erie 6 ‘syflabus ans, 0POBand MPCB noms and respensiiiies, teetnoigy i environment and human heath rice U@-H) and (61-Aia}) of inion Constitution reparking anvranmant, Ervronreenal pratecten an peewention Tha role of NGOS. Concept of sustainable development, EIA and sndrrmertal morality. Management Measures ~ Rain Water harvesting, Ground walor recharge, Green Belt Development, Use ol Renewable energy. water shed management, intecinking of rivers, Rale ‘of information: Social Issues and Environmental Education ———————— or Gylabus Toplo = Article (48-A) and (51-A(g)) of ‘indian Constitution Regarding Environment 1 Article (48-A) and (51-A(g)) of Indian Constitution Regarding Environment QSL Winat is ariclo (48-A) and [51-Afa}} of Indian ‘Conettution regarding Environment? (Rat. Sea. 6.1) = Article 48.A, deals specifically with the conservation and improvement of the environment. It oes as under: The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the eauntry Thus, ladian Constitation became one of HR TE constiutions of the world where specific provisions ‘were incorporated in the Suprema LEX PURTE shligations on the State as well ss citizens 10 protect tnd fo improve he environment Tals «eta # * Poitive development of Indian 1a ‘The State cannot treat the abligations ‘of protecting aad Inprevising the environment 28 mare PENS PUAN “The directive principles are not mere shot pieces 3 the windorw-dressing rater they are fundamental ia the overmance of the cwunry and being a part of the supreme law mandatory to implement, ‘Antisle SI-A. of constitution enlists 11. fundamental dutcs. This part was added on the recommendations of the Swarm Singh Committee bringing the Constitution of India in ine with Article 29(1) of the Universal Dedleration of Human Rights. Article §1-A (g) specifically deals with the fundamental duty with respect to environment, Tt provides: I bal be the duty of every citizen ef India to protect ond improve the natural environment including the forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and als to have compassion for Hiving creatures Article SI-A.() further provides It shall be the duty of every citizen of Indi to strive towards excellence in ail spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constamly sises to higher evel of endeavor and achieverents ‘The basic mative behind the fundamental duties is to inculcate a sense of responsibility among the people and to promote their panicipation in resiructuring and ‘puiding » welfare society. The protection of the environment is a constitutional pricrity and it is the concern of every citizen Scanned with CamScanner |vironmental Studios (MSBTE) malamental duty ot every citizen tw peoteet and iimpeave natural environiient. But in the resent scenario pollutinn isnot only caused by exploiting the natural envizonment but otherwise alse, la moan indus tion such a ‘sancept may seem to be a misnomer, It is submitted, {Hat tbe Word Naturale fore the word environment ig to be understood in & brad sense, Nature gave us the environment polltion free. ~The fundamental duty of every citieen is not only ta Protect the environment from any kind of pollutien but abe fo improve the environmental quality if it has been polluted ~ Tins; the undestined emphasis of this Fundamental duty {is that every citizen has a duty to make an endeavour to Preserve the environment in the same way as it was sven to us by nature. ~ Now, we come 1 the question of eniufing ane compliance of these fundamental duties. When they incorporated in the Constitution in the year 1976, it was considered tht {he fundamental taw of the land Feminds the citizens. of their constitutional obligations, ‘They cannot be directly cufureed. ~ However, in due course of time, the judicial activism ‘provides an impetus to achiewe the underlined ‘objectives of the fundamental duties, particularly, Atticle SI-A (g) relating to the envionment, The terelationship hetween Articles 48, 48-A and S1-A () of the constitution has heen explained by the Supreme Court, ‘Syllabus Topic : Environmental Protection and. Prevention Acts, CPCB and MPCB Norms