HOT

AND
DRY
CLIMATE
Sem. 3rd, Sec.B, B.arch
2014-19 SPA-PU
 OBJECTIVE
TO DEVELOP THE KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED FOR
UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON
ARCHITECTURE
 INTRODUCTION
Regions having similar characteristic features of climate are
grouped under one climatic zone. According to a recent code of
bureau of Indian standards, the country may be divided into five
major climatic zones.
• Hot and dry (mean monthly temperature >30 and relatively
humidity <55%).
• Warm and humid (mean monthly temperature >25-30 and
relatively humidity <55-75%).
• Temperate (mean monthly temperature 25-30 and
relatively humidity <75%).
• Cold and dry (mean monthly temperature <25 and
relatively humidity- all values).
• Composite (this applies, when six months or more do not fall
within any of the other categories).
The main points: Building
design
The main points:

• Orientation and placement, to minimize sun

exposure in summer.
• Form, compact to reduce surface areas of heat
gain.
• Shade, for maximum sun protection in summer.
• Allow adequate heat gain in winter by movable
shading devices.
• Ventilation, for regulation of air movement.
 Orientation
of building
Sun orientation

west
orientation
is the worst

The larger building dimension

should face north and south
Wind orientation

Main walls and windows should face the wind

direction in order to allow maximum cross-ventilation
of the rooms.
To reduce the effect of hot dusty winds, the leeward
side of the house is better.
 r oom
arrangement

1. Bedrooms - on the east side.

2. Living rooms - on the north or south side.

 Building
material

Sun-dried earth brick is

one of the poorest
conductors of heat

Traditionally constructed with thick walls

and roofs and with very small openings
 walls

1. Walls of daytime living areas should be made of

heat-storing materials.
2. East and west walls should preferably be shaded.
3. Double walls with insulation in between are a
suitable solution.
 Openings
and window
are necessary
for natural
lighting and
ventilation.

More windows should be provided in the north facade

of the building as compared to the east, west and south
as it receives lesser radiation throughout the year.
 Windows
Should be shaded
either by shading
devices, roof
overhangs or by
deciduous trees.

The size of the windows on the west and east

sides should be minimized in order to reduce
heat gains into the house in the early morning
and late afternoon.
 Roof

• The flat roof is a good reflector and re-radiates heat

efficiently, especially if it consists of a solid, white painted
material.
• High solid parapet walls along the edge of the roof can on
the one hand provide daytime shade and privacy.
 Natural
ventilation

The principle involved is to catch an

unobstructed breeze at a high level and channel
it to areas in the bottom parts of the building.
 Passive
cooling

Cooling can be achieved by the

evaporation of water.
 Courtyard

1. The courtyard is provided with water and plants, it acts as a

cooling source.
2. Internal courtyards provides cross ventilation & natural
cooling.
3. Most openings are to the internal courtyard rather than
exterior surface.
 Outlets at higher levels serve to vent hot air.
Ventilators are preferred at higher levels as they
help in throwing out the hot air.
 …
- Colors that absorb less heat should be used to paint
the external surface.
- Darker shades should be avoided for surfaces
exposed to direct solar radiation.
- The surface of the roof can be of white broken glazed
tiles.
- During the day-time openings should be closed and
shaded.
- Decreasing the surface of the building exposed to the
outside.
- Using materials that take a longer time to heat up.
- Providing buffer spaces (lobbies, etc.) between the
living areas and the outside.
 Thank you!

Reference
http://collections.infocollections.org/ukedu/en/d/Jsk02ce/3.3.html
www.academia.edu/.../Design
www.slideshare.net/...
 Presented by
Ronak Dhupia
Saloni Bhagat
Shruti Kapoor
Shristi Agarwal
Rajat Narang
Surbhi Joshi
Rajshree Soni
Sem. 3rd, Sec.B, B.arch
2014-19 SPA-PU