PART 1: For questions 26-45, choose the correct answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (10 points) 26. They are a real____ organisation; they are only interested in making a profit as soon as possible. A. devil-may-care_B. fly-by-night CC. open-and-shut D. down-to-earth 27. We should all when advertisers attempt to use unfair practices. A.makeastand B.makeacomeback —C. make amends D. make a deal 28, You can try reformatting your computer, but once you open that ___. you'll probably be working Salt fon diy D. spot of bother 439, A-apple of discord B, can of worms C. load of eobblers Our company has over 100 branches, in a major urban area A. each, teenie B. the lovion oFwbich C. and arclocaed, De ented 30. Mr. Lis. (on Chinese food and customs. A. a distributor B. an authority C. apartisan Da bursar 31. He says he's been investigating my complaint, but I feel he's ust __ A. going with the flow B. going through the motions C. going against the grain D. going along with them 32. Wehad ___ cold winter this year, so our heating bills were very high A. areluctantly —_B. an excessively C.an aimlessly D. a cautiously 33. The delight in treasure finding doesn't always ___ acquiring tremendous amounts of valuables. A. dwell on B. poke around Clay about D. hinge upon 34. __ the strollers can take anothér road. A. Ifneed be B. When it must CC. We might as well D. Come what may 38. When are we going to get rid of all these empty cartons? They've been up the office for weeks now A. buttering B. clutching C. cluttering, D. botching 36. Owning and living in a freestanding house is still a goal of young adults, __earlier generations. Av as did B. as it was of C. like that of D. so have 37. Archaeologists say the city was a_of all American culture during the 1960s. A. microclimate B. mierocopy C. microcosm D. microscope 38, Sam swore that he would ___after he figured out that I had started the rumor about him A.fight shy ofme —B. getevenwithme —C.lieheavyonme run afoul of me 39. Jessica is still ignorant of the fact that she is about to be made redundant, A. blissfully B. decorously C. jubilantly D. ecstatically 40, My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and it all__in my deciding to change jobs A. elaborated B. superseded C. regenerated D. culminated 41, I dont like intellectual novels, serious music or films; my tastes are quite __ A. flat-topped B. lowbrow C. shamefaced D. high-octane 42, Henry kept trying to ___his duties, so his manager told him if he didn’t take responsibility for his work, he would have to leave the company. A.beaveraway ——_B. clam up C. chicken out of D. weasel out of 43. Beinga___ entrepreneur, you will have to make a special effort for people to take you seriously. A. fruiting B. budding C. blossoming D. flowering 44, It’s urgent of the problem immediately ‘A. the personnel manager be informed B. to be informed the personne! manager . the personnel manager is being informed D. informing the personne! manager Page 3 of 1445, Global warming has progressed glaciers everywhere are shrinking ‘A. to0 much an extent that B. to such an extent that . enough an extent that D. so great an extent that PART 2: For questions 46-55, read the following passage and choose the word that best fts each of the blanks. Write your answers on the answer sheet (S points) Itonly (46) the completion of the reconstruction of the human genetic map for a whole host of hereditary diseases to be eradicated. Originally, it was forecast that the venture would take until the beginning of the 21* century to be (47) . At present, itis clear that the task can be finished much earlier. Hundreds of scholars have gone to extremes to help (48) the mystery of the human gene! structure with an ardent hope for (49)__ mankind from disorders such as cancer, cystic fibrosis arthritis. The progress in this incredible undertaking is (50) _by an accurate interpretation of the information involved in the chromosomes forming the trillions of the cells in the human body. Locating, and characterizing every single gene may sound an implausible assignment, but very considerable (81) has already been made. What we know by now is that the hereditary code is assembled in DNA, Some parts of which may be diseased and ($2)__ to the uncontrollable transmission of the damaged code from parents to their children. Whereas work at the completion of the human genome may last for a few years more, notions like gene therapy or genetic engineering don't (53) ‘much surprise any longer. Their potential applicatic has already been (54 in the effective struggle against many viruses or in the genetic treatment of blood disorders. The hopes are, then, that hundreds of maladies that humanity is (55)_with at present might eventually cease to exist in the not too distant future. 