SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGIENEERING

Ex.no.1 IP ADDERSSING AND SUBNETINGRK Reg no

Date: 11/12/21 URK20CS2099

18CS2003 – COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB

Ex: No. 2 : IP ADDERSSING AND SUBNETING

Aim : To acquire the basic knowledge of IP Addessing and Subneting

Description

IP Address :
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as  that is
connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.An IP
address serves two main functions: network interface identification and location addressing.

Network Address :
A network address is an identifier for a node or host on a
telecommunications network. Network addresses are designed to be unique identifiers across
the network, although some networks allow for local, private addresses, or locally administered
addresses that may not be unique.

Private Address :
Private (internal) addresses are not routed on the Internet, and no traffic can
be sent to them from the Internet; they are only supposed to work within the local network.
Private addresses include IP addresses from the following subnets: Range from 10.0. 0.0 to
10.255.
Classes of Address :

Class Range Network Address

A 0-127 xxx
B 128-191 xxx . xxx
C 192-223 xxx . xxx . xxx

Subnetting :
Subnetting is the strategy used to partition a single physical network into more
than one smaller logical sub-networks (subnets). An IP address includes a network segment and
a host segment.Subnets are designed by accepting bits from the IP address's host part and using
these bits to assign a number of smaller sub-networks inside the original network.

IP Address Classes
Class A 1 – 127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Host . Host . Host

Class B 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Host . Host

Class C 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Network . Host

Class D 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)

Class E 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)

Private Address Space

Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Default Subnet Masks

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0
 Binary To Decimal Conversion
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Answers Scratch Area
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 146 128 64
16
1 119 232 16
0 1 1 1 0 1 1
146 4
255
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 195 119

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 244
19
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
129
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
49
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
120
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
240
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
59
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
7
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
 Decimal To Binary Conversion
Use all 8 bits for each problem
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255 Scratch Area
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 238
238 34
-128 -32
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 34 110 2
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 123 -64 -
46 20
-32
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 50
14
-8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255 6
-4
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 200 2
-2
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 10 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 138

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 13

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 250

0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 107
 Address Class Identification
Address Class

10.250.1.1 __A___

150.10.15.0 __B___

192.14.2.0 C ____

148.17.9.1 B _____

193.42.1.1 C _____

126.8.156.0 B _____

220.200.23.1 C _____

230.230.45.58 D _____

177.100.18.4 B _____

119.18.45.0 A _____

249.240.80.78 E _____
 Network Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the network address:

188.10.18.2 ______1_8_8__.__1_0__. _0__.__0_______

__
255.255.0.0

10.10.48.80 ______1_0__.__1_0__. _4__8__.

_0_________
255.255.255.0

192.149.24.191 192 . 149 . 24 . 0

255.255.255.0

150.203.23.19 150 . 203 . 0 . 0

255.255.0.0

10.10.10.10 10 .0 . 0 .0
255.0.0.0

186.13.23.110 . . .
186 13 23 0
255.255.255.0

223.69.230.250 . . .
223 69 0 0
255.255.0.0
 Host Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the host address:

188.10.18.2 ______0__._0___.
_1_8__._2____________
255.255.0.0

10.10.48.80 ______0__._0___.
_0__._8__0___________
255.255.255.0

222.49.49.11 0 . 0 . 0 . 11
255.255.255.0

128.23.230.19 0 . 0 . 230 . 19
255.255.0.0

10.10.10.10 0 . 10 . 10 . 10
255.0.0.0

200.113.123.11 0 . 0 . 0 . 11
255.255.255.0

117.15.2.51 0 . 15 . 2 . 51
255.0.0.0
 Default Subnet Masks
Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses:

177.100.18.4 ______2_5__5__.__2_5__5__._0___.
_0______

119.18.45.0 _______2__5_5___. _0__.__0__.

_0________
191.249.234.191 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
223.23.223.109 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
10.10.250.1 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
126.123.23.1 255 . 0 . 0 . 0
223.69.230.250 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
182.12.35.105 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 5
Number of needed subnets 6
Number of needed usable hosts 30
Network Address 195.85.8.0

Address class __C __ .

Default subnet mask _255 . 255 . 255 . 0_____

Custom subnet mask _255 . 255 . 255 . 224___

Total number of subnets __8_____________

Total number of host addresses __32____________

Number of usable addresses __32 - 2 = 30______

Number of bits borrowed _____3__________

Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
128 64 32

SUM 224
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NO. OF BITS
Number of
2 4 8 16 3 64
128 256
Subnets
2
Number of
256 128 64 32 1 8 4 2 HOST
6
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 9
Number of needed subnets 60
Number of needed usable hosts 1,000
Network Address 128.77.0.0

Address class ___B ___

Default subnet mask ___255 . 255 . 0 . 0____________

Custom subnet mask ___255 . 255 . 252 . 0________

Total number of subnets ___64_______

Total number of host addresses ___4________

Number of usable addresses ____2______

Number of bits borrowed ___6_______

Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
128 64 32 16 8 4
SUM 252
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NO. OF BITS
Binary values
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
16 128 256 Number of
2 4 8 3 64 Subnets
2
Number of
256 128 64 32 1 8 4 2 HOST
6
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 13
Number of needed usable hosts 25
Network Address 218.35.50.0

