THEORY

Curve ranging is a process of polarization of points of the curve on the path of

straight and curved road based on a fixed or variable radius in the horizontal
plane and slope upward or downward in the vertical plane . The purposed is to
design a railway track .

Curves are regular bends provided in the lines of communication like roads,
railways etc. to bring about the gradual change of direction. They are also used in
the vertical plane at all changes of grade to avoid the abrupt change of grade at
the apex.

Curves provided in the direction are known as horizontal curves, where as those
provided in the vertical plane to obtain the gradual change in grade are known as
vertical curves. In highways, railways, or canals the curve are provided for
smooth or gradual change in direction due the nature of terrain, cultural features,
or other unavoidable reasons. In highway practice, it is recommended to provide
curves deliberately on straight route to break the monotony in driving on long
straight route to avoid accidents.

The horizontal curve may be a simple circular curve or a compound curve. For a
smooth transition between straight and a curve, a transition or easement curve is
provided. The vertical curves are used to provide a smooth change in direction
taking place in the vertical plane due to change of grade.
CONCLUSION

All the data that had been received was processed to get the shape, the height
and the position of the curves on the plan. To get the best result, its mean to do
well in levelling, detailing, traversing, solar observation, longitudinal and cross
sectioning. This practical just like tacheometry, varieties elements are needed to
build a plan of the road curvatures. The plan is consists of every characteristics
of the curves, the coordinates, and the reduce level. The output of the project is
like a certified plan, the plan that shows the road’s curvature. All the data,levelling
and traversing is acceptable under and over the tolerances. A lot of things we
hadlearned in this practical form the beginning until the end.