R.M.K.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
RSM NAGAR, KAVARAIPETTAI – 601206.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject Code & Name: ME8793 - Process Planning and Cost Estimation

Unit -1

Part - A

1. Discuss the scope for process planning.

2. Recall and provide the details required for process planning.
3. Mention the various functions of process planning.
4. Mention the objectives of process planning.
5. Define CAPP.
6. List a few benefits of CAPP.
7. What are the disadvantages of manual process planning?
8. Name the components of a Generative CAPP
9. Brief about Variant or Retrieval type CAPP.
10. Define Group Technology.
11. Discuss how part families are created in CAPP?
12. Give examples for part family in CAPP
13. Define Operation Planning Sheet
14. Recall the information found in a route sheet
15. Mention the significance of interpretation of drawings
16. Differentiate between geometrical tolerance and dimensional tolerance
17. List out the factors considered for selection of machinery.

Part - B

1. Describe the steps or procedures involved in process planning.

2. Explain the criteria of selecting operating sequences and machine selection
in process.
 3. Write down the procedure to be followed during material selection. Discuss
the factors that are taken into account in process selection and equipment
selection.
4. Explain the use of computers in process planning. List out the advantages of
CAPP.
5. Enumerate the general guidelines for process selection
6. Discuss the various components of Retrieval Type CAPP system with a neat
sketch.
7. Describe in detail the Generative Type CAPP system with a neat sketch
8. Explain in detail about drawing interpretation
9. Explain various stages in new product development
10. Discuss the types of information interpreted from engineering drawings and
explain how it is useful for process planning.

Unit -II
Part - A
1. Distinguish between feed and feed rate
2. A planer is capable of 15 strokes per minute over a stroke length of 2m. The
cutting time ratio for the machine is 4:3. Compute the cutting speed.
3. Write the formula to calculate the cutting speed for shaping operations
4. What are the most influential factors in terms of tool performance?
5. Mention a few factors that affect the feed rate
6. What do you understand by “Depth of Cut”?
7. Describe the main reasons for using jigs and fixtures
8. What do you understand by the term “Interchangeability”?
9. What do you understand by the term “Quality Assurance”?
10. Brief about Fish-bone Diagram.
11. State the purpose of control chart
12. Distinguish between variables and attributes
13. List the documents used for process planning
14. Define Process Capability
15. Brief about the economics of process planning
16. Define break even analysis
17. Write a brief note on Scatter Diagram.
Part – B

1. Enumerate the general guidelines for process selection

2. Describe in detail the major factors for selecting the feed rate and depth of
cut
3. Explain the importance of the selection of right quality assurance method
during manufacturing.
4. Describe the basic method employed for the selection of cutting tools.
5. Explain the principles followed in designing Jigs and fixtures
6. List out and explain the standard parts used in design and construction of
Jigs and fixtures
7. Discuss the economics of process planning
8. Explain various types of control charts used in quality control.
9. Discuss the seven statistical control tools of quality.
10. Explain Pareto chart with an example.
11. Discuss the role of inspection in the context of quality assurance.
12. Draw and explain the break-even chart with a neat diagram.
ABC Company Ltd have the following details : Fixed cost = Rs.75,00,000,
Variable cost / unit = Rs.50, Selling price / unit = Rs.350
Compute i) Break even sales ii) Break even sales Quantity
iii) If the actual production quantity is 1,20,000 units, Find the following:
a) Contribution and b) Margin of safety by all the methods.
13. Discuss the factors that influence make or buy decision.
14. The Tafe tractor company has extra capacity that can be used to produce
gears that the company is now buying for Rs.200 each. If Tafe makes the gears,
it will incur materials cost of Rs.40 each, Labor cost of Rs.50 per unit and
variable overhead cost of Rs.15 per unit. The annual fixed cost associated with
the unused capacity is Rs.85,000. Demand over the next year is estimated at
5000 units. Would it be profitable for the company to make the gears? Assume
that the unused capacity has no alternative use.
15. Explain the below mentioned QC Tools:
i. Cause and Effect Diagram ii. Check Sheet.
16. i) Fixed cost = Rs. 20,00,000, Variable cost per unit = Rs. 100, Selling price per
unit = Rs. 200
Calculate (a) The break-even sales quantity, (b) The break-even sales
(c) If the actual production quantity is 60,000 (d) Contribution
(e) Margin of safety on all methods
ii) In a small scale industry making small toys, the fixed overhead costs are Rs.
5,000 per month and the variable cost is Rs. 4 per piece. The selling price is Rs.
6 per piece. Estimate the minimum monthly production so that the factory may
not suffer any loss.