46, A. expects B. anticipates C. requires D. remains 47. A. dismantled B. discharged CC. accomplished D. exterminated 48. A. dissolve B, interrogate. C. respond D. unravel 49. A. liberating B. insulating . surviving D. averting, 50. A. dependent B. reliant C. qualified D. conditioned 51. A. headline B. headway C. heading D. headship 52. A. amiable B. conceivable C. conducive D. evocative 53. A. evoke B. institute C. discharge D. encourage 54, A. examined B. inquired C. corroborated D. accounted 55, A. aggravated B. plagued C. persecuted D. teased PART 3: A. For questions 56-60, give the correct form of the words in brackets to complete each of the ‘following sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (5 points) 56. This brochure is generally considered to be the ___guide to Australia. (DEFINE) 57. Liskeard and Callington are basically ___ from here, so it'll take about the same time to get to either of them. (DISTANT) 58. I really believe that it would be a major mistake to any drugs that are currently illegal (CRIME) 59. In the old days, buyers and sellers had to look through hundreds of __each week and go to car Page 4 of 14boot sales at the weekend, (CLASS) 60. William was ready to leave everything behind and start in California, (NEW) B. For questions 61-70, give the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet, (10 points) Atone time, for the (61) (PONDER) _of people needing to make the journey, the only way to travel from Europe to America was by ship, but the days of a (62) (LEISURE) five-day (63) (ATLANTIC) ____ crossing in a large liner have long gone. Today, everything is about speed, and long distance travel has become almost exclusively the business of the airlines. Although air travel is admittedly fast, passengers are still subject to the unexpected (64) (HOLD) which seem to be inherent in any form of travel, but people's reactions to such delays seem to be far more (65) (SEE) than in the days of the great liners. Then, passengers might have shrugged their shoulders (66) (RESIGN) and relaxed with a book in their cabins. knowing that little could be done about the situation, but today’s traveller is more likely to make his (67) (CONTENT) known forcibly to any official who is unfortunate enough to appear on the horizon, It is easy to see why this might be the case since airport lounges are (68) (STANDARD) ___to cope with large numbers of passengers. Small wonder that people's tempers begin to fray and their nerves are (69) (TAX) __ when faced with the prospect of a (70) (SLEEP) ‘overnight stay in what is, after all, no more than a vast public hall PART 4: Think of ONE word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Write your answers on the answer sheet. is an example. (10 points) 0. The police have ‘v0 men with robbery and they will appear in court tomorrow When he realized how late it was, George ‘out of the house and ran down the road to catch the bus. The hotel agreed that it was their mistake and said that I wouldn't be___for the phone calls that appeared on my bill Answer: charged | 71, ‘The Potters drove through the countryside looking for a nice ___ fora pieni When the accident happened, reporters were on the ___within minutes. You can't wear that jumper, there'sa__of paint on the front of it 72. Liam was rather ____with me when we spoke on the phone. I must have done something to offend him. As we'te rather of time, I think we'd better get on to the main point of this meeting straight away. | was angry that they cancelled the arrangement at such ___notice. 73. They watched as the lion ___its teeth into its prey When it finally in that she'd won the championship, she felt able to celebrate properly. My heart when | realized just how difficult the work I'd been given really was. 74, We believe that customers like the personal ___and so we aim to treat them all as individuals. I think there was just a of envy in Michael's comments about my new car. I've tried my hardest to persuade my father to pump his money into my struggling business, but unfortunately, he's no soft 75. Vanessa's students all speak very of her and consider her the best teacher at the college. Page 5 of 14Margaret Michelle, one of the most placed figures in local politics, has made great efforts to alleviate poverty and raise living standard in her hometown. He'ssuch a _____sprung young boy that he easily appearance. gets upset by other people's judgement on his PART 5: For questions 76-85, identify 10 errors in the following passage and get them right. Write your answers on the answer sheet. is an example. (10 points) 0. Line 1: do does Line Passage CARNIVOROUS PLANTS [Alt plants rely on nutrienis taken from the soil in order to survive. However, in areas where the soil da not contain enough vital nutrients, some plants have adapted to supplement thei ets from another source: living organisms. Though they are little in number, carnivorous plants are nonetheless fascinating being that “eat” anything from single-celled organisms insects in order to survive. They are commonly found in marshlands. Camivorous plants Keature one of several types of “traps” to ensnare prey, which they’ consume to bring up for hutrients that may be missing from the soil. While