and Responsibilities 62 Environmental Protection and Prevention Acts, CPCB and MPCB ____Norms and Responsibilities 9.6.2.1 List various Environmental Proteation and Prevention Acts. (Rol. See. 6.2) 8.6.22 Write a note on 8) cPca. ©) MPCB, Wort, their nerms and respensibities.. (Ret. Soc, 62) 6.2.2 Central ~ Sopa leaves and Environmental Etucaion 6.2.1 Overview Evionmeatl law plays a cri sole in proving framework for regulating the use of enviroment ang its management In India, several Acts were passed from 1972 to 1985 ‘and various amendments thereafer © protect the environment, © regulate resource we, 2 © protect biodiversity, 1 © pollution conto, © conserve forests, ete. India is the first nation in the world to have made Protection and conservation of environment in. is ‘Constitution in 1976, ‘The Ministry of Envisonment and Forests (Mol) js ‘the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the ‘Central Government for the planting, promotion, co- ‘ordination and overseeing the implementation of {ndia’s environmental and forestry policies and ‘Programmes, ‘Along with MoEF Central! and State pollution contol boards have ‘been constituted io provide technical Support to MoEF in its functioning, Pollution Control Board (CPCB) ‘The Central Pollution Conirol Board (CPCB), Statutory organization, was constituted in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. 1974. Further, CPCB was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Ait {Prevention and Control of Pollution) set, 1981. |i serves. as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment sad Forests of the provisions of she Environniett (Protection) Act, 1986, Principal functions of te CPCB, a spelt out in the Water (Prevention and ‘Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Alf (Prevention and Conteol of Potion) Act, 1981, Scanned with CamScanner, ” 4 nveonrental Studios (MSETE a jy ome lealiess of teams and wes in jtferent areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, snd Environmental Educator Sool issues to respective local administrations. CPCB along with: its counterparts State Pollution Controt Boards (SPCBs) are responsible for implementitio® a Tesiitons relating to. preverin and com of say eo imwrone the quality of sir and to prevent contrat or abate air pollution in the country. environmental pallusion. Functions and Powers of the Central 6.24 MPCB Norms and Responsibilities Beard at the National Level WMpcea are implementing varius environmental Advi the Central Government on any matter Eee nearer concerning prevention and control of water and. air poilution and improvement of the quality of ar. = Water (Prevention ‘und Control of Pollution) ‘Act, 1974. = shir(Preveaton and Control of Pttaion) Ast 1981- plan und cause 10 be executed a nation-wige program for the prevention, control of abatement of water and ‘tr pollution Some of the important responsiilis 7 Cunctons ant powers of MPCBS are 1. To plan comprehensive program far the prevention, Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry aut and sponsor investigetion and research celating to problems of water and air polation, control or abatement of pollution an secure executions thereof, To collect and disseminate information relating. to and for their prevention, control or abatement; pollution afd the prevention, unto) or abatement Plan und organise taining of persons engaged in thereat, rograsnme en the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution; 3. To inspeet sewage or trade effluent treatment and isposal facilities. ane sir pluton control systems. ad toreview plans specification or any other data relating te the treatment plans, disposal systems and ait pollsion control systemt in connection with the consent granted, Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass rwareness programme on the prevention, corral OF abatement of water and air pollution Collect, conspile snc. publish technical and statistics! xia relating to water and ait pollution and he «for their effective prevention, control 44. Supporting and encouraging the developments in the fields of pollution