INDONESIA POLICY AND

IMPLEMENTATION
ON PEATLAND PROTECTION AND
MANAGEMENT

SPM BUDISUSANTI
DIRECTOR FOR PEATLAND DEGRADATION CONTROL
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY
APRIL, 2018
• Indonesia has Peatlands 4th largest in the world after Canada, Rusia
and the United States,
• The largest tropical peatland in the world,
• Indonesia storing carbon Peat reserves reach 46 gigatons, or about 8-
14% of the carbon contained in peat world.
• Forestry,
• Flood control and water supply,
• Fire risk control,
• Eco-tourism,
• The livelihoods of local communities
(fisheries, agriculture, plantation),
• Climate stability,
• Biodiversity,
• Education and research.
 DRY PEAT LAND and GHG
FOREST FIRE EMISSION
DRAINAGE
(Poor Water
Management)

SUBSIDENCE LAND
FLOODS
(Land and Water DEPRESSION
Table)
 MOEF Regulation
MOA Regulation No. 14/2009 P.14_2017
UU No. 26/2007 Guidelines for the Utilization of Peat Land for
Procedures for Inventory &
PP No. 47 / 1997 SPATIAL PLANNING Oil Palm Cultivation
Determination of Peat
National Spatial Planning (RTRWN) PP No. 71 Th. 2014 Ecosystem Functions
Protection and Management of
PP No. 26/2008 Peat Ecosystems
National Spatial Planning P.15_2017
(RTRWN) Inpres No. 10 / 2011 Procedure of Water Table
Keppres No. 32 / 1990 National Strategy Indicative Map for Delays on PP No. 57 / 2016 Measurement at Peat
Management of Konservation Area Peatlands Management Granting New Permits Ecosystems Compliance Point
Change over PP No. 71 / 2014

P.16_2017
Technical Guidelines for
Restoration of Peat
1990 1992 1997 2000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 Ecosystem Functions

PP No. 150 / 2000
Control of Soil Degraded for
Biomass Production
UU No. 24 / 1992
SPATIAL PLANNING
Revitalization of Peatland Development
P.17_2017
Change over P.12_2015 related
Development of Industrial
Plantation Forest
Inpres No. 8 / 2015
Indicative Map for Delays on Granting
New Permits (PIPIB) SK.129_2017
UU No. 32 / 2009 Determination of Peat
Environmental Protection and Hydrological Unity Map
Management
Inpres No. 2 / 2007
Inpres No. 6 / 2013 SK.130_2017
Acceleration of Rehabilitation and
Indicative Map for Delays on Determination Function of Peat
Zone in Central Kalimantan Granting New Permits (PIPIB) Ecosystem Map

SINCE 1990 ……………………………………………………………….…………………………. 2017

 PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION STANDARD CRITERIA

1) Peat Land Ecosystem Degradation could be happened in :

a. Peat land ecosystems with protection functions; or
b. Peat land ecosystems with cultivation function.
2) The Standard Criteria for peat land ecosystem with protection damage are:
a. The existence of Artificial Drainage;
b. Exposed of pyrite and / or quartz sediments under the Peat layer;
c. Reduction of Area and/or Volume reduction of land cover.
3) The Standard Criteria for Peatland Ecosystem with cultivation function:
a. The groundwater level > 0.4 meters; and
b. Exposed of pyrite and / or quartz sediments under the Peat layer.