there are over 400 species of carnivorous blants in the world today, some are more prevalent than the other. The most well-known of, these plants are snap traps, including the Venus flytrap. Snap traps are easily identified by their eaves, which are separated into two lobes that have the ability to fold together. Inside he lobes, the surface covers with tiny hairs that are sensitive to movement. When the plant's brey brushes against the hairs, it triggers a closing mechanism that rapidly brings the two, 5 lobes together, trapping the prey securely inside. ‘The response of the traps is phenomenon, in regard to speed: the time between triggering the hairs and snapping shut is less than nd. As the prey struggles inside the trap, it only triggers more hairs, eausing the leave Jo tight their grip. The plant then secretes liquid chemicals from special glands into the ta 0 dissolve the prey and absorb all of their nutrients. Apart from the Venus flytrap, only on ype of snap trap exists today, referred to as the waterwheel plant. The two share a common, cestor and distinguish only ina few ways, For instance, the waterwheel is an aquati plant while the flytrap is exclusively terrestrial. In addition, the flytrap feeds primarily with arthropods like spiders, while the waterwheel lives off simple invertebrates, like certain ypes of plankton, PART 6: For questions 86-95, complete each sentence with one idiom createdfrom a word or phrase in column A with that in column B. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (10 points) A B from the bottom of asa bolt habit the dogs the| from cut ladder devil's advocate! ‘went to pull out a good a fine figure the blue in risking the mouth | Page 6 of 14all the a creature of playing look a mixer your nec sift horse stops 86. This local firm of accountant affer the new management had taken over. 87. My sister goes to bed at exactly 7.30 every night; she's 8. Sophie's confident and interested in meeting different kinds of people. She's__ 89. You'll be ___ if you swim down the river without any assistance. 90. "Don't you think Ann ___at the anniversary ball?" - "That's right, she did look gorgeous in her white dress.” 91. I don't really like the stockings my parents gave me for Christmas. But, as they say, never _ 92. ‘There isn't much we can do to lift ourselves__. Our earings are low and the taxes are heavy. 93. ‘The news of the plane crash came toall of us, especially because our relatives were on board. 94. don't think she disagreed with you. She was just ___ because she enjoys arguing for the sake of it. 95. We'll have to ___to get the show ready on time. TIL, READING (50 points) PART 1: Read the text below and think of ONE word which best fits each space from 96 t0 10S. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (10 points) LONDON’S BLACK CABS Black cabs, officially known as Hackney Carriages, are synonymous with London and are special for a ‘number of reasons. For a start, they are the only taxis in the city that can be hailed from the kerb with a raised hand signal to get the driver's attention, Currently, it is estimated that there are 20,000 black cabs (96) _~_ thereabouts on the capital's streets. Their origin, in fact, can be (97) back to the name “Hackney Carriage’ said to derive from the French word haquenée referring to the type of horse used to pull the carriages in the days of horse-drawn carriages. The first horse-drawn Hackney coaches appeared on London's streets in the 17 century during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. As transport developed and motor ears were (98)___vogue, motor eabs replaced the horse-drawn carriages. Since the end of the 19" century, various car manufacturers’ vehicles have been used as motor cabs (99) ___ it was not until the mid-20” century that the cabs we have been (100) stranger to over the last decades first appeared. Itis such a realisation of becoming a black cab driver in London and it is no mean feat. If you want to gain this honour, you will (101) to have passed the infamous test known as “the Knowledge’ which was first introduced in 1851 following hordes of complaints by passengers (102) cab rivers got lost. This incredibly difficult test can take around three or four years to prepare for and you ccan often catch a(103) ___of those drivers who are doing just this zipping around London on their mopeds, with a map fastened to a clipboard on their handlebars. These people are essentially trying not ‘only to master the 25,000 or so streets within a six-mile radius of Charing Cross, but also to work out the most direct routes from place to place. They must know thousands of "points of (104) " such 1s hotels, hospitals, places of worship, theatres, stations, sports and leisure facilities, to name but a few, Practically everywhere and anywhere that a potential passenger would wish to be taken to or from must bbe known, so a nodding acquaintance, for a black cab driver, is beyond (108) pale and perhaps this is the most difficult part, knowing the