KTO NPABMT HAMH: NcMxonorua ynpasnenues apt. M.Wepctnés WEPCTHEB M.n. Kro npaBvT HaMH: .NCMxXONOrMA ynpaBneHueR — M.: «Pycckaa Npagaar, 2003 — 240 crtp.: Mngexc ANP: 42784 PaCCMOTPCHbI 3THO-HANHOHAMbHLIC BSABMOOTHOMICHHA Pas- AM MHbIX COUMATIEHO-TICHXOMOFHYOCKHX KNACCOB: JNOMIICHOB, Ha- poga 4 anuTel. (pocnemenbl 3aKOHOMepHOCTH MUpHOrO Cocy- WECTBOBAKHA SAWTSI C HAPOAOM 4 NOCTORHNOS GopLOes anuTET aporua momnenos, Mokasana Ta +acTs npassuwero Knacca, Ha- SbIBACMAA HCTHHHOH ANKTOH, KOTOpaR co3zgaéT ycnosHA mpo- “eeravua yipasnaemMos# nonynsunn. fIcegqoanuTa npeacTas- 49eT CO608 spaxAeOHYIO HAPOAY 4aCTb INT, aKCHAyaTHpyIo- wiylo Hapoa MH BenyuLyIO ero K rHGenn. Alia dunocogos, reopetukos w mpakTuxos ynpasne- Hua, a Take wupoKoro Kpyra wuTaTencH, P@KOMEHAOBAHO AIF H3Y4CHHA CTYACHTAM SICHXOIOFH- YeCKHX MH Ounocod@cKux daxynererog, a raw«xe crysex- Tam MeAHYUHHCKHX yueOHbIxX 3aRegeHut. Per. ce. cepuu MM Ne 77-5215 of 21.08.2000 r. Yupegutens A.M.Apatoe M.f.Wepcrtnés, astop © «Pycckas NMpasga» OTAABAEHHE Crp. MOeQMeROBNey..c 4462 Fe BT ERAGE eee eS Beenenve .... ais] 1 ens ee [nasa 1. Knaccosoe ‘o6uecTao a sa usa iG an aay Shae as Oe 1.1, Dopmanugospanuble Knacch}. © CROCE 5 tt oR e RA REET mae 1.3. Nopoapi 4enosexa. . . . . a a, » AS 1.4, CounanbHo-1 newxonormueckne KNAGOR ss se ev 2 [napa 2. feHetuka snutapHoct’ .......... 29 2.1. PeneTwyeckue OCHOBbI 3nuTapHocTM . . . . . . 29 2.2, MexanutTapHble TeHeETMYeCKHe Nepexopbl. . . - 34 23. OT600 = « = « % x » 38 2.4. DopmanusoBaHHbie MexaNUTADHBIE nepexonti . 44 Fnapa 3. JiomneHbt . . . . m3 ee ae 3.1. SnutapHeie xapakTepuctHKH 5 miomneHow .... 48 3.2. Mevxonoro-mmMpoBosspeHyeckve xapakTepucTuku 55 3.3. Tunbi moMneHoB. . . . . fan wage a (Gf 3.4. Mextunosbie nepexofbl miomneHos This, Eeewee lod [napa 4. Hapon... - cexvx eo BF 4.1, Snutapupie xapaxtepuctukn Hapona . ease e Or 4.2, Ncvxonoro-mupoBosspeH4eckie XxapakTePUCTUKH 7 1 4.3. Dynmumu Hapoga; sc ee ee TA 4.4. McesgoHapow....... Jae Sse abe [napa5.3nuta.... Pena = « 86 5.1. Snurapupie xapakTepucTitKn anit «oe « oe = BS 5.2. Ncuxonoro-mM“vpoBosspeHyeckne KAPAKTOPMCTUKM. 6. ce ee ee ee BO 5.3. DyHkuMM onuTbl. ©. ee 8 54 THIBLSUMT ee a ee ee eR ESR SR SE fnasa 6. Mceanoonmta.. . 