17. A component can be produced on either a Speed Lathe or an Automatic Lathe.

The different cost factors for the two machines are given below.
Machine I
Fixed cost = Rs.1300
Variable cost = Rs.5 per piece
Machine II
Fixed cost = Rs.1800
Variable cost = Rs.3 per piece
Assume that cycle time for production of the component is same for both
the machines. Identify and select the machine for producing (a) 500, (b)
600 components.
18. Explain the managerial uses of break-even analysis.
19. Discuss various factors that influence the selection of measuring
instruments.
20. Explain the below mentioned QC Tools:
i. Histogram (5)
ii.Scatter Diagram (5)
iii. Pareto Analysis (5)
 Unit III
Part A
1. List the types of Cost Estimates.
2. Distinguish between under estimate and over estimate
3. What is the significant of Cost Estimation?
4. State what is meant by a realistic estimate
5. Define Conceptual Cost Estimating.
6. Specify the quality of personnel required for estimating and costing.
7. What do you meant by cost accounting?
8. Discuss Ladder of cost
9. Brief about the procedure to calculate Material Cost.
10. List out the types of overheads.
11. Compare administrative overheads and sales overheads
12. State the meaning of ‘Productive labours’
13. Define Depreciation.
14. Identify the causes of depreciation
15. Write the formula to calculate depreciation in straight line method
16. Distinguish between Sinking Fund Method and Annuity Method of
depreciation
17. Explain sum of year’s digit method of depreciation

Part B

1. (i) State the objectives of Cost Estimation. (7)

(ii) Differentiate between cost estimation and cost accounting (6)
2. (i) List the objectives of Cost Accounting. (9)
(ii) State the significance of Cost Accounting. (4)
3. Explain the data requirements for cost estimation and their sources (13)
4. Explain various methods of cost estimating. (13)
5. Explain various components of a job estimate? (13)
6. Write down the step by step procedure involved in the cost estimation of any
product. (13)
7. Describe the classification and elements of cost. (13)
8. What is meant by analytical estimating? Write its procedure, advantages,
limitations and Applications?
9. Explain various types of Overheads with examples (13)
10. Explain various methods of allocation of overheads (13)
11. Explain the terms Prime Cost, Factory Cost, Manufacturing Cost, Total Cost
and Selling Price. Show the relationship between various components of cost
with the help of a Cost ladder diagram
12. Explain the allowances in estimation (13)
13. A certain product can be made either by hand or by mass production. In
thefirst method, the time taken is 2 hours and overheads are 40% of labour
cost. In the second method, the time taken is 15 hours/100 products and
overheads are 140% of the labour cost. The material cost of each product is
Rs.50 and rate of labour/hour is Rs.40 in each case. Summarize which of the
two methods will be more economical.
14. Calculate the selling price per unit from the following data:Direct material
cost = Rs.8000, Direct labour cost = 60 % of direct material cost, Direct
expenses = 5 % of direct labour cost, Factory expenses = 120 % of direct
labour cost, Administrative expenses = 80 % of direct labour cost, Sales and
distribution expenses = 10 % of direct labour cost, Profit = 10 % of total cost
and Number of pieces produced = 250.
15. Calculate the sales price of a component made from solid steel bar 6 cm long
and 2 cm in diameter. The machining operation requires 75 minutes. Assume
the following data:
(a) Cost of mild steel is Rs.100 per kg.
(b) Density of mild steel 8 gm/cc.
(c) Labour charges Rs.40 per hour.
(d) Overhead charges are 100% of direct labour cost
(e) Profit as 20% of the total cost
Unit IV
Part – A
1. List the types of losses in forging
2. A square bar of 3 cm side and 25 cm length is to be hand forged into a
hexagonal bar of side of 1.5 cm. Find the length of the hexagonal bar.
3. List the types of welding
4. Write any two applications of welding
5. Distinguish between electrode and filler material.
6. A butt joint between two square metal plates of 250 cm x 250 cm is made
using electric arc welding. If the rate of welding is 2.5 meter/hour, compute
the time required to complete ten such welding operations.
7. A butt joint between two square metal plates of 300 cm x 300 cm is made
using electric arc welding. If the rate of welding is 3 meter/hour, compute
the time required to complete ten such welding operations.
8. Name few allowances to be considered while making patterns in foundry
shop
9. List out the few tools used in moulding operation.
10. List out the materials used for making pattern.
11. Justify foundry is a forming process.
12. Write a shot notes on core.
Part – B

