GAPPED TEXT

Exercise 1:
You are going to read a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract.
Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. 
A  Russell and his wife had lived for several years in the picturesque village of Lymm where the
crumbling xập xệ vỡ vụn130-year old tower stood. The grade II listed building was one of
several hundred surviving water towers which were built in the 1800s to improve public health
across Britain. This particular tower was currently being used by three mobile phone companies
to anchor their telephone masts. Russell regularly walked along the footpath beside the tower,
and when it went up for auction in 1997, he impulsively put in a bid for £138,000.

B  But finally it all paid off nhận lại đc kqua xứng đáng. The end result is both contemporary and
luxurious. The original tower houses a ‘winter' living room on the ground floor. Above it is a
master bedroom with an en suite bathroom on a mezzanine. Above that, there is an office, guest
room and a room for the telecom equipment. Atop it all is a roof garden with views stretching as
far as Manchester and Liverpool.

C  Work finally began when planning permission was granted in 2002. But before the new
structure could be built, substantial work had to be done to the existing tower. The stonework
công trình bằng đá was cracked and the turret tháp nhỏ was damaged. Two skilled stonemasons
worked for six months on its restoration. It was then sandblasted, the water tank was removed,
and huge steel frames were put into place to support the new floors. Only then could foundations
be laid for the extension.

D  Over 60 companies were involved in the construction, and Russell gave up work to act as
project manager. There were problems at almost every stage. If something could go wrong, it
inevitably would spirits plummeted suy giảm and costs spiralled tăng theo hình xoắn ốc, and
Russell and Jannette could do little but look on as their savings dwindled.

E  Russell and Jannette had just finished renovating a 1920s farmhouse nearby. This was done in
a much more traditional style. By the time they'd finished with it, the once-roofless property had
the typical Aga, log-burning stove, rugs, country pine furniture, dried flowers and knick-knacks.
Chintzy in comparison to the modernist design they attached to the water tower. Since the work
on the tower, they have become a real converts to minimalism.

F  Colour is added to this stark interior by the creative use of lighting, which was designed by
Kate Wilkins, responsible for the lighting scheme at the Tate Modern Art Gallery. The lighting is
subtle, mostly made up of simply concealed fluorescent strips or cold-cathode tubes. The
innovative approach to lighting design won them the prestigious Lighting Design Award.

G  Fate, however, had other ideas. Russell and Jannette had to battle town planners and local
opposition to get their dream on the road. Five years along, work still hadn't started and the
couple were losing heart. All this changed, however, when they met the architect Julian Baker,
who drew up plans for a contemporary design blending old and new. His inspirational ideas gave
them the impetus they needed to kick-start their project.
Lose heart mất niềm tin nhiệt huyết

Renovating the Lymm Water Tower

After eight years of grit and determination, Russell and Jannette Harris have succeeded in
transforming a derelict water tower into a spacious family home, and in doing so, won the 2005
Homebuilding and renovation awards. However, the road to success was relentless k ngừng nghỉ,
as what began as a whim sudden wish idea turned into an insurmountable k thể vượt qua được
challenge, and there were times when they thought they might never move in. 
On a whim k cần suy nghĩ
1. A . 
Finding themselves the owners of the dilapidated đổ nát structure, the couple then had to
decide what to do with it. Their early visions for the project were fairly modest; they
originally considered wrapping the structure in timber cladding and fitting a copper roof,
or keeping the tower as a folly and building a cottage in the grounds. As time progressed,
the couple decided that they could use this opportunity to create something far more
ambitious. 
2 .  G
Julian's masterplan kế hoạch tổng thể involved wrapping a glass-and-steel extension around the
tower, creating living spaces on various levels. Massive windows would give floor-to -ceiling
views of the countryside, strategically placed so that the morning sun would shine into the
kitchen and set on the dining area. The summer lounge, facing due south, would catch the
daytime rays.  
2. C . 
Work also had to be done to hide the unsightly selection of antennae on the roof of the
old tower. These could not be removed, as they were essential part of funding the
conversion. So they were rehoused in an extension to the existing stone turret, concealing
them from sight.
4 .  D
Thankfully, they were able to reclaim something towards these costs from the income generated
by the radio masts cột đài. They also reaped some money by making a television programme
about the project. But with costs soaring to £450,000 and beyond, the family was forced to cut
down on personal spending. They stopped taking family holidays, traded in their car and lived in
cheap rented accommodation. 
5. B . 
The extension meanwhile, which accommodates the main living space, is a tribute to
minimalism. There are no pictures. The house is like a work of art in itself, with its sweeping
views of the countryside. White is the dominant colour, and everywhere there are sleek, curved
lines. Even the light switches and plug sockets ổ cắm điện are discreetly kín đáo k thể thấy đc
hidden.
6. F . 
With a total cost of over £500,000, plus eight years of hard slog cviec nặng ngọc , Russell is
unsure whether he would advise other self-builders to put themselves through the trouble. At
times, he wished he had never bought the tower. But when he sits in the roof-top hot tub with
360 degree views over the countryside, he admits that it was worth the effort. And now that the
Lymm Water Tower has been valued at £1.75m by a local agent, the Harrises can surely feel
satisfied with their achievement.
Exercise 2:

Paragraphs
 A. The recruitment of men to the armed forces during the conflict in Europe from 1914 to
1918 meant there was very little persecution, since gamekeepers went off to fight. As the
number of gamekeepers decreased, the wildcat began to increase its range, recolonising
many of its former haunts. Extinction was narrowly averted. 

B. The wildcat waits for a while in rapt concentration, ears twitching and eyes watching,
seeing everything and hearing everything, trying to detect the tell-tale movement of a vole or
a mouse. But there is nothing, and in another leap he disappears into the gloom.
C. The results, which are expected shortly, will be fascinating. But anyone who has seen a
wildcat will be in little doubt that there is indeed a unique and distinctive animal living in the
Scottish Highlands, whatever his background.
D. They probably used deciduous and coniferous woodland for shelter, particularly in winter,
and hunted over more open areas such as forest edge, open woodland, thickets and scrub,
grassy areas and marsh. The wildcat was probably driven into more mountainous areas by a
combination of deforestation and persecution.
E. As the animals emerge, their curiosity is aroused by every movement and rustle in the
vegetation. Later they will accompany their mother on hunting trips, learning quickly, and
soon become adept hunters themselves.
F. This is what makes many people think that the wildcat is a species in its own right.
Research currently being undertaken by Scottish Natural Heritage is investigating whether
the wildcat really is distinct from its home- living cousin, or whether it is nothing more than a
wild-living form of the domestic cat.
G. It is a typical image most folk have of the beast, but it is very much a false one, for the
wildcat is little more than a bigger version of the domestic cat, and probably shows his anger
as often.

Scottish Wildcat

On my living-room wall I have a painting of a wildcat by John Holmes of which I am extremely

fond. It depicts a snarling, spitting animal, teeth bared and back arched: a taut coiled spring ready
to unleash some unknown fury. 
1)
However, the physical differences are tangible. The wildcat is a much larger animal,
weighing in some cases up to seven kilos, the same as a typical male fox. The coat
pattern is superficially similar to a domestic tabby cat but it is all stripes and no spots.
The tail is thicker and blunter, with three to five black rings. The animal has an altogether
heavier look. 
The Scottish wildcat was originally distinguished as a separate subspecies in 1912, but it
is now generally recognised that there is little difference between the Scottish and other
European populations. According to an excellent report on the wildcat printed in 1991,
the animals originally occurred in a variety of habitats throughout Europe. 
2) 
It was during the nineteenth century, with the establishment of many estates used by
landowners for hunting, that the wildcat became a nuisance and its rapid decline really
began; 198 wildcats were killed in three years in the area of Glengarry, for example.
However, things were later to improve for the species. 
3)   
The future is by no means secure, though, and recent evidence suggests that the wildcat is
particularly vulnerable to local eradication, especially in the remoter parts of northern and
western Scotland. This is a cause for real concern, given that the animals in these areas
have less contact with domestic cats and are therefore purer. 
4)   
Part of the problem stems from the fact that the accepted physical description of the
species originates from the selective nature of the examination process by the British
Natural History Museum at the start of the century, and this has been used as the type-
definition for the animal ever since. Animals that did not conform to that large blunt-
tailed 'tabby' description were discarded as not being wildcats. In other words, an
artificial collection of specimens was built up, exhibiting the features considered typical
of the wildcat.
The current research aims to resolve this potential problem. It is attempting to find out
whether there are any physical features which characterise the so-called wild-living cats. 
5) 
But what of his lifestyle? Wildcat kittens are usually born in May/June in a secluded den,
secreted in a gap amongst boulders. Another favourite location is in the roots of a tree. 
6) 
Rabbits are a favourite prey, and some of the best areas to see wildcats are at rabbit
warrens close to the forest and moorland edge. Mice, small birds and even insects also
form a large part of the diet, and the animal may occasionally take young deer. The
wildcat is one of the Scottish Highlands' most exciting animals. Catch a glimpse of one
and the memory will linger forever.