control, waste recyele reuse, eco frienuly practices ete measures evi ec abatement: 5, To slucne and hide the entrepreneurs in improving eoviropment by soggesting appropriate pollution conta tsinalogies ad techni Prepare mann, codes and guidelines setaing 19 treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluens 9° well as for sack gas cleaning devices, stark and ets Lay down, matty oF anal, in ensaation Th (RE 6. Creaion of public awareness about the clean, and State Governments concermed. the starsards for sisi"? veal and lay down staat te ality of 36 arn perform such other function 3s may PE peescribe bby the Government of Inia neal covironment and attending the public complains reganging polation. 6.3. Environmental Clearance, Consent _ |___and Authorization Mechanism As per the policy decision cof the Gowernment of India, the CPC hac delegated its pores ane tusetions WRIT the Water (Preve ‘and Control of Pollution) Act, 19%, the Wage CPreventian and carol of Felon) ess Act, 1977 amd the Air {Prevention and Control of respect co inion Few Enviroamental Cleanmee (EC) for gemain evelogoncial prjgsts has hoe male mandatory ty ihe Ministry of Environment and Forests thromgh its Nouifieativn issue om 27.01.1998 under the provisions. a Lnsironment (Protection Act, 1986, Scanned with CamScannerWH emscvimental Seats gMSATE) Ca Issuos. ard Envronmota Education N adksale of ejwnienoe im te | 644.2 Stages In Prior Environmental Panvinvaurnes tee press ant the demas, Clearance Process fen varias staketulers, The Mistry of Psion al Stagot: Sereening ant Bomeats (MoT issue evisea Noiftcation aw EC Pewee in Sepeiaiher NW) and anemia it in Screening micans scrutiny of eategmy “BH projec, Devember AM. It was wontsheret necessary bby Molt seeking prior emvimmneentat clearance rmle hy. ye © inake svailahle Fwunommewtal pact Assessinont | cumecined Siole Level Expert Appeal Commitee (FLAY suilanoe tnanuals foe each of the development SEAR sevtor cweening dletermines whether or not the projeet Foyhires farther environmental dies for preparation I lepersting ypom he mature and OF the prajeet ~ Mi new notification , projests have ecu divided in to twa category Le, fot ELA far its apy cation spe © A (Sole sonia His) and ~ Mob comune EAC at Cental evel (or Scoping and © B (Sole State Hist), (Given at the eit of this Apyeadeal of pmjects, Mal shisetssiont level on rveiving: nominations from State Government. EACISEAC may inspect sites (luring. sercening, Syllabus Topic : EIA seoping and appraisal) = AS per new notifications: mo: scrcening required for Category A poy wal List), Category = Pejects (Sale St } will bee further screened at the tc level for cateyorization into ether BL or B 6.4 Environmental Impact Assessment (Eta) cts (5 el G.8.4.1 Explain concept of Environmental impact Assessment, (Rel, Soc. 6.4) vironmental dnipact Assessment) aint PH (Public Hearing) bat B2: doesa't eqs FLA anal PUL = Bnvinmmental tmjact Assessment (BIA) ts important management tool for ensuring the optimal ‘Stage I Scoping ‘use of natural nesources for sustainable develeyyment Seong Foes to the process By wl Megory "AY projects anit SEAC ia the eae of “WUT proyects determine detailed and comprehensive TORS (Terms of Reference) acklressing = Tes purpose is ta identify, examine, assess an eval the likely and protuble impacts ef a proposed pryject 4 a the envitnninent anal, thereby, bo work wnt remesdiat action plans t0 mininie adverse impact eth aston pl aN onthe all the relevant eavisonmental goneerns fer the ensisonment reparation of BIA repo 6.4.1 Objectives of ELA TOR will help the puoject proponents aed consultants 40 prepare report with relevant project specific dat (0 To torwulate a transparent, decentralized and efficient which ane infinmative, compact amd easy 1 Hoey mechanic compoebenc (4) To ingorperate necessary envinsninental safe guants at Stage lll: Public Consultation or Public Hearing (PH) planning sage WH) To involve stakehoklers ia the public esnsallation prone ~ Puble Comsattation refers wy the process by which the ‘nacerms of Jal affect persons and wees wht BE Ki) Weatify