1. Explain various types of losses in forging (7)

2. Explain various methods of forging process (6)
3. Discuss the procedure to estimate the cost of a forged component in the
forging.
4. What are the various elements to be considered while calculating the cost of
a welded joint? (7)
5. How is an electric arc welding cost estimated? (6)
6. Sketch the different types of weld joints (7)
7. Write short notes on gas welding techniques (6)
8. Explain various types of pattern allowances (13)
9. 250 pieces of shaft as shown in figure below are to be forged from the raw
stock of 2cm diameter. Estimate the cost incurred assuming that (i) Material
cost = Rs. 80 per meter
(ii) Cost of forging = Rs. 150 per Sq. meter of surface area to be forged
(iii) Overhead expresses to be 100% of the cost of forging.

All dimensions are in

“mm”
10. Estimate the size of the stock to forge a M.S hexagonal headed bolt blank.
The diameter of the bolt is 25 mm and length is 100mm. Assume necessary
dimensions for the head.
Solution: A hexagonal headed bolt with 25 mm diameter with hexagonal
head with standard dimensions is shown in figure.

All dimensions are in “mm”

11. Calculate the net weight and gross weight for the manufacture of 500 levers
shown in figure. The material weighs 7.8 gm/cc and the total losses account
for 30% of the net weight of the lever. Also calculate i) Length of 3 cm
 diameter required/component ii) The cost of forging 500 pieces if the
material cost Rs 85 per kg, labour cost Rs 20 per piece and overheads are
20% of the material cost.

12. 300 components as shown in the figure are to be made by upsetting from 25
mm diameter.Calculate the netweight, Gross weight and the length of 25
mm bar required before upsetting.Assume 5% net weight as shear loss, 6%
netweight as scale loss .Take the density of material as 8 gm/cc.

All dimensions are in “mm”

14. A rectangular frame shown in figure is to be made using plates of 300 cmx
6cm x 4 mm and 200cm x6cm x 4 mm sizes. Find the cost of filler metal and gases
used to make 200 frames .The following data is available for leftward welding :
i) Diameter of filler rod = 3mm;ii) Filler rod used per metre of weld = 2.10 m;
iii) Density of filler rod material =11gm/cc, iv) Cost of filler rod = Rs 50/kg
v) Consumption of oxygen = 0.2 m3/hour;vi) Consumption of acetylene = 0.2
m3/hour;
vii) Welding speed = 4.6 m/hour;viii) Cost of oxygen =Rs 15/ m3
ix) Cost of acetylene = Rs 60/ m3 ,Welding is to be done on both sides of the
frame.
15. A container open on one side of size 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 1 m is to be fabricated
from 6 mm thick plates show in figure. The plate metal weighs 8 gm/cc. If the
joints are to be welded, make calculations for the cost of container. The relevant
data is: Cost of plate = Rs. 10 per kg, Sheet metal scarp (wastage) = 5 percent of
material, Cost of labour = 10 percent of sheet metal cost, Cost of welding material
= Rs. 20 per meter of weld.

16. Estimate the material cost for welding 2 flat pieces of M.S. 15 X 16 X 1 cm
size at an angle of 90° by gas welding Neglect
edge preparation cost and assume:Cost of O2
isRs. 10/m3, (b) Cost of C2 H2 is Rs.60/m2 (c)
Density of filler metal is 7 gm/cc (d) Cost of
filler metal is Rs. 12/kg, (e) filler rod dia is 5
mm, (f) filler rod required 4.5 m/m of
Welding, assume O2 consumption is 0.7 cu.m/hr. C2H2 consumption is 0.5
cu.m/hr. Welding time is 30 min/m of welding