(Article 23 Gov. Regulation No. 23 /2014 jo. Gov. Reg No. 57/2016

6
 PEAT HYDROLOGICAL UNITY AND PEAT ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
FOREST AREA
Non Concession/
Perijinan
Central Goverment
(MOEF)
Duty:
1. Conduct an inventory and
mapping of Peat Ecosystem
Characteristics (13 Parameters)
in the priority of PHU, in
accordance with P.14/2017;
2. Set up and declaired of Peat
ecosystem function (scale 1:
50,000);
3. Set up the Document of Peat
Ecosystem Protection and
Management Plan (RPPEG) at
Nasional level.
NON FOREST AREA (OTHER USE)
Concession/ Permit Area Concession/ Permit Area Non Konsesi/Perijinan
(IUPHHK-HTI) (HGU/Oil Palm Plantation)
Cross Province Cross Distric/City
Boundary Distric/City Boundary
Boundary
Concession Holder Concession Holder (HGU/Oil Central Goverment Provincial Distric/City
(IUPHHK-HTI) Palm Plantation) (MOEF dan BRG) Goverment Goverment
“Sharing Roles”
Liability Companies: Duty: Liability Provincial and
1. Conduct an inventory and mapping of Peat Ecosystem 1. Conduct an inventory and Distric/City Goverment:
Characteristics (13 Parameters) at the concession areas mapping of Peat Ecosystem 1. Conduct an inventory and
(scale 1: 50,000), in accordance with P.14/2017; Characteristics (13 mapping of Peat Ecosystem
2. Measuring water table at compliance points on peatland, Parameters) in the priority Characteristics (13
and water table on canals; of PHU, in accordance with Parameters) in the region, in
3. Apply for Water Table at Compliance Point on peatland, P.14/2017; accordance with P.14/2017;
in accordance with P.15/2017; 2. Set up and declaired of 2. Set up a map of Peat
4. Report regularly of Water Table at Compliance Point Peat ecosystem function Ecosystem function at
monitoring results (every 2 weeks); (scale 1: 50,000); Provincial and District/City
5. Revise the Business Work Plan (RKU) and set up the 3. Set up the Document of level;
Document of Peat Ecosystem Restoration Plan, in Peat Ecosystem Protection 3. Set up the Document of Peat
accordance with P.16/2017; and Management Plan Ecosystem Protection and
6. Apply for environmental permit changes and comply with (RPPEG) at Nasional level. Management Plan (RPPEG) at
all applicable laws and regulations. Provincial and District/City
level.
 DETERMINATION of PHU
1
GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 71/2014 JUNCTO

and PEAT ECOSYSTEM

(PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PEAT 1. Scope : Planning, Utilization, FUNCTION (Conservation RPPEG
GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 57/2016

Controlling, Maintenance, & Cultivation)

Supervision and
Administrative Sanctions [MOEF Regulation No.
WATER TABEL
2 MEASUREMENT
P.15/MENLHK/SETJEN/
KUM.1/2/2017]

Corporate/
ECOSYSTEMS)

Community Land
2. Determination of Peat
Ecosystem Function
3 PEAT DEGRADATION
RESTORATION
3. Peat Ecosystem Protection [MOEF Regulation No.
and Management Plan INVENTORY P.16/MENLHK/SETJEN/
KUM.1/2/2017]

[MOEF Regulation No.

P.14/MENLHK/SETJEN/
4. The Standard Criteria for KUM.1/2/2017]
Degraded Peat Ecosystems
Community Concession Areas
Land (No Permit) (Permit)
5. Restrictions on the Utilization
of Peat Ecosystems
 MOEF Decree No.
SK.129/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017
Concerning
DETERMINATION OF NATIONAL PEAT
HYDROLOGICAL UNITY MAP

Sumatera : 207 PHU, Sulawesi : 3 PHU, Total :

Kalimantan : 190 PHU, Papua : 465 PHU, 865 PHU

Sumatera : 207 PHU, Sulawesi : 3 PHU, Total :

Kalimantan : 190 PHU, Papua : 465 PHU, 865 PHU

MOEF Decree No.

SK.129/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017
Concerning
13
DETERMINATION OF NATIONAL INDICATIVE MAP
OF PEAT ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY DECREE
NO: P.14/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017
REGARDING ON
PROCEDURES FOR THE INVENTORY AND DESIGNATION OF
FUNCTIONS OF PEAT ECOSYSTEM

Procedures for inventory and designation of peat land ecosystem function, covers:
a. inventory and designation of the final map of Peat Hydrological Unities;
b. Designation of the functions of Peat Ecosystems; and 10

c. Changes in the Designation of the functions of Peat Ecosystems.