developmental projects. fused on impact lie stake‘ erefr pacts of the Fentil ansteaa of the investment efter Ploject or activity are ascertained, i can be lst Scanned with CamScanner- GF covrsemertt Staten (MSBTE) a Socia Issues and Environmental Education, WF tron Sates MSBTE) ss seats feanng af silo ebise PrORiMity. for Tocal affected enone oF imtect responses funmten) Le, through iflerent indes of communication fom pausibke stake poklers Amd views can he displayed in websites, libeares. offices = Following routine 1s adopted for PH TOM to preside over the FH provess fo Altemate ible Authority / Apeacy tbe engaged try Mobil wn case SPC faite uo campy sith sane ‘wit of public concer ELA report Mlesprophy of proceedings rmst_ and to be enclosed ith apypncation tor BG 8 reparation of PIL proce DADS 1! sipratuce: by onthe carne lay 6 Digplay of PH Proceedings in wel site and other Govt tives portant tes arity that PL fs Bota dectsbot itis omly toy ascertain the cincerms of Ioval affected ive stakeboblers perso a from pa Stage IV: Appraisal Apmvaisal means the detaicd scrutiny by the Espert Appr Level Eapert Appraisal and oihet Committee of the apyilication soouments submitted by the applicant for grant of eevinvemental clearance. MoEP has so far eanstitted 25° State Level Exper Appraisal Committee to appraise catego 8 pecgjects © Category A’ [Cer Ust] 1 Offdhore unk onshore bb and gas exploration and waist clear ower proasts and processing of tileat fc ar woteum veh snp tasty 4 Asbestos ming amd asbesion hase proaiats Skat inant 6 Cheinical teri 7 Pesticide and pes fe specific antermetiates (exciuding formutations) AML units paextocing techincal ne pesticides & Petrochemical industries based oh processing of petmlcum fractions and natural pas completes and storming U9 aroroatis OM and gas transportation pipeline (crude and passing through reetslecalogivally sensitive areas inclushing LNG terminal Airports fefincry/petmchemical pavslucts), national parkvsanctuariedcoral 16 Al ship bscaking yarasancing ship feeaking units, HI. Asbestos mining, 2. Primary metallurgical inne 13, Allmalanses hase tees, 14, Pulp manufacturing and pulp and paper 18. New ma wal highway. * Category B (Sole State List) 1. Antegratest pat iusiry Indlostion/are fwmaceveupo jurmaces STP oF move ted storage and Handling Nagardous chemicals (05 fet thuesbold planning quantity indicated ia. column 4 of Schedule 2 apd 3 of MSHIC Rules 1989 arent 280) 4. Aerial ropeway, S. Common effluent teatenent plants (CETPSt 6. Cocumon municipal solid waste management fasiity cousin 7. Building and coastasetion pret A. Towendhip and area development projects 9 Paper manatactaring (now pulp manafacturing 10, New sae highways 64.3 Listof Clearances jena GO 9e1 apa HME sl Toads "No Objection € i he state Pallution ficate™ 45 equine Thee eal NOC is im th estahhadanent waler combined Concent ta Water Ast, 0 Ain Act Scanned with CamScannerBE cruvormentl suites (USHTEY 65 G.6.5.1 Explain eoneept of NGO, (Reel. Sec. 6.5) Hazard wastes Rules woul be requited for setting up of an iedustrial unit There are various 39 specified infrastructure projects, which require, industrial and Environmental clearance from the MoEF 8 Govt, of India and © State Environment Department ate alse required, ‘As per Environmental Impact Assessiicnt Notification du LAAIF2N06 hoisted om the MPCK, these industry specific ils would be available from the {nformation provided in their Website, For the industrial units, MSW sites and other developrnental activi located on the coastal stretches ‘of buys, estuaries. s.1ivers and hack waters, CH ‘clearuine also is rexuired, Syllabus Topic : The Role of NGOs The Role of NGOs NOD i oa governmental orBization, NGOs are part of the “ein society", There aretwo types of NGOs Fntermationat art national Some NGOs ate concenirated on protection of human rights. Ds have played important role in the protection of human rights. They eannot succeed in their role lunless there is help frum the judiciary, The NGOS help the victios of human right violation by providing them sistance anil ailvice, The NIERC encourages NGOS in