2... ee ee ee 108 6.1. Xapaktepuctuka nGesaoanntel Peeagpaw (8 6.2. CoumanbHbll4 yposeHb ynpasneHua NCCBQOSAMTH, 3 x ee FR ER ee Se ee TH6.3. PesepsHbie yposxu ynpagneHua nceagosnuthl. 6.4. NcesgosnutapHoe perpeccneHoe ynpasnenve. [nasa 7. Wages KoMMyHMama. 7.1, OCHOBbI KOMMYHM3Ma . 7.2. Mapkcu3n . St 7.3. PeanbHblii KOMMYHitaM F a‘ 7.4, Nepcnextuepi KOMMYHICTH4eCKOrO ABIKeHKA _ [napa 8. Knaccosaa Gopboa. 8.1. Xapaktepuctukn knaccoBol 6opb6s! 8.2. Bops6a anutbi npotB momneHos . 8.3. Bopb6a niomnenos . P 8.4. Nepcnektveb! knaccoBoh 6opb6t [napa 9. KceHosnwta . ag oa 9.1. Teononutuka. . . . ares 9.2. BHytTpexHaa KeeHoanta oe 9.3. MurpaumoHHas KceHosnnta. 9.4, QnvtapHbilt 3axBaT enact . shah a) [naga 10. Bnactenubimupa...... 2... 10.1. Eepeusce6e.........005 10.2. Espeiickan anactb ... . 10.3. Espen 8 Poccun 10.4. Espeiicko-pocculickui npaesui « enace . [napa 11. Jloktpyta BbbxuBaHiia HAMM. . 11.1. CamocosepweHcTsoBaHie Haun 11.2. Apeonorua HauMOHanbHo- ocBoSonuTenbHoro: OewKeHWA. . . . ue 11.3. Metogpi { HaljiOHaneho-oceobonitrenbHol 6oppbpr . 11.4, MexayHaponHeie oTHoweHna SAKNONEHHE. 2 ee ee nee Jlutepatypa 118 124 127 127 131 136 141 146 146 150 164 167 171 171 V7 179 182 189 190 195 201 210 213 | 213 . 218 . 228 227 . 233 . 234 TIPEAHCAOBHE Tlo ofsbipam Ha NpesbUyulte pa6orbl sHaio, HeKOTOpble WITa- TEAM HeOBO/IbHbI CEKCVADHO-HHTHMHBIMM CHEHAMH B ONHCAHH- AX dputocodeKux ell. Taxke10 NpHXOANTCA BbICOKOHPaBeTBeH- HIM JO/aM, A 4TO HoxetaTb? Komy ceiivac aerko? A tioniMaio HX Ht PEKOMCHLY10 CeKC-MecTa UHTATb ¢ 3aKPbITbIMH TasaMH. Oc- bHDIM OObACHAIO, COKCYAMMSAUA NOCTYAATOR sBLIETCH JIM Te- paTypHbIM TpHéMOM, KoTOpbIli NosBOHeT AaBTOPY ZacTaBHTb yB- sleupes' cyryGo HaY4HbIM TeEKCTOM TpasKAaH, HHKOra panee B OKUSHH He JlepoKaBILM B pyKax Jane raserbi. Haro, Kaiocb, /aér MH YAOBONBCTBHE CONOCTABHMOe PasBe TONDKO YTO C TeM 3Ke caMbIM CEKCYQIbHBIM, 1¥ 2Ke Halo YYUTHIBAT, YTO KHMTH aBTOpa KOMMepye- HAYHT, OHM JOJDKHbI GbiTh peaHsosatibl. /T060i1 pobyitre uposare xord Gbi opm TOM coumHeHuit KjaccHKOB MapKcH3Ma-sleHHHH3Ma. C cekcom u 6e3. Bor torga noroBopHim o Hem, © J0GHMOM. Kakom xoTHTe: GanaJ/IbHOM, OpaAbHOM, BHPTY@QJIbHOM H JwKe KOCMHYECKOM. Atop 62laroslapHT Bcex, KTO MOMOra] BKHSHH H NailHcaliH KHUTH, KTO MpOHSBeN HeHsriaqHMoe preyaT/eHHe CBOHMH M0- cTyNKaMH Me noyyepaccoii: B.B.Actaxopa, B.IM.Bacipena, C.A.Tpuroptesa, B.H.Emespanona, JIT.Epom«niy, C1. 