17. A butt joint is to be prepared in 9 mm. M.S. steel plate using flat welding
position and 6 mm electrode. Current used is 200 amps and 35 volts.
 Welding speed is 15 m/hr. and 0.4 kg of metal is deposited per meter length
of joint. Labour costs Rs. 100/hr, power Rs. 0.2/KWhr and electrode Rs.
80/kg. Efficiency of machine is 50% and operating factor is 60%. Calculate
the cost of labour, power and electrode per meter of weld'
18. A lap welded joint is to be made as shown in Figure. Estimate the cost of
weld from the following data : Thickness of plate = 10 mm; Electrode
diameter = 6 mm Minimum arc voltage = 30 Volts; Current used = 250
Amperes, Welding speed = 10 meters/hour Electrode used per meter of weld
= 0.350 kgs, Labour rate = Rs. 40 per hour Power rate = Rs. 3 per kWh,
Electrode rate = Rs. 8.00 per kg Efficiency of welding m/c = 50
percent, Connecting ratio = 0.4 Overhead charges = 80 percent of direct
charges, Labour accomplishment factor = 60 percent, Length of the weld is
1500 mm

19. Calculate the welding cost for a cylindrical boiler drum 2.5 m × 1 m
diameter which is to be made from 15 mm thick M.S plates. Both the ends
are closed by arc welding of circular plates to the drum. Cylindrical portion
is welded along the longitudinal seam and welding is done both in inner and
outer sides. Assume the following data :
(i) Rate of welding = 2 meters per hour on inner side and 2.5 meters
per hour on outer side
(ii) Length of electrodes required = 1.5 m/ meter of weld length
(iii) Cost of electrode = Rs. 0.60 per meter
(iv) Power consumption = 4 kWh/meter of weld
(v) Power charges = Rs. 3/kWh
(vi) Labour charges = Rs. 40/hour
(vii) Other overheads = 200 percent of prime cost
(viii) Discarded electrodes = 5 percent
(ix) Fatigue and setting up time = 6 percent of welding time.
20. A small fuse box 25 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 5 cm deep with a lid 2.5 cm
deep is to be manufactured in grey iron. It has the usual legs and ears with an
average thickness of 3.9 mm. The pattern supplied by the customer is of the
loose type, hence, bench moulding is to be followed. Estimate the selling price
per piece, given the following data:
Cost of iron at the cupola spout = Rs 50/kg
Cost of process scrap return = Rs 10/kg
Administrative on cost = Rs 30/hour
Profit margin = 20% of total cost

Process Time Labour Works on

per charges per cost per
piece piece hour
Moulding and 20 mins Rs 15 Rs 40
pouring
Shot blasting 3 mins Rs 4 Rs 30
Fettling 2mins Rs 2 Rs 20
21. Calculate the total cost of CI (Cast Iron) cap shown in figure, from the
following data: Cost of molten iron at cupola spout = Rs. 30 per kg, Process
scrap= 17 percent of net weight of casting, process scrap return value= Rs.
15 per kg, Administrative overhead charges= Rs. 2 per kg of metal poured,
Density of material used = 7.2 gm/cm3.
Process Time Labour charges Work on cost
per piece per hour
Moulding and pouring 10 mins Rs 30 Rs 40
Casting, removal and gate 6 mins Rs 10 Rs 40
cutting
Fettling and Inspection 4 mins Rs 10 Rs 30
22. Estimate the total cost of 50 C.I flanged pipe casting shown in figure,
assuming the following data: Cost of C.I. = Rs.50/kg; Cost of process scrap
= Rs 12/kg; Process scrap= 2% of net weight of casting; Moulding and
pouring charges = Rs 20/piece; Casting removal and cleaning = Rs.6/piece;
Administrative overheads = 5% factory cost; Selling overheads = 70%
administrative overheads.
 23. Estimate the total cost of 20 C.I flanged pipe casting shown in fig, assuming
the following data:

Cost of C.I=Rs 30/kg; Cost of process scrap=Rs 7/kg; Process scrap=2% of net
weight of casting; moulding and pouring charges =Rs 15/ piece; casting removal and
cleaning =Rs 5/piece; Administrative overheads =5% of factory cost; Selling
overheads =70% of administrative overheads.

24. Explain in detail the procedure for estimating the cost of water supply fitting
in residential building.

25. A certain machine was purchased for Rs.25,000 and it was presumed that it
will last for 20 Years. It was also considered that by selling the scrap of the
machine, the residual value will be Rs.4000. If the depreciation is charged
by reducing balance method, find out the depreciation fund for III - Year &
depreciation amount after III - Year?Also find out the % by which value of
the machine is reduced every year.
A CNC Machine was purchased for a cost of Rs.1,25,000 on 15 June 1995. The
erection & installation cost was Rs.10,000. The CNC Machine is to be replaced by
a new one on 14 June 2010. If the Estimated Scrap Value is Rs.25,000, what must
be the rate of depreciation & depreciation fund on 14 June 2002 ?