Address class __C __

Default subnet mask ___255 . 255 . 255 . 0_________

Custom subnet mask ___255 . 255 . 255 . 248 ____

Total number of subnets __32___________

Total number of host addresses __8____________

Number of usable addresses _6__________

Number of bits borrowed ___5__________

Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
128 64 32 16 8
SUM 248
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NO. OF BITS
Binary values
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Number of
2 4 8 16 3 64
128 256
Subnets
2
Number of
256 128 64 32 1 8 4 2 HOST
6
 Custom Subnet Masks

Problem 15
Number of needed usable hosts 50
Network Address 172.59.0.0

Address class __B ___

Default subnet mask __255 . 255 . 0 . 0________

Custom subnet mask __255 . 255 . 254 . 0______

Total number of subnets __64_______

Total number of host addresses __4________

Number of usable addresses _____2________

Number of bits borrowed ____6__________

Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2
SUM 254
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NO. OF BITS
Binary values
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Number of
2 4 8 16 3 64
128 256
Subnets
2
Number of
256 128 64 32 1 8 4 2 HOST
6
 Subnetting

Problem 8
Number of needed subnets 5
Network Address 172.50.0.0

Address class __B ______

Default subnet mask __255 . 255 . 0 . 0__________

Custom subnet mask __255 . 255 . 192 . 0________

Total number of subnets ____4____________

Total number of host addresses ___64__________

Number of usable addresses ____62___________

Number of bits borrowed ____2__________

What is the 4th

subnet range? 172 . 50 . 12 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 15 . 0

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? _172 . 50 . 16 . 0___

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 6th subnet? _172 . 50 . 23 . 0__

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet? 172 . 50 . 8 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 11 . 0 ___
 Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of 64
Subnets - 16 32 64 128 25
2 4 8 6
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
128 6 3 16 8
2
4
SUM 248

(0) 0 0 0 0 172 . 50 . 0 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 3 . 0

(1) 0 0 0 1 172 . 50 . 4 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 7 . 0
(2) 0 0 1 0 172 . 50 . 8 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 11 . 0
(3) 0 0 1 1 172 . 50 . 12 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 15 . 0
(4) 0 1 0 0 172 . 50 . 16 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 19 . 0
(5) 0 1 0 1 172 . 50 . 20 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 23 . 0
(6) 0 1 1 0 172 . 50 . 24 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 23 . 0
(7) 0 1 1 1 172 . 50 . 24 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 27 . 0
(8) 1 0 0 0 172 . 50 . 28 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 31 . 0
(9) 1 0 0 1 172 . 50 . 32 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 35 . 0
(10) 1 0 1 0 172 . 50 . 36 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 39 . 0
(11) 1 0 1 1 172 . 50 . 40 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 43 . 0
(12) 1 1 0 0 172 . 50 . 44 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 48 . 0
(13) 1 1 0 1 172 . 50 . 49 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 52 . 0
(14) 1 1 1 0 172 . 50 . 53 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 56 . 0
(15) 1 1 1 1 172 . 50 . 57 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 60 . 0
 Subnetting

Problem 9
Number of needed usable hosts 28
Network Address 172.50.0.0

Address class ___B _______

Default subnet mask _____255 . 255 . 0 . 0_________

Custom subnet mask ____255 . 255 . 248 . 0________

Total number of subnets ______32_________

Total number of host addresses _____8__________

Number of usable addresses _____6_________

Number of bits borrowed ____5________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? 172 . 50 . 32 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 65 . 0

What is the subnet number

for the 10th subnet? 172 . 50 . 290 . 0

What is the subnet broadcast

address for 172 . 50 . 129 . 0
the 4th subnet?

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
172 . 50 . 162 . 0
subnet? TO
172 . 50 . 193 . 0
 Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of 64
Subnets - 16 32 64 128 25
2 4 8 6
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
128 6 3 16 8
2
4
SUM 248

(0) 0 0 0 0 172 . 50 . 0 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 31 . 0

(1) 0 0 0 1 172 . 50 . 32 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 65 . 0
(2) 0 0 1 0 172 . 50 . 66 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 97 . 0
(3) 0 0 1 1 172 . 50 . 98 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 129 . 0
(4) 0 1 0 0 172 . 50 . 130 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 161 . 0
(5) 0 1 0 1 172 . 50 . 162 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 193 . 0
(6) 0 1 1 0 172 . 50 . 194 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 225 . 0
(7) 0 1 1 1 172 . 50 . 226 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 257 . 0
(8) 1 0 0 0 172 . 50 . 258 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 289 . 0
(9) 1 0 0 1 172 . 50 . 290 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 321 . 0
(10) 1 0 1 0 172 . 50 . 322 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 353 . 0
(11) 1 0 1 1 172 . 50 . 354 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 385 . 0
(12) 1 1 0 0 172 . 50 . 386 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 417 . 0
(13) 1 1 0 1 172 . 50 . 418 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 449 . 0
(14) 1 1 1 0 172 . 50 . 450 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 481 . 0
(15) 1 1 1 1 172 . 50 . 482 . 0 TO 172 . 50 . 513 . 0