quickest way to get from one place to another. Little wonder ‘0 few people are successful. PART 2: For questions 106-118, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (13 points) Page 7 of 14E-TRAINING E-learning is the unifying term to describe the fields of online learning, web-based training, and technology-delivered instruction, which can be a gfeatbEneMt to corporate e-learning. IBM, for instance, claims that the institution of its e-training program, BASIGIBIUE, whose purpose is to train new managers, savedthe companywinythe:ranzevof\S200miltion (1999. Cutting the travel expenses required to bring employees and instructors to a central classroom accounts forthe lion's share of the savings. With an online course, employees can learn from any Internet-connected PC, anywhere in the world. Ernest and Young reduced training costs by 35 percent while improving consistency and scalability. 1. By abn Rey postive connie eis er ages och > nein standardized delivery, self-paced learning, and a variety of available content, have made 278 ‘@high—prioritysformanyicorporations; E-learning is widely believed to offer MENIBIe “any time, any place” leaning. The claim for “any place” is valid in principle and is a great development. Many people can engage with rich learning materials that simply were not possible in a paper or broadcast distance leaming era, For teaching specific information and skills, e-training holds great promise. It can be especially effective at helping employees prepare for IT certification programs. E-learning also seems to effectively address topics such as sexual harassment education, safety training and - all areas where a clear set of objectives can be identified. Ultimately, training experts recommend a “blended” approach that combines both online and instruction requires. E-learning is not an end-all solution. But if it helps decrease costs and windowless classrooms filled with snoring students, it definitely has its advantages. C. Much of the discussion about implementing e-learning has focused on the technology, but as Driscoll and others have reminded us, e-learning is not just about the technology factors. As any capable manager knows, teaching employees new skills is ertieal to a smoothly run business, Having said that, however, the traditional route of classroom instruction runs the risk of being expensive, slow and, oftentimes, ineffective. Perhaps the classroom's greatest disadvantage is the fact that it takes employees out of their jobs. Every minute an employee is sitting in a classroom training session is a minute they're not out on the floor working. It now looks as if there is a way to circumvent these traditional training drawbacks. ’E-training promises more effective (a€hiig by integrating audio, video, animation, text and interactive materials with the intent of teaching each student at his or her own pace. In addition to SEEDERS there are other immediate benefits to students such as increased time on task, higher levels of motivation, and reduced test anxiety for many learners. A California State University Northridge study reported that e-leamers performed 20 percent better than traditional leamers. Nelson reported a significant difference between the mean grades of 406 university students eamed in traditional and distance education classes, where the distance learners outperformed the traditional learners. ‘management trainin; person training as the but also many human D. On the other hand, >. E-training service providers, ‘on the average, charge from $10,000 to $60,000 to develop one hour of online instruction. This price varies depending on the complexity of the training topic and the media used. HTML pages are alittle cheaper to develop while streaming-videos, presentations or flash animations ‘cost more. Course just the starting place for cost. A complete e-learning solution also includes the t8ehniGlOgy platform (the computers, applications and network connections that are used to deliver the courses). ‘This technology platform, known as a learning management system (LMS), can either be installed onsite or outsourced. Add to that cost the necessary investments in network bandwidth to deliver ‘multimedia courses, and you're left holding one heck of a bill. For the LMS infrastructure and a dozen or so online courses, Gen op/SS00,000 theese. These kinds of costs mean that content Page 8 of 14‘custom e-training is, for the time being, an option only for large organizations. For those companies that have a large enough staff, the e-training concept pays for itself. Aware of this fact, large companies are investing heavily in online training. Today, over half of the 400-plus courses that Rockwell Collins offers are delivered instantly to its clients in an e-learning format, a change that has reduced its annual training costs by 40%. Many other success stories exist. ly. For one thing, banchwidith lintitations are Furthermore, e-training isn’t suited to every still an issue in mode of instruction or topic. For