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Presentation Outline
I. Plant Layout
II. Asset management
III. Monitoring and Reporting
IV. Operator Health and safety
V. Staffing and human resources
VI. Site security
Plant layout
Process flow and hydraulic profile
Plant layout and process description
Plant layout of the Baliwag, Philippines Provides workers with
septage treatment facility. The diagram information on each step in
shows: the treatment train.
• Automated septage receiving station Includes
• Maceration and primary screening ‐ Written description
• Thickening and dewatering ‐ Operating requirements
• Biological treatment using the SBR ‐ Technical specifications
technology
• Disinfection Useful for orienting new
• Storage of the treated effluent for reuse workers and as a reference
activities guide for seasoned staff.
Hydraulic profile
100.5 100.5
100.25 berm 100.25
100 grade 100
99.75 99.75
99.5 99.5
99.25 99.25
99 99
berm 98.75 Reactor tank outlet 98.5 98.75
98.5 98.5
Sand filter inlet 98.25 98.25 98.25
98
97.75
97.5
ABR Inlet 97 97.25
97
Outlet 96.75 Sand filter outlet 97.25 96.75
96.5
Wetlands 96.25
96
95.75
95.5
95.25
95
The Hydraulic profile helps with the
visualization of the flow pattern
within the plant from one
component to the next. It is useful
for contractors during the layout and
construction phase to ensure proper
depths of tank holes, and can be
useful in troubleshooting operational
problems.
Lime stabilization septage treatment plant, Tacloban City Philippines.
Asset management
Operations and maintenance planning, routine and
emergency repairs, financing for replacement equipment.
Asset management
Infrastructure asset management is the combination of management, financial,
economic, engineering, and other practices applied to physical assets with the
objective of providing the required level of service in the most cost‐effective
manner. It includes the management of the entire lifecycle of physical and
infrastructure assets including:
‐ Design Maximizes long term
‐ Construction effectiveness of the
‐ Commissioning
treatment plant at the
‐ Operating and maintaining
‐ Repairing, modifying, replacing lowest possible cost.
‐ Decommissioning/disposal.
Asset management considers: Operators maintain records of each asset (piece
• Asset Inventory of equipment) and determines what tasks will be
• Level of Service need to operate and maintain the equipment
• Critical Assets cost effectively. Consideration of the life of the
• Life Cycle Costing equipment is made as well as a plan for replacing
• Long term funding strategy critical equipment before its useful life is over.
Asset management for critical equipment
Plan (start here) Acquire
‐ Cost/benefit analysis ‐ Sustainable financing
‐ Select equipment ‐ Bids and awards
‐ Design specifications ‐ Receive, inspect and
‐ Plan for emergency approve
operations if unit fails.
Update
plan based Deploy
on lessons ‐ Installation
learned ‐ Start up
‐ Commission
‐ Test and certify
Replace
‐ Spare parts on hand
‐ Financing available for Example of process
repairs or replacement critical unit – screw press
‐ Trained staff on for Baliwag system Manage
installation of
‐ Routine and preventative
replacement
maintenance
equipment
‐ Staff training
‐ Emergency repairs as needed
Equipment warrantee and special requirements
Some septage
treatment equipment
may be highly
specialized and
expensive. Make sure
to follow all
manufacturer’s
recommendations to
meet all warrantee
requirements. Spare
parts and replacement
financing should be in
place if critical
mechanized equipment
is utilized.
This is an image of a screw press in use at Manila Water’s South Septage Treatment
Plant. It requires infrequent but critical maintenance as well as cleaning and
lubrication. Not shown is the polymer tank (helps increase dewatering) and the
chemical feed equipment. Procedures for servicing the equipment and mixing the
polymer are detailed in the plan O&M manual.
Equipment warrantee and special requirements
This is a multimedia filter used at
Manila Water’s South Septage
Treatment plant. It has an
automatic backwash cycle that is
controlled by electrical solenoid
valves. Valves and mechanisms
require routine cleaning and
adjustment. Operators also must
check the media and replenish as
needed.
Pressure gauges are provided so
that the operator can determine
when the media is getting plugged.
Good operators record pressure
readings in the log book so they can
be used as reference points that
indicate when service is required.
Operations
Regular, scheduled and proactive tasks that keep the system
running as designed.
Operation and Maintenance Plan
A written document that
workers can refer to that
includes:
• Plant layout and process
description
• Preventative
maintenance and asset
management
• Routine scheduled tasks
• Staffing and job
Primary goal: To assure long term descriptions
functionality of the treatment system
• Emergency operations
while avoiding and mitigating the
consequences of system breakdown or procedures
failure. • Monitoring & evaluation
Receiving The manifest form is a
written record of the
fecal sludge delivery. It
tracks the waste from the
origin to the treatment
plant requiring a
signature from the
homeowner or
regulatory official at the
source. It specifies:
‐ Source location
‐ Type of waste
‐ Volume
‐ Information related to
the desludger
Operators at the plant should review the form carefully before accepting the load. They
can spot check by drawing a sample and checking for excess grease, color and odors
indicating chemical contamination.
