular, technologies such as electronic yellow pages, video conferencing, Internet and
Intranet can help project managers lead projects in virtual project teams.

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Quantity Surveyor

Although Henry Cooper and Sons of Reading were founded in 1785, surveyors still appeared
in England in the early 19th century. Before the word "investigator" was first recorded in 1859,
"counter", "customs inspector" or "investigator" were used. In the early days, the quantity
inspector of the wholesaler worked and measured it after completion, and often sent the final
report to the manufacturer.

Surveyors are professionals in the construction industry who specialize in assessing

construction costs. The term quantity surveyor comes from its role in quantifying the various
resources required to create a given project, such as manpower, supervision, equipment and
materials. Use your skills to estimate construction costs, from small renovations to estimating
the cost of new projects worth millions of dollars. Before the construction begin, they will do
preparation of feasibility study, estimate to define project budgets and also do preparation of
bills quantities to assist in the tender process. During the construction process, they do
assessment of the contractor’s progress claims and assessment of variation and delay claims.
They also worked on monthly forecasting and cost reporting and monthly payments for works
carried out. When the construction process end, they determine the final cost of a project and
prepare tax depreciation reports for investors and property owners.

Nowadays, surveyors and can monitor progress from the office without having to travel to
remote construction sites. This solution is very time-saving. Employees can use smartphones
to communicate with each other and update progress. How to send digital images for
verification and verification. Special applications can also help plan and manage work and
report it to headquarters. Greatly improve productivity. The software is mostly cloud-based,
and everyone can access the data in real time. It is estimated that this solution can save
hundreds of hours each year. Plus: With instant Internet access, surveyors can update cost
plans from their client’s office and create BOQs on site. This not only speeds up the calculation
process, but also makes the final model more accurate.

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CONCLUSION

The role contribution of construction industry in has a lot to this world especially for the
developed countries. There are contributions of the construction industry in economic growth
in terms employment, foreign investment, tourism and the growth of the other industry. The
construction industry also faced many challenges when pandemic covid-19 strikes the world
and the government impose movement control order. Then, in this construction industry, there
many ways to execute a construction project such as traditional, design and build and
management procurement. In this construction industry, there many roles of profession such
as architect, civil engineers, project managers and quantity surveyor. Construction industry
will be evolved in the future with the technologies that we are having so this industry will
become simpler.

14
References

References
Kwabena Asomanin Anaman, C. O.-A. (2017). HOW THE GROWTH OF THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CAN HELP ACCELERATE ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT. Ghanaian Times, 1-7.

Madhav. (2019, march 18). A Short Story of Civil Engeneering. Retrieved from CivilShastra:
https://civilshastra.com/2019/03/18/a-short-history-of-civil-engineering/

Reza Ali Khan, M. S. (2014). Malaysian Construction Sector and Malaysia Vision 2020:
Developed Nation Status. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 507-513.

Top 6 Challenges Malaysian Contractors Will Face After MCO. (2021, February 16). Retrieved
from SpeedBrick: https://www.speedbrick.com/top-6-challenges-malaysian-
contractors-will-face-after-mco/

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