(FL: 67,6 %)
(FL: 37,8 %)
 8 PHU, consisting of
(FL: 66,3 %)
2015
 5 PHU, consisting of 4
 Total coverage :
PHU in Riau and 1 PHU in
West Kalimantan.
 Total coverage :
1.088.991 Ha, consisting
of 58,2 % as Conservation
Function, and 41,8 % ad
Cultivation Function.
2019
2018  Planning:
285 PHU, consisting of 32
 Planning:
2017 12 PHU, consisting of
PHU in Aceh, 19 PHU in North
Sumatera, 9 PHU in West
 4 PHU, consisting of 2 PHU in Aceh, 2 PHU Sumatera, 9 PHU in South
1 PHU in Aceh, 2 in North Sumatera, 1 Sumatera, 33 PHU in Riau, 5
2016 PHU in North
Sumatera, and 1 PHU
PHU in West
Sumatera, 1 PHU in
PHU in Lampung, 3 PHU in
Bengkulu, 3 PHU in Jambi, 17
in West Sumatera. South Sumatera, 2 PHU in Bangka-Belitung
2 PHU in Aceh, 2 PHU PHU in Riau, 3 PHU in Islands, 5 PHU in Riau
in North Sumatera, 2  Total coverage : West Kalimantan, and Islands, 104 PHU in West
PHU in West 14.113 Ha, 1 PHU in Central Kalimantan, 14 PHU in
Sumatera, and 2 PHU
in East Kalimantan.
consisting of 4,0 %
as Conservation
Kalimantan. Central Kalimantan, 14 PHU
in East Kalimantan, 13 PHU
Function, and 96,0  Total coverage :
in North Kalimantan, 2 PHU
% ad Cultivation 227.199 Ha. in West Sulawesi, and 3 PHU
178.506 Ha, Function in Central Sulawesi.
consisting of 49,0 %
as Conservation  Total coverage :
Function, and 51,0 % 4.352.697 Ha
ad Cultivation
Function
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY DECREE
NO: P.15/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017
REGARDING ON
PROCEDURE OF WATER TABLE MEASUREMENT
AT PEAT ECOSYSTEMS COMPLIANCE POINT

PURPOSES:
Improving water governance in peatland ecosystem in achieving of Peatland
Protection and Management. 12
 COMPLIANCE POINT DETERMINATION

- Characteristic
Observation Points at
Ecosystems
- Groundwater Level
Monitoring points
Determined by
Director General

The Ground water

- Topography and land level measurement
Compliance Point: shall be conducted by:
characteristic
- 15% of the total - Entities (business
- Water Governance production blocks unit)
Zone Forest Management
- Canal/ Water - As reference for
permit adjustment Unit (KPH)
Infrastructure -

- Characteristic
Observation Points
at Ecosystems 13
- Monitoring Point
 RESULT OF ANALYSIS ON THE GROUND WATER LEVEL
MEASUREMENT SHALL BE USED AS REFERENCE:
(ARTICLE 10 OF P.15/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017)

• In issuing an order to establish peatland recovery to

entities or business unit.
• For Compliance Inspection;
• In evaluating the functions of the Peat Ecosystem.

14
 Rehabilitation of Peat Ecosystem function is declared successful when :
a. Not exposure to pyrite and/or quartz sediments under the Peat layer at the point of compliance;
b. Water Table level in peatlands less than 0.4 (zero point four) meters below the surface of Peat at the point of
compliance;
c. Better than the standard criteria for Degraded to the Peat Ecosystem specified in the Environmental Permit;
d. Better than the Degraded standard of spatial analysis results from field survey activities or data analysis and
information scale 1: 250,000 (one in two hundred fifty thousand) or the results of monitoring of the point of
compliance; and/or
e. The number of plants growing at least healthy 500 (five hundred) stems/hectares in the
third year.
 Water Management and Rewetting Infrastructure System for Rehabilitation peat ecosystem bust
be build on 6 (six) months first.
 Improvements Water Table level to reach less than 0.4 (zero point four) meters below the
surface of peat should look deep repair 3 (three) months counted since the construction
of rewetting infrastructures.
 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY DECREE
NO: P.16/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017
REGARDING ON
TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE RESTORATION OF PEAT
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS

PURPOSES:
Provide guideline for stakeholders in implementing peatland ecosystem recovery
and restoration
16
 • There is artificial drainage;

CONSERVATION • The exposure of Pyrite (Fe2S)