Receiving Automated septage
receiving station
Records:
‐ Driver/operator
‐ Date and time of
discharge
‐ Volume of waste
discharged
‐ Source of waste.
Driver uses unique
identifier code and enters
data through a key pad
interface.
Automated receiving stations simplify paperwork and help ensure accuracy of the data
collected.
Recordkeeping
The operators’ log book is a permanent record of all activities at the
plant. It contains summaries of the daily receiving and operations
records, visitors, deliveries and incidents. Use a bound logbook with
sequentially numbered pages. It is considered a legal record and must
be kept for a minimum of 5 years.
Routine tasks
Lime mixing station in Tacloban
City, Philippines. For this
septage treatment system, they
use the lime stabilization
process. For each batch of
septage to treat, operators
weigh and mix hydrated lime
into a slurry and mix it into the
septage using paddles. It is
then thoroughly mixed using
coarse bubble aeration
equipment.
Hydrated lime is an irritant and must be
handled appropriately. For this task, workers
should wear:
‐ Rubber gloves
‐ Long sleeve protective shirts
‐ Eye protection
‐ Dust mask
Routine tasks
Lime stabilization works by raising the
pH of the septage through the addition
of hydrated lime. pH 12 is maintained
for between 30 minutes and 2 hours
depending upon the end use of the
biosolids.
Keeping track of the pH is a necessary
operational requirement. This is done
through a hand held pH meter.
Workers use standard pH solutions to
periodically calibrate the pH meter. Proper
care of the meter is required and is another
routine task for the operators. They:
‐ Clean the meter after each use
‐ Remove the batteries when not in use
‐ Replace the sensor bulb when needed
Routine tasks
The image shows a septage receiving station with primary screen and grit
chamber. Routine maintenance includes cleaning the screens and
removing the accumulated grit.
Screenings should be collected and stored in covered containers and
disposed as solid waste. Grit should be sent to the drying beds where it
can be dewatered, dried and landfilled.
Routine maintenance
Screening system and grit chamber for The same screening system, full of sludge and
septage management plant when newly neglected. When maintenance is performed
constructed. routinely, it is simplified.
Routine tasks
Biosolid management may
be the biggest expense and
most time consuming task.
When sand drying beds are
used, operators must:
‐ Properly load the beds in
10 cm – 20 cm lifts
‐ Monitor % moisture (often
done by visual
assessment)
‐ Remove biosolids when
dry enough to shovel
(usually about 2‐3 weeks
in tropical climates)
‐ Provide secondary
treatment such as
compositing or stockpiling
‐ Rake the sand and replace
when depleted or clogged.
Routine tasks
Constructed wetlands used for effluent treatment at the Dumaguete
City Septage Treatment plant. Routine maintenance includes removing
the dead leaves, and periodically flushing out the solids by raising the
water level at the outlet structure.
Worksheets and toolkits
Worksheets and toolkits help
operators verify initial design
parameters. This is useful
when troubleshooting
operational problems as the
operator can verify if current
loading meets or exceeds
design parameters.
There are a variety of toolkits
and worksheets specific to
septage treatment facilities.
Check the website listed
below for some popular
examples.
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/wastewater‐worksheets‐and‐spreadsheets‐operators
Monitoring
Sampling, testing, evaluating and reporting
Y N
There is a written sampling plan
The number of samples, the analytical tests, and the sampling locations have been
identified in the plan.
The laboratory that will do the analysis has been contacted, procedures have been
reviewed, and services have been scheduled.
All sampling bottles, sample preservatives, labels, ice chests, and Chain of Custody
forms have been received.
The person(s) who will conduct the sampling has been trained in proper
procedures.
Health and safety training, as well as the required personal protective equipment,
has been provided.
Access to the sampling locations is open and unrestricted.
Transport of the samples to the laboratory has been arranged and will be done
within the required hold times.
The laboratory is licensed to conduct the required work and that they have a QA/QC
plan.
Monitoring
Management may hire a
contract laboratory for
sampling and analysis or
perform this duty in house if
properly equipped and
staffed.
This image shows the field
preservation of an effluent
sample that will be tested for
chemical oxygen demand
(COD).
In this case, 2 ml of sulfuric
acid is added per liter of
sample to retard the growth
of microorganisms. Sulfuric
acid is hazardous. Gloves
and (unlike this technician)
eye protection is required
and should always be worn.
Monitoring
Sludge Volume Index test being run at Manila Water’s South
Septage Treatment Plant, as a means of monitoring the activated
sludge process in use.
HiAdvance Philippines
3rd Floor Maga Centre
CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY / Analytical Request Document
San Antonio St. Paseo de Magallanes The Chain-of-Custody is a LEGAL DOCUMENT. All relevant fields must be completed accurately.