If after 9 years of running, some Machine Parts are replaced & the estimated
replacement cost is Rs.4000, what will be the new rate of depreciation?
26. The Original Assets of Company are Rs.5,80,000. The life of the Plant is 9
Years. If the Scrap Value is Rs.80,000, calculate the depreciation at the end
of each year by sum of the years digit method.
27. Find out the depreciation annuity by the annuity charging method after 4
years, when the cost of machine is Rs.15,000 and the scrap value is Rs.3000
only. Take rate of interest as 5%. Also calculate the value of the machine
after 2 years.

28. A cast iron component is to be manufactured as per figure. Estimate the

selling price per piece from the following data:
Density of material = 7.2 gm/cm3
Cost of molten metal at cupola spout = Rs. 20 per kg
Process scrap = 20 percent of net weight
Scrap return value = Rs. 6 per kg
Administrative overhead = Rs. 30 per hour
Sales Overheads = 20% of factory cost
Profit = 20% of factory cost
Other overheads are:
Process Time Labour Work on
charges per cost per
piece hour
Moulding and pouring 15 mins Rs 30 Rs 60
Casting, removal and 5 mins Rs 10 Rs 40
gate cutting
Fettling and Inspection 6 mins Rs 10 Rs 30
29. Estimate the cost of manufacturing high carbon steel spanner (Figure) to be
made by die forging. The following data is available: (i) Batch size = 500 pieces
(ii) Die cost per batch = Rs. 300 (iii) Stock cutting charges = Rs. 5 per batch (iv)
Set-up and machine operation cost = Rs. 75 per batch (v) Labour charges = Rs. 30
per batch (vi) Density of steel = 8.5 gm/cc (vii) Cost of high carbon steel = Rs. 80
per kg Assume suitable allowances for calculating the weight of the component.

30. Calculate the length and total weight of steel bar required to make a steel chain
made from links of the type shown in figure. If steel bar supplied for making link is
6mm diameter and the length of the chain is 6.552 m. Find the total number of
links required. In case there is no wastage of material and steel density is 7.8
gm/cm. (15)
Unit V
Part A
1. Explain the following terms
a) Feed and b) Depth of cut
2. Define cutting speed.
3. Define Tool approach and Tool over travel.
4. Write short notes on tear down time.
5. Estimate the machining time to turn a M.S. bar of 3 cm diameter down to 2.5
cm for a length of 10 cm in a single cut. Assume cutting speed =30m/min and
feed =0.4 mm/rev.
6. Write the steps involved in cutting time calculation.
7. Recall the formula used to calculate the cutting speed for a shaper machine.
8. Recall the typical data required for cutting time calculation in shaping
9. Write down the formula to calculate the machining time for shaping
operations in shaper machine.
10. Compute the time required to shape a slot 300 mm long, 10 mm wide and 5
mm deep in a CI block. Given that cutting speed is 10 m/min, feed 1
mm/stroke and maximum depth of cut as 2.5 mm. Assume k = 0.25

Part B
1. Briefly explain the estimation of machining time for various lathe operations
2. A 100 mm thick laminated plate used in pressure vessels consists of 80 mm
thick steel plate cladded with titanium plate of thickness 20 mm. A 10 mm
diameter hole is to be drilled through this composite plate. Estimate the time
 taken for drilling this hole if, cutting speed of steel and titanium are 25
mm/min and 10 mm/min respectively. Also the feed of drill for steel and
titanium are 0.255 mm/rev and 0.20 mm/rev respectively.
3. Compute the machining time required to produce one piece of the component
shown in fig. starting from 25 mm bar.
The following data is available
a) For turning
Cutting speed = 40m/min
Feed = 0.4 mm/rev
Depth of cut= 2.5 mm/per pass
b) For thread cutting
Cutting speed = 8m/min

All dimensions are in “mm”

4. Estimate the time required to manufacture the tapered cylindrical job of
dimensions: minor diameter 30 mm, major diameter 80 mm and length 120 mm
from a given round bar of 80 mm diameter and 120 mm length.
Assume cutting speed = 75 m/min
Maximum feed by compound rest =0.05 mm/rev
Depth of cut should not exceed 4 mm
5. A mild steel bar 120 mm long and 40 mm in diameter is turned to 38 mm
diameter and was again turned to a diameter of 35 mm over a length of 50 mm
as shown in fig. The bar was chamfered at both the ends to give a chamfer of 45 o
x 4 mm after facing. Compute the machining time. Assume cutting speed of
50m/min and feed 0.3 mm/rev. The depth of cut is not to exceed 3 mm in any
operation.