Sediments
FUNCTION
• There is a reduction in
coverage/volume of land cover

• Water Table >0,4 metre at Peat

Ecosystems Compliance Point
CULTIVATION • The exposure of Pyrite (Fe2S)
FUNCTION Sediments
• Beyond the Standard Criteria
for Degraded Peat Ecosystem
 HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONS :
 Canal Blocking
RESTORATION  Canal Backfilling
 Water Pumping
 Drilling Wells

VEGETATION : THE CONCEPT AUTONOMY :

 Natural Succession
REHABILITATION
OF PEAT  Agriculture
REVITALIZATION  Fishery
 Silviculture ECOSYSTEM  Livestock
 Paludiculture RECOVERY  Non timber forest
 Agroforestry product, etc.
 Revegetation

ARRANGEMENT :
LAW & ORDER  Institutional
 Incentives-disincentives

 Law enforcement
 Canal Blocking
• Application of peat restoration techniques
that include water management on site
level (operational scale);
• Construction, operation, dan maintenance
works, including the arrangement of canal
blocking installation (rewetting infrastructure); Canal Blocking

• Application of cultivation according to local Water Reservoir

wisdom, and/or
• Restoration, carried out with consideration Water Pumping
of research and development, taking into
account and adhering to the development of
science and international perspectives. Canal Backfilling Charging water
with water pump
 Paddy Field
(Surjan Pattern)

• Revegetation or Replanting at the

areas of : Paddy Field on Rawa Lebak

• Former burns,
• Formerly clear-cut plants,
• Open acces with a rare kind of
vegetation,
• Former burns area with a natural
succession,
• Selective formerly cutting.
Example of a mound technique application Tapping rubber plants on peatlands

• Rehabilitation is done by
prioritizing native plan species and
has considered:
• Land suitability,
• Environmental aspects,
• Social aspects, 20

• Economic aspects. Example of surjan pattern application on agroforestry pattern

(vegetables, paddy field, and jelutung)
 Recovery of Peat Ecosystem function is declared successful when :
a. Not exposure to pyrite and/or quartz sediments under the Peat layer at the point of compliance;
b. Water Table level in peatlands less than 0.4 (zero point four) meters below the surface of Peat at the point of compliance;
c. Better than the standard criteria for Degraded to the Peat Ecosystem specified in the Environmental Permit;
d. Better than the Degraded standard of spatial analysis results from field survey activities or data analysis and information scale 1:
250,000 (one in two hundred fifty thousand) or the results of monitoring of the point of compliance; and/or
e. The number of plants growing at least healthy 500 (five hundred) stems/hectares in the third year.
 Water Management and Rewetting Infrastructure System for recovery peat ecosystem bust be build on 6 (six)
months first.
 Improvements Water Table level to reach less than 0.4 (zero point four) meters below the surface of peat should
look deep repair 3 (three) months counted since the construction of rewetting infrastructures
 UTILIZATION OF PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM
1 [COMMUNITY – NON
CONCESSION AREA] 2 CONCESSION HOLDER -
CONSESSION AREA

ENHANCE COMMUNITY ENGANGEMENT:

1. Identify and Recognize the Community 22
2. Identify location and culture/behavior/believe
3. Establish the recovery and utilization design and pilot project
KNOW THE LOCATION ….. COMMUNITY CONDITIONS IN VARIOUS
KNOW THE COMMUNITY ….. PEAT ECOSYSTEMS LOCATION
 GELAM WOOD

ALOE VERA GRASS OF PURUN

TERENTANG WOOD
JELUTUNG TREE

PINEAPPLE
COCONUT KOPI LIBERIKA/EXCELSA DRAGON FRUIT GRASS OF PURUN
 DESIGN FOR COMMUNITY BASE PEATLAND
ECOSYSTEM RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION OF

7 PEATLAND WITH CONSERVATION FUNGTION

6 KOLAM IKAN
5 WOOD PRODUCT
4 NON WOOD PRODUCT
3 AGROFORESTRI & LIVESTOCK
2 CULTIVATION
1 FRUIT &
VEGETA
RUMAH BLES

25

PRODUCT DEVERSIFICATION AND

MARKET DEVELOMENT
Peat Ecosystem  MOEF appointed The University,
Restoration involves:  Recruitment of Facilitators by University,
1. Universities;  Training of Trainer (TOT) for Facilitators and University by MOEF,
2. Facilitators; and  Facilitator facilitates the preparation of IMAS, SK-TKPPEG, RKM Documents,
3. Society  Communities are involved in the construction of canal blocking,
 MOEF performs hand-over of canal blocking to Local Government.