Makati City, 1232
Phone No. (632) 854-8365
Fax No. (632) 729-4327
Y/ N
SAMPLE TEMP AT COLLECTION
R e quire d Client Info rmatio n M A TRIX CODE
# OF CONTAINERS
DRINKING WATER DW
Analysis Test
WASTE WATER WW
PRODUCT P COMPOSITE COMPOSITE
START END/GRAB
SOIL/SOLID SL
SAMPLE ID OIL
WIPE
OL
WP
Unpreserved
(A-Z, 0-9 / ,-) AIR AR
Sample IDs MUST BE UNIQUE
Methanol
OTHER OT
Na2 S 2 O 3
TISSUE TS
H2 SO 4
ITEM #
NaOH
HNO 3
Other
HCI
DATE TIME DATE TIME HiAdvance Project
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS RELINQUISHED BY / AFFILIATION DATE TIME ACCEPTED BY / AFFILIATION DATE TIME SAMPLE CONDITIO
Temp in °C
M P -SP L-013-F01 SAMPLER NAME AND SIGNATURE
Received
Custody
Sealed
Cooler
on Ice
(Y/N)
(Y/N)
Rev. 1; 01Jun 2013 PRINT Nam e of SAMPLER:
DATE Signed
SIGNATURE of SAMPLER:
(MM/DD/YY):
Worksheets and toolkits
Worksheets and toolkits help
operators verify initial design
parameters. This is useful
when troubleshooting
operational problems as the
operator can verify if current
loading meets or exceeds
design parameters.
There are a variety of toolkits
and worksheets specific to
septage treatment facilities.
Check the website listed
below for some popular
examples.
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/wastewater‐worksheets‐and‐spreadsheets‐operators
Operator health & safety
Personal protective equipment, immunizations, safety
practices.
Operator Health and Safety
No Smoking sign at
Dumaguete City septage
treatment plant. Smoking
is always prohibited at
septage plants as:
‐ Hand to mouth contact
can transmit disease
‐ Some flammable
chemicals may be in
use
‐ Methane may
accumulate in low
areas or tanks that may
be in use
Well operated septage treatment facilities take operator health and safety seriously.
Not only is it the right thing to do, it saves money as well. Lost time due to injury or
illness increases operations costs and decreases program efficiency.
Personal protective equipment
Eye protection –
goggles for splash
protection
Face mask
Splash proof clothing
Rubber gloves
Rubber boots
No hard hat? Should
be required.
Immunizations, health and safety
Health and Safety Plan
Septage is infectious material.
Each plant should have a
written health and safety plan
with training for all personnel.
The plan should include
information on:
‐ Hand washing stations
located throughout the
facility
‐ Emergency showers and eye
wash stations
‐ Emergency equipment such
as buoys with rope for
Septage workers should be immunized for: lagoon systems
‐ Tetanus ‐ Personal protective
‐ Hepatitis A equipment
‐ Hepatitis B ‐ First aid equipment
‐ Diphtheria ‐ Emergency contact numbers
Electrical safety Lock‐Out Tag‐Out Electrical Safety program
‐ Breakers for the equipment to be
serviced are turned off and locked in the
off position
‐ A tag is affixed to the breaker indicating
it is turned off for service
‐ The tag is dated and signed by the
mechanic
‐ Only the mechanic who signs to tag may
remove it
Electrical safety must be taken
seriously by senior management.
Often high voltage equipment is
utilized which can be deadly. Only
trained and authorized electricians
should be allowed to work on
electrical equipment.
Confined space entry permit program
All confined spaces should be
identified at the plant. Any time
a worker needs to enter the
confined space, a permit from
the senior operator is required.
The permit:
‐ Is entered into the operators
log book
‐ The time and date the work
will begin is noted
‐ A minimum of two people are
required to work together for
safety
‐ Personal protective
equipment is utilized
Workers may never enter a confined space unless: i) it is absolutely necessary, ii) they are
working with a buddy who can assist in case of an emergency (the buddy assists from
outside the confined space), iii) they wear a safety harness and other personal protective
equipment, iv) they check the atmosphere first, and v) inform senior management through
a permit.
Staffing and human
resources
Organizational chart, job descriptions, roles and
responsibilities.
Organizational chart
This is a typical org chart for a public utility for a city or municipality. It is useful to
describe the lines of communication and inform employees where they fit in the overall
organization.
Job descriptions Job descriptions:
Prepare a written description
of each job at the plant.
Include:
‐ Job title
‐ Examples of typical duties
‐ Minimum qualifications
‐ Knowledge required
‐ Abilities
‐ Reporting structure
Job descriptions inform the
employee about their specific
role in the organization and
what is expected of them. New
employees sign the job
description as a condition of
employment verifying that they
understand their role and
responsibilities
Security
Septage treatment facilities as critical infrastructure
Security
Physical security measures for
septage treatment plants may
include:
• Barriers, fencing and gates
• Security lighting
• Re‐keying doors and locks
• Motion detectors, alarms
or cameras
• Smoke and chemical
detection systems
• Emergency back‐up
Septage treatment plants may be considered generators
an attractive nuisance. Fencing helps keep • Locking manhole covers in
trespassers out and to keep workers safe. critical areas
Additional security measures as mentioned • Secured lift stations
are in place to keep facilities operational • Personal safety equipment
during adverse conditions. • Computer firewalls