the of husnaaa rigs Many NGOs work for inimanst human -ciphes o bogle-isntie” Causes “peacetime, Ie In ait Own countnes, Education on human sights is NGOs" activites, portant ele 66 a priority for many orysnizations. tn vane countries itis the only mete ta advance homnan Fighny ‘You can educate on: huaman rights’ standards or stl how to advance human righty (for otter NGOv oe activist). dhicution ba only indirect and long-term impact oq burn eps protectban — Speeial educational methods © Education through personal invalvernent (workshops, actions, individual small project) Syllabus Topic : Concept of Sustainable Development 66 Concept of Sustainable ___Bevetopment 0.8.6.4 Explain concept of sustainable development. (Ref. See. 6 6) 6.6.1 Green Building - Introduction ‘Gowen buildings are the siructures-which use materials, ‘water, energy und other resources without depletion of nature (Fig. 6.6.1). Green buildings generate minimum non-depradable waste Processes involved in making green buildings are ‘tivironmentally responsible and resouree-etficient ‘throughout a building's lifecycle Le, from siting adesigan, onstruction, operation, maintenance, Fenovation, and demolition. This. requires close ‘cooperation of the design teum, the architects, the éngincers, and the client at all project stages Green buildings take advantage of renewable resources. like using sunlight through passive solar, active slat and photovoltaic testiiyues and using plants and ees through, gree woofs, fain gardems, and reduction of mwater mun-sff, using permeable concrete instead af conventional asphalt to enhance womerete OF replenishment of ground water, ~~ Scanned with CamScanner- tn neta green buildings reduce the overall impact of the halt evieonment on horman health and the natu enviroment iy Efficiently using energy, water, and other (i) Protecting, occupant Health and impvoning ctuployee prowlae (ii) Redecing waste, pollution and environmental sdepradation — Today Hridia obs prime: position in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-cenified green Iuubings like residential complexes, exhibition as, laboratories ecitets, hospitals, education in AT parks, aaports, government buildings and corporate offices Fig. 6.6.1: Groen Mul ngs protect environment 662 Concept of Green Bullding ‘The “Green Huilting’ concept is gaining importanse in rious countries, incing India ves wre Facilitated! such that waste is minaminreshat every spe 0 ating the © © operation of the building, oh uwers the costs, pres the en nud make life come \with the Goeen Hunlding” involve measiites Hike, © Fo prevent croniont af sil © Rainwater harvesting 00 Enaronmental Studees (MSBTED ‘Social issues and Envivarmental Educa i © Use of solar energy ‘0 Preparation of landscapes xo reduce heat © Reduction in usage of water, so Recycling of waste water 0 use of workd class energy efficient practices 66.3 Goals of Green Building (i) Siting and Structure Design Etficiency nergy Fificiency Water Effisiency (iv) Materials Efficiency (8) Iagoor Environmental Quality Enhancement, {84) Operations and Maintenance Oprimization, art (vii) Waste and Toaicy Reduction, ‘The essence of preen building is an optimization of one ‘oF mote of these principtes. Also, with the proper synergistic ddesiga, individual green building technologies may work together to price a greater cumulative eff. 4 Example of ITC Centre-Gurgaon The FTC Green Centre, Gurgaon is a benchmark for sen buildings, I Was the firs ‘Platiouny’ rated building én India and has endeavoured to adopt green practices that go beyond recycled waste and day-lit offices. Wit in a builtin { area of 180,000 sqft, the building features. altemative: mamporation facilibey, som water management system, volar thermal technology, reflective high-albeds if paint, minimal exterior lighting, separate smoking rooms. with cexbaost system and seroowaer discharge, —_— Syllabus Toplc : Environmental Morality i 6.7__Environmen The tna wale ality of i. Sealer ara a, * (Global warming, eae dep mate change, huge Prpulation and above all Auman greed will mike he earth not tf Scanned with