instance, it’s rather {eains. If your company has a SeapEee itwould be difficult to convey that to frsttime ‘employees through a computer monitor. Group training sessions are more ideal for these purposes. In addition, there is a perceived loss of research time because of the work involved in developing and teaching online classes. Professor Wallin estimated that it required between 500 and 1,000 that is, Wallin-hours, to of currency and usefulness, (Distance learning instructors often need technical skills, no matter how advanced the courseware system.) That amounts to between a quarter and half of person-year. Finally, teaching ‘materials require computer literacy and access to equipment. Any e-learning system involves basie equipment and a minimum level of computer knowledge in order to perform the tasks required by the system. A student that does not possess these skills, or have access to these tools, cannot succeed inan e-learning program. While few people debate the obvious advantages of e-leaming, systematic research is needed to confirm that learners are actually acquiring and using the skills that are being taught online, and that e-leaming is the best way to achieve the outcomes in a corporate environment. Nowadays, @ go- between style of the Blended leamnini, which refers to a It combines traditional face-to-face classroom methods with more modem computer-mediated activities. According to its proponents, the strategy creates a more integrated approach for both instructors and learners. Formerly. technology-based materials played a suppor role to face-to-face instruction. _ important, Questions 106-111 The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list below. Write the correct number i-xi in boxes 106-111 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i. Overview of the Benefits OF HEBBBIEION of e-training IBM’s successful choice of training Future diretion anda new style of teaching Learners’ and advanced teaching Mattias) v when e-training compares with traditional class Multimedia over the Internet can be a solution [eology canbe a huge finan burden The distance learners outperformed the traditional university learners worldwide Other advantages besides ée6nomieé consideration X. Training offered to help people learn using computers 106. Paragraph Aj 107. Paragraph Bix, 108, Paragraph \, 109. Paragraph D = V\N Page 9of 4110. Paragraph EV. 111, Paragraph Fo 4 Fhe reading pase ‘Passage has seven paragraphs A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letters A-F, in boxes 112-115 on your answer sheet. ‘A112. Projected Basic Blue in IBM achieved a great success. ¥5 113. E-learning wins as a pEIOHIIG for many 114, The combination of the traditional and e-training environments may RSW () 115. Example of a @SESIESFORIOEINERY for a Questions 116-118 Choose THREE correct letters (A-E) which show the correct information in the pasvage. Write the correct leters in box 116-118 (in any order) on your answer sheet A. Technical facilities are hardly obtained. Presi ail ve ha Ine rented ue ‘bandwidth limit, Iti 8 imparing «angus corre vale to fesempiyee, D. Employees need block a long time leaving their position attending training. CE) More:preparation time is needed to Keep he course atliesuitable level, PART 3: You are going to read an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. For questions 119-125, choose from the paragraphs, A-H, the one which fits each gap. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers on the answer sheet. (7points) HELP GUIDE US THROUGH THE UNIVERSE Sir Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal, launches this year's Young Science Writer competition. Ifyou ask scientists what they're doing, the answer won't be “Finding the origin of the universe’, “Seeking the cure for eancer’ or suchlike. It will involve something very specialised, a small piece of the jigsaw that builds up the big picture. 119. ] ‘So, unless they are cranks or geniuses, scientists don't shoot directly for a grand goal - they focus on bite- sized problems that seem timely and tractable. But this strategy (though prudent) carries an occupational risk: they may forget they're wearing blinkers and fail to see their own work in its proper perspective. 120. ] would personally derive far less satisfaction from my research ifit interested only few other academics. But presenting one's work to non-socialists isn't easy. We scientists often do it badly, although the experience helps us to see our work in a broader context. Journalists can do it better, and their efforts can put a key discovery in perspective, converting an arcane paper published in an obscure journal into a tale that can inspire others. 