6. i)Estimate the time required for shaping a block 400 mm x 150 mm on a shaper
working with a cutting speed of 12 m/min. and cross feed of 0.85
mm/stroke.Ratio of return stroke to cutting stroke speed is 3:2. Take allowances
as 25 mm on each side on length and 5 mm on each side on width.
(5 Marks)

ii) Compute the time required on a shaper to machine a plate 1100x 500 mm, if
the cutting speed is 16m/min. The ratio of return stroke to cutting time is 2:3. The
clearance at each end is 20 mm along the length and 15 mm on width. Two cuts
 are required, one roughing cut with cross feed of 2 mm per stroke and one
finishing cut with feed of 1.25 mm per stroke.
(8
Marks)
7. i) A cast iron block of size 20 cm x 7.5 cm is required to be shaped to reduce
the thickness from 2 cm to 1.8 cm in one cut. Compute the time required for
shaping if cutting speed is 20 m/min. and feed is 0.2 mm per stroke and the
cutting time ratio is 3/5.
(7 Marks)
ii) Compute the time required to rough grind a steel shaft of 3.75 cm diameter to
3.7 cm diameter size using a grinding wheel of 5 cm face and assuming a
cutting speed of 12 meter / minute and depth of cut 0.0025 cm. Length of shaft
to be ground is 25 cm.

(6 Marks)
8. Estimate the grinding time to finish a shaft from 38.5 mm to 30 mm diameter.
Length of the
shaft is 300 mm. Assume the following data :
Width of the grinding wheel= 50 mm
Depth of cut in roughening operation= 0.785 mm
Depth of cut in finishing operation= 0.05 mm
Cutting speed = 12m/min
Assume 1 mm on diameter to be finished ground and remaining rough
ground.
9. Estimate the planning time for a casting 1.25 m long and 0.5 m wide which is
machined on a planer having cutting speed of 12 m/min.and a return speed of
30m/min. Two cuts are required: One roughing with a depth of 3.125 mm and a
 feed of 0.1 mm/rev and other finishing with a depth of 0.125 mm and using a
speed of 0.125 mm.
10. i) A 20 cm x 5 cm C.I. surface is to be faced on milling machine with a cutter
having a diameter of 10 cm and 16 teeth. If the cutting speed and feed are
50m/min and 5 cm /min respectively, Compute the milling time, rpm of the cutter
and feed per tooth.
(7Marks)
ii) A 3 cm depth slot is to be milled with a 8 cm diameter cutter. The length of
the slot is 30 cm. What will be the total table travel to complete the cut? If the
cutting speed is 20 meters / min and feed per tooth is 0.2 mm, estimate the
milling time. The cutter has 24 teeth and one cut is sufficient for the slot.
(6 Marks)
11. i) Estimate the time required to prepare a square prism on a milling machine
from a round block 120 mm length, 50 mm diameter, feed 22mm/min and
setup and indexing time is 14 minutes.
(7 Marks)

ii) A key way has to be cut in spindle whose dimensions are 500 mm long 50
mm diameter with a 10 mm width. The cutter diameter is 80 mm. If the cutter is
revolving at 110 rpm, Interpret the time required to cut 10 mm deep keyway
at a feed of

(ii) 50 mm per minute and b) 0.6 mm per revolution of cutter (6

Marks)
12. Estimate the machining cost and material cost of a part shown in the fig
from the mild steel shafting 50 mm diameter and length 70 mm, mild steel
weighs 7.8 gm/cc and the cost of metal removal is Rs.1 /cm2 and material
cost is Rs.80 per kg.
 13. Compute the machining time to complete the job as show in the fig from the
basic material of 60 mm diameter and 130 mm length.
Assume Cutting speed for turning=28m/min; Feed = 1mm/rev; Depth of
cut= 3mm; Cutting speed for thread cutting = 10m/min; Cutting speed for
drilling = 30m/min; Feed for drilling = 0.25mm/rev.

All dimensions are in “mm”