CamScanner_ © cimnsiiiiin it Sei tere ‘Thus, those who ait concemed with their environment | Syllabus Toph agement Me. Water Harvesting, Ground Water Rechereg, a Belt Development, Use of Renewable Energy, Water Shed Management must try to understand the eauses and effects of enviromental degradation and the means and method's Wo save the envizoament, for the betterment of the rescot as wells forthe ture peneratons 68 Management Measures - Rain Water Harvesting, Ground Water Recharge, Green Belt Development, Use of Renewable Energy, Water Shed Management er Sed Management 6.8.1 Water Conservation To protect the environment, one must understand Environmental balance, so this subject has got maximum importance in the developed. as well as in the developing countries. ‘This task of preserving our environmental balance is very eaxy. If we ean make the list of all the activities we camry in a day and the natural resources we have Used and the wastage we have generated, We can find out the ways and means to cut down the unnecessary use of the narural resourcesllike water we une, the food ‘Water is an important resource, without which no He ‘San fave “LIFE™ on our planet earth, Thus it is « resource ‘benefiting everyone on camh living as well as nop-lving (8 Soil, mackines. cooling systems, process induary) Water can be conserved / saved by using several methods, We consume and fuel we finish. The journey of thousand miles begi with one step ahead. If each one ‘of us follow the simple pollution free life style, we in near future will bein & position to put a contzol to the environmental degradation. such as, 0 By applying engineering practise Modifying plumbing Changing water supply operating procedures ‘Using water saving fixtures. 6.7.1 Crisis Related to Population ~ Monioring : Personal wes Hula = Problems due to high population Domestic uses or fitting sabe (a) Shortage of natural resources. Organizational uses i - ing flush tanks IshowersTollet displaces (b) Shortage of healthcare services. ing flush I as © Controlling IcakageMetecting leakage at Onset : (4) Poor management of resources. vsing automated sensorvtelemetry : visually 1 iced tervals inspecting a (¢) Increase in crime and other social problems. am © Conducting water audies : For Leye i (0) Disturbing demographic structure of an area. osama (g) Poor status of female and children. = Reducing water pressure : by pressure reducing valves (hy ‘Water, sanitation and land crisis emerge due to apo ce aaa ‘high population, Using Flow restrictors/ consol x Water recyeling, reusing, reducing use. By changing water utilisation habits Educating the work force/fomily members 4 Controlled use of water for baths. eS Scanned with CamScannerF _envronmerial Stes (MSBTE) iu} Rain water harvesting 6.8.2 Water Shed Management Q,681 Explain water shed management. (Rot. See. 6.8.2) = To conserve the most important resource, many techniques are followed few on small scale like domestc/vitlage eve = One technique established to achiove «flective conservation of water is “watershed management” 68.2.1 Structural Aspects of a Watershed — Awatershed is formed by abasin: ic. peaks of an.arca jg made 10 descend into small valleys (at lower slevations or slopes). Peabs ane cunnested by sidges, = Rain water (droplets) falling on peaks are Polluted ait and water ore (wo main factors which affect the humat health. The harm impacts of ai, water, soil, noise, marine, thermal and nuclear, Pollutions in degail, — Here we will discuss problems of air and water pollution in tie. Al Harmful impacts of air Pollutants ; Different air pollutants cause different damages 1a people and -ewvicoomet, Like ¢ (a) CO: When combined with haemoglobin in REC forming carboxy-haemoglobin, thus redoeing oxygen cumying cupacity of blood, It causes headache, paralysis and even death. (b) SO; + Causes respimtory diseases, like asthma, bronchitis, eye invitation, throat troubles in human beings () OWides of nitragen (8,0, NO, NO,) : In high concentration it causes headache, irsitaion of eyes, and respiratory tract, bronchitis. asthma, 1058 of appetite, etl Scanned with