121 ] ‘On such occasions, people often raise general concems about the way science is going and the impact it may have; they wonder whether taxpayers get value for money from the research they support. More intellectual audiences wonder about the basic nature of science: how objective can we be? And how creative? Is science genuinely a progressive enterprise? What are its limits and are we anywhere near them? It is hard to explain, in simple language, even a scientific concept that you understand well. My own (not always effective) attempts have deepened my respect for science reporters, who have to assimilate quickly, with a looming deadline, a topic they may be quite unfamiliar with. 12. Page 10 ofIt's unusual for science to earn newspaper headlines. Coverage that has to be restricted to crisp newsworthy breakthroughs in any case distorts dhe way science develops. Scientific advances are usually gradual and cumulative, and better suited to feature articles, or documentaries - or even books, for which the latent demand is surprisingly strong. For example, millions bought 4 Brief History of Time, which caught the Public imagination, 123. Nevertheless, serious books do find a ready market. That's the good news for anyone who wants to enter this competition. But books on pyramidology, visitations by aliens, and suchlike do even better: a symptom of a fascination with the paranormal and “New Age' concepts. It is depressing that these are often featured uncritically in the media, distracting attention from more genuine advances. 124 - ] Most scientists are quite ordinary, and their lives unremarkable. But occasionally they exemplify the link between genius and madness; these ‘eccentrics’ are more enticing biographees. 125, ‘There seems, gratifyingly, to be no single “formula’ for seience writing - many themes are still under- exploited. Turning out even 700 words seems a daunting task if you're faced with a clean sheet of paper ora blank screen, but less so if you have done enough reading and interviewing on a subject to become pired. For research students who enter the competition, science (and how you do it) is probably more teresting than personal autobiography. But if in later life, you become both brilliant and crazy, y hope that someone else writes a best-seller about you. ‘A However, over-sensational claims are a hazard for them. Some researchers themselves *hype up’ new discoveries to attract press interest. Maybe it matters little what people believe about Darwinism oF cosmology. But we should be more concerned that misleading or over-confident claims on any topic of practical import don't gain wide currency. Hopes of miracle cures ean be raised: risks can be either exaggerated, or else glossed over for commercial pressures. Science popularisers - perhaps even those ‘who enter this competition - have to be as sceptical of some scientific claims as journalists routinely are of politicians B Despite this, there's a tendency in recent science writing to be chatty, laced with gossip and biographical detail. But are scientists as interesting as their science? The lives of Albert Einstein and Richard Feyman are of interest, but is that true of the routine practitioner? C Two mathematicians have been treated as such in recent books: Paul Erdos, the obsessive itinerant Hungarian (who deseribed himself as ‘a machine for turning coffee into theorems’) and John Nash, a pioneer of game theory, who resurfaced in his sixties, alter 30 years of insanity, to receive a Nobel Prize. D For example, the American physicist Robert Wilson spent months carrying out meticulous measurements with a microwave antenna which eventually revealed the ‘afterglow of creation’ - the “echo' of the Big Bang with which our universe began. Wilson was one of the rare scientists with the Juck and talent to make a really great discovery, but afterwards he acknowledged that its importance It was with 2 ‘on the contract of employment. 147. Coming second didn't make her feel any better because she only wanted to Win, consolation ~> Coming second... 148, We're doubtful that this plan is very realistic reservations >We... : 149, Eventually, Mark admitted that he was responsible for the ertor owned ~> Eventually, it so 180, ‘There came a time when I completely ran out of patience. stage was all that mattered to her. .- tealistic this plan is, been responsible for the error. . No more patience left (51. Nobody knows why Frank made such an extraordinary decision, prompted => Nobody knows. 52. The spokesman said tha the story was pure speculation dismissed > The story 43, Presumably you'e sill interested in travelling this summer. lost > Take 154, The manager praised one particular player. singled > One particular player 155. My brother did not suffer from his experience none My brother. a decision. . than speculation by the spokesman. travelling this summer. praise by the manager. for his experience. The diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. Page 16 ofHydroelectric power station Reversible turbines. Day: operate generator Night: pump water into high-level reservoir PART 3: (25 points) Write an essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to cooperate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Ho va ten thi sinh: So bao danh: ‘Can bo coi thi so 1: Can bo coi thi so 2: Page 17 of