Calculation of R,L,C and Z

In Fig. (a) are shown the cross-sections of two conductors

of a single-phase line spaced D from centre to centre.
The inductance of the single phase conductor is

Now, μ = μ0 μr and μi = μ0 μr where μr and μr′ are the

relative permeabilities of the surrounding medium and
the conductor material. If surrounding medium is air, then
μr = 1. Also, if conductor is made of copper, then μr′ = 1.
Hence, the above expression becomes.
Loop reactance X = 2πfL ohm/metre

Obviously, the inductance of each single conductor is half

the above value
V is the voltage to neutral

Reactance of 3-phase Transmission Line

(i) Symmetrical Spacing
(ii) Unsymmetrical Spacing
In Fig. 41.14 (a) are shown the three conductors spaced
symmetrically i.e. each conductor is at the apex of the
same equilateral triangle ABC of side D.
3-phase circuit with conductors placed unsymmetrically.
In this case also, the inductance is given by equation
D=
Here, D is the distance between conductor centres and r
the radius of each conductor, both expressed in the same
units

Problem 1
A 20-km single-phase transmission line having 0.823 cm
diameter has two line conductors separated by 1.5 metre.
The conductor has a resistance of 0.311 ohm per
kilometre. Find the loop impedance of this line at 50
Hz.Also, Calculate the capacitance per km of the line,if the
conductors in a single-phase transmission line are 6 m
above ground. (i) excluding ground effect and (ii)
including the ground effect. 8.854

Solution
Total loop inductance is

1)
 2)

Loop length = 20 km = 2 × 104 m

D = 1.5 m ;
r = 0.823/2 = 0.412 cm = 4.12 × 10–2 m
R=0.311 Ω/km
F=50 Hz
H=6 m

E0=
Assuming μr = 1 for copper conductors since they are non-
magnetic and also taking μi= 1 for air
Xc=

Z=√

Problem 2