CamScanner= BF cnaicomena Sus SBE) (a) CO; +1 may combine with haemoglobin of RBC. and cause blockade én O; transfer, It is the main ease of Globol Warming, fe) 0) 4 Its concentration above 0.1 ppm is toxic. Tt ‘causes imitation of eyes lungs, respiratory tract. (1) Hydrocarbons ¢ Hydrocartons alone have ne harmful effects. But unburnt hydrocarbons. in presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxide Form Os aldehydes, PAN (netosy acetyl nitrate) and other complex products; They have harmful effects om respiruory system. They cause iitation of eyes, throat nose, (g) Particulates : Dust causes occupational diseases, and it affects respiratory systems causing pocumaconiosis where lungs are affected due to fibrosis and pleural ealeiicstion sod finally lead to lung concer, When causative agent is ilies, the tespiraory disease is Silicosis, Inhalation of Asbestos (is am industrial term for a number of hysrated silicates) dust oF fiters (Chrysotite i the most abundant type of asbestos fibres wed in ssbestos textiles) causes lung disease known as Asbestosts BJ Harmful impacts of water pothutants : Consumpeion of pollaed. water is the reason of water borne diseases like polio, cholera, fungal infections, dysentery, typhoid, diamboea, jaundice, et. Agriculture run off may contain pesticides, insecticides and fungicides, ete, which are toric and hazardous ‘Most of pesticides are mutagenic and carcinogenic like BHC affects central nervous system and Dicldrin ‘causes insomnia, 6.10.3 Indoor Air Pollution 6.10.3.1 Concept of Indoor Air Pollution = indoor air pollution refers to the phyaical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air in the indoor environment within a home, building, or an instintion ‘ot commercial facitity. ~ Indoor sir pollation’ is a concern in the developed ‘countries, where houses are relatively airtight to itaprove encrgyeffiicney. 618 Social iseues and Environmental Education = Indoor ait pollution in the rural areas and the arbaa areas eceur due to different conditions, Rural areas fate the grestest threat ftom indoor pollution, where some 45 billion people continue to rely on traditional fuels such as firewood, chareoal and cowdung for cooking and heating. = Buming such feels produces Tange amount of smoke and other air pollutants in the closed space of the home. Most serious pollutants ia smoke ftom biofuels are catbon meaoxide, polycyclic organic mater. and formaldehyde, Womes and children are the most vulnerable as they’ spend more time indoors and. are exposed tothe smoke, = Ia urban areas, expasure to indoor air pollution has inereased due 4o a variety of reasons, 1 inelndes the construction of more tightly sealed buildings, reduced ‘vemiltion, use of syathetic materials for building and fomishing and the use of chemical product, pesticides and household care prowucts, 6.10.4 Concept of Indoor Air Pollution — Indoor sir pollution refers to the physical. chemical. tnd biological characteristics of air in the indoor environment within a home, building. oc an institution ‘oc commercial facility — Indoor sir pollution is 4 concern ia the developed countries, where houses are relatively sinight to improve energy efficiency. = Indoor air pollution in the rural areas and the urban reas occur due to different conditions. Rural areas face the greatest threat from indoor pollution, where some 3.5 billion people continue to rely on traditional Faels such as firewood, charcoal and cowdong for cooking and beating. Buring such fuels produces large amount of smoke and other aie pollutants in the closed space of the home, ‘Most serious pollutants in smoke from biofuels are eurbon monoxide, polyeyelié organic matter, and formatdehyse. Women and children are the most vulnerable as they spend moce time indoors and are exposed to the smoke. tr whan ates, exposure to indoor ir polation has ineressed due ta a variety of reasons. It includes tke construction of more tightly sealed buildings, reduced ‘entlation, me of symtetc tates for building and fumishing andthe use of cherial products, pesticides, and household cate predoct Scanned with CamScanner