OUTPUT 2015 2016 2017 TOTAL ∑ TOTAL

Problem Identification Documents (IMAS) - 12 12 24 FACILITATORS
68 PERSON
SK Team Works of Peat Ecosystem - 12 12 24
SPREADING IN 6
Protection and Management (TK-PPEG) – PROVINCE, 19
SK by Head of Village DISTRIC, 29
Community Work Plan Documents (RKM) - 12 12 24 VILLAGE, AND 18
CO-PARTNERS
Canal Blocking (created by MOEF with 5 models (Riau, 76 (Aceh, Riau, 94 (Aceh, 175
FROM 6
APBN) Kalbar, Kalteng) Jambi, Kalbar, Sumut, Kaltim) (2.450 Ha)
UNIVERSITIES
Kaltim)
Content of Rehabilitation of Peat
Industrial Forest Plantation Oil Palm Plantation Total
Ecosystem Documents:
1. Determination of Water Table  company 45 80 125
Compliance Point (Manual and
Automatic/Data Logger), Area of peatland recovery 1.785.087 ha 652.295,27 ha 2.437.382 ha
2. Determination of Rainfall Monitoring (in 115 PHU) (in 74 PHU)
Station, Water Table Compliance Point 3.943 units 3.115 units 7.058 units
3. Construction of Canal Blocking (with (WTCP)
or without spillway),
Data logger 397 units 279 units 676 units
4. Construction of Water Gate and
Reservoir, Rainfall station 169 units 244 units
5. Rehabilitation through replanting with Canal blocking 3.943 units 1.037 units 4.980 units
endemic plant species (indigenous (2017-2026) (2017-2026)
species),
6. Natural succession. Rehabilitation of vegetation 21.286 ha - 21.286 ha
Natural succession 518.418 ha - 518.418 ha
 DISTRIBUTION OF 7.058 WATER TABLE COMPLIANCE POINT (WTCP) –
WATER LEVEL MONITORING POINT IN PEATLAND

ONLINE
REPORTING
SYSTEM

RED DOT = DATA LOGGER

BLUE DOT = MANUAL
REAL TIME MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PEATLAND WATER LEVEL

internet

REAL TIME FIELD DATA CAN BE

MONITORED AT ANYTIME
 REAL TIME
MONITORING
SYSTEM FOR
WATER LEVEL IN
PEATLAND
ECOSYSTEM
 REAL TIME
MONITORING
SYSTEM FOR
WATER LEVEL IN
PEATLAND
ECOSYSTEM
 REAL TIME
MONITORING
SYSTEM FOR
LAND AND
FOREST FIRE
1. Indonesia has developed legislation in the field of protection and management of the Peat Ecosystem as well as technical guidance,
capacity building, information and publication system on the recovery of peat ecosystems.
2. Based on Local Government and Community Facilitation Activities for Community Base Peat Ecosystem Restoration, The Ministry of
Environment and Forest has encouraged community in Aceh, South Sumatera, Riau, Jambi, West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan to
involve in peat ecosystem restoration with detail activities : 175 (2.450 Ha), 24 Problem Identification Documents (IMAS), 24 Community
Work Plan Documents (RKM), 24 SK Team Works of Peat Ecosystem Protection and Management (TK-PPEG) – SK by Head of Village.
3. Based on data from the Document of the Peat Ecosystem Restoration Plan (both from Industrial Plantation Forest and Oil Palm Plantation,
Total of 111 companies), Indonesia has restored the Peat Ecosystem of 2.437.382 hectares, which is divided into 1.785.087 hectares in
Industrial Plantation Forest and 652.295 hectares in Oil Palm Plantation.
4. Indonesia has installed the real time monitoring system for:
a) Water level in peatland ecosystem, and
b) Forest fire and hotspot, including the stations for information blasters.
5. Peatland Conservation and Management involves multiple knowledge, up to date method and technology  The research centre for
peatland management is indeed essential.
 LETS WORK TOGETHER FOR
MAKING A BETTER AND FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT
IN THE WORLD