2Xe- aouxnny Cypoxy. Bacnyeny), T.M-Kononaroza, H.H.Kocoby- xo, E.B.Kysnenosy, J.C.Ocopruna, H.B.CaGenbrnxora, B.H.Cepérnua, 6.5. Topramosa, A.A.Yeppakona, 1H.B.Weper- uény Cy pox. Manpimesy) u, Koneuno xe, J[., noromy “To Be- Jukas Tata ecTb B STOM YeNOReKe, a TaKKe BceX, KeM Gbul JHOOUM. ABTOp BbIPAxXaeT MPHSHATEABHOCTL PYKOBO, BCeX paHroB, 3HAKOMCTBEHHOE HaGMO/eHHe 3a CAT KOTOpBIX 4acTHYHO serio B ocHOBY KHurH: O.A.Asus0Boli, 10. A.Baajuimupony, I. H. KaeGanosy, JO.M_Jlonyxuny, M.H.Monogenxosy, B.H.Hoso,wopexoii, —_ [1 P. [onosnyy, T.E.4epunkosy. bHOCThIOOcobeutto xouy omMemunty axmuenocms usdamean Moux mpydos —- zAaénozo pedaxmopa Beepoccuticxoti Hadameavcxoit zpynnet . B Hacrosuteli paGore NOABITORUBAOTCA YNIPABNEHYECKHE BOSLCHICTBHA Ha TOMYy1s- MMOHHOM YPOBHE B COBOKYTIHOCTH ¢ TeHeTHKO-NCHXOMOrMYeCKHM KOJOM OTEABHOTO HHAMBHJLAa H OGbACHALOTCA LpHHILNMb! yiIpaB- ACHHA JHOALMH OT AIOGBU B HOCTeN JO BAeHHA MUpoM. KTo Halt BOXKAM, YO OHM 3a JOM H Mem OTaAHualorca oT Hac? Koro Ham pbiGparb Ha TOSMMIa XAKAYULUX HaMM yTIpaB- Aatb—Bor B 4émM Bormpoc. Komy orfatnea c pajlocTbio H xKesa- HHeM, a OT KOrO GexaTb 110 BOSMOXKHOCTH jwIbUe H GbICTpee? A MOKEeT NYU KE H IpPHCTpe Th? B npenpiiywwix KHMrax aBrop Bcex, Ha Neppplii Bara, ApyxKuo pyraer. Keraru, paby/ibHo jestaet. Ho ecan upicmor- PeTbCA BHHMATebHO, ABTOP pyraeT He OFyJbHO, a TO/bKO JOM- nevon. Mirepecno, a KTO TaKHe STH JIOMIeHBI, Tak OGoxaeMbIE agropom? V1 & MpHHIWine, ectb JIM JOH, Koro aBTop Moker noxpasiuTb? Kak uit crpanno, ectb. Kro oun? Tonpo6yem paso6patics BO BCeX STHX BOHpocax. Taapa 1. KAACCOBOE OBIJECTBO C fpesnnx Bpemén yesropeyeckoe OGILECTBO B JABHCHMOCTH OF BOSMOXKHOETCH YUPABAATh APYCHMI AOADMH {eNO CeGA Ha Kalaccpl. Uro mpesicranisior H3 CeO# 9TH Kaacebl M Kae OHI 6pipaior? 1. 1. DopMaAH30BaHHbie KAaCCbIi 1. 1. 1. YnpaBaenyeckuii KputTepHit KAaCCOBOH CTpaTH@uKayun Bor ona crout 6e3 WOK MH CMYLCHHO TIpHKpbiBaeT pyKaMn BEPXIIOIG YaCTh OGHAKEXHOFO Tea TOs, HasBallHeM ¢ yd. Toa KO ryGpt oeTbl B TOKE OH MOMAJLbI. Heseposi 10, HO aseK- cunekad {eByllKa coyetaer B cee TLEIOM YJIPHE i/la HW pas- Bpatnocrs nocryikos. Mopouiaa HeBHHocTh. Boxe-2« Thi oii! Jlalive, naiire efi noynpapaath! Mave ypy. 11 sean yaupaior, KTO He YMeeT STOO /eaTb. Uro me Tora MpescTansser ua ce6a sarajlouoe yipaBlenne, KoTopoe ciacacr KUSH mom? Myris ynpapiennsa ce6e no_oGiHiMn ABAAeTCA yuBEp- Ca/lbHbIM 3aKOHOM MpHpoOslpl. JlioGaa “enopeyeckan HOTTY TATA COCTOHT H3 HepaBHbIX MO OTHOMICHHIO K YipaBy H4ec Koll cbynK- Qu Ppynn JHO/ten. Beerjta Oban, ecTb WH BEYHO: 6yAyT re, KTO Hpapit, "Te, KTO HM MouMHNAe TCA. Onn A0KHbI VilpaBlAaTb, jpyrue — paGorarp. Touemy? Beakan ACATELHOCTL COCTOHT H3 ABYX KOMITOHCHT yopap- wena nw ncnosenia. B npowecce KOJAeKTHBHOPO Tpy la, KOrta NOABJIACTCA BOSMOIKHOCTh KOHIEHTPUpOBaHtA BHHMaHHA OT- JG@JIbHbIX JOJeH TObKO Ha YpaBCHHH HI TOALKO Ha HCHO- HeEHHM, MpOHcxXouT (pynkunonas Hoe paseeHHe aTHx JBYX KOMITOHCHT C nepeonndpukaineli B YIPABAAIOULAX HW HCNOJIHNTe- Tponcxoanr passleienhe Ha TeX, KTO [paBHT, HW TeX, KTO HLOJWMHHACTCA, seit.Pasjenenue VOpaBAeCHHA HM HCHOAHEHHA [0 pasHbiM cy6nek- TaM IpecrassxneT coGoii OcHOBY BaaHMOsefCTBUA XKIBbIX opra- HHSMOB BCeX BHLOB. HeoGxoguMocrs pasqenenus jByx pyHKnii Hip KOAMEKTHBHOM AeATeAbHOCTH jUKTYeTCA caMoOii UpHpo,oii CYIMECTROBANHA YesOBeyecKuX ObpeLMHeHHH. Ecut nee nanny YupaplAth, GyJer paspyxa, eca Bee HawHyT pa6orarb, Gyyer xaoc, Tostomy so6oe o6ujecrBo nosipaskenserest Ha {Ba cbopmain- 30BaHHBIX K/lacca’ npdeauutt xaace (aauma) H BCe OCTAJIbHbIE, B MPpOCTOPeC4HH HasbiBaeMble uapodom, HAW tlo-Hay4HoMy — KAdc- coM uchoAnumened. VL He BaxKHO, Kakad nipw arom o6iyecr- BeHHO-lomHTHNeckasd chopMauMsi: clan oGeabaH, cBeTsIOe 6yny- mee Beero MeNOBeMecTRa, KaITAJM3M MJ NOCTHRAYeTpHatb- Hill, IIpOCTHTe 3a BbIPAxXeHMe, KOHOMHNNYM. B neppom npuGmmKennn Kpome MpaBAllero Kaacca mW Ksacca HcnowHHtesell HN4ero Gonbile B HIpHpose He cyutecrByer. Bcé OcTalbHoe — HaslyMaHtoe NpocpaitpyiOuwuMH MapKcucraMn. 1. 1. 2. ABoficrBennocts ynpaBAenueckoit yHKoHH Yupaprenieckan cbynkuna KOJWICKTHBHON leATeENBHOCTH uMeet ABolicrbenibii Xapaktep. Ona cocrout H3: a) cobcrReHno pyHKuM ynpapaenna, u G6) Marepuatpiioro eé HocHTens. CoGcrsenno (ynkiuia yrnpaprenusn oOpenMHennams sosell Npeactapaser co6oii teopermueckuit, Haeanpubili acneKr ynpaB- Jenna. Ito HpaBita VUpaBeHHA OTACAbHbIMH JUOJIbMH HX kozextupamn [[[lepcernés M.I1., 1998; 1999; Berne E., 1966). Ho aro emé ne Beé. Yupapsexne coxnoli cuctemoll, Ko Topoii aBlaeTeCA oGbemIHeHHe Mosel, Tpe6yet ocobolt euxosorMn, OCHOBbIBAIOWMeliCa Ha a6cTpakTHOM MbIIIICHHH. Icuxosorun, cniocoGuoli MAANMPOBATH, OCVIMECTBAST H NPOrHOsupoBarh He- AMHCHHbIC MpOlecch! VIlpaBJleHHa. Haupumep, éa 3a 6ytbiikoli, ypasazica 3a w6koll. A Kak He YBAsaTbeA, CCAH Ola nner Hi PasMaXHBaeT CHATBIMH C ce6a Tpycukamu. Ilocae a6erpakrHoro pasMBIeHiA oKasanes c 8 ¢puanxoli B uocrenH, UyTe nomen — poswuics peGéuox. B KavecTBe GeclaTHOTO TIpHAOKeHHA NoABHJach Tema. A BCE NOTOMY, "TO He 3a/la1 BONpOC: 3a4eM olla TpycaMit-TO pasMaxH- saer? Moayynsica rakoii Hesmuelinolii mpouece ynpansenna, ¥ro Ayunte Gb TpesBeHHHKOM jloMa cnet. Tem 6oee, 4TO ‘Tenepb MPH Télle B poT Kalan He Gepér. Jloynpansasica. He Gepucb ne 3a cBoé Jeo. Teuxonorna, cnoco6uas ocyutectBaath cpyi HHA, BOLLIOUeHa B eG MaTepHaAbHOM HOCHTEe KoTOpbiii cnocoGen yIpaB/LATh APYTUMH JO/bMH, T.e. B yUpaR- aenie. Jin HopMasAbHoro yupabaenia rpyniioll woseii HeEo6xo.HMO HCHXO-PHsHOAOTHYeCKoOe COOTRETCTBHe Yipablenia Yipaben- weckoll (pyHKUHH. Dro reveTH4eckad MpespachoNOkenHocTd K yopaBlenHio, Kora y YacTH JO/ei UMeetcs BpOA EHNA Cro COGHOCT BHINONNATS yipaBaenueckne onepanint. JlomkKHbI poxK- AATheA JOM, KOTOPbIe [lo HX TIpHpOe, lO COCTOAHINO IICHXHKH oGAaqaior CHOCOGHOCTHIO YIpaBAATS APYTUMH MO/[bMH. STH fapom oGmaqawr He Bee. He wce sogH cnoco6nbl K YipaBlenHio H, ecTecTReHHO, HE BCe OHH BXO/AT B MpaBaultii Kjacc, PaaylerenHe na cpopMasMsonatinpie yupapjienieckie KMACChI OCHOBBIBAETCA Ha MCHXO-cpUSHOJIOFHYeCKOM HepaBeHncrse moneli [epernés M.II., 1998], mposBasionemes B jaHHom cayyae B pasioli HX CHOCOGHOCTH OCyIecTBIITh yiIpaBllenne. Tloatomy ocHopiiaA Macca HOIYARWNH Jeleripyet CBOH TO. HOMOYNA YipabieHna co6oii ipapallteMy Klaccy, IpescTaBHTeAM KOTOpOrO HMeIOT COOTBETCTBYIOULYIO renerHKy. BosnuKaer coio3 corpyaHMuaomnx Kiaccos. Hapog, y KoTopero Her cuoco6- HocTeli YpaBAATb, a ECTb TOABKO cllocoGHOcTH paGoTaTh, Kak Opt WaHHMaer wWpocbeccHoHaTbHbIX yupaBaenies 3 TpaBsnlero Klacca Ho oWarHT HM 3apiary lecpexcrBoM NavioreB Wl HpHBHerHit. Xorsi croponvemy HaGuojaTen0 WHOrla KakeTca, "TO ATH HAOrH MpaBHTeH CHAO BEIGHBAIOT napoya. Ho aro He HpuiHlHt, a HeKONeHHe, KOTOpoe 6yer paccmarpubarbcs B LUMO VilpaBie~ ~ B ¥eslOReKe, 9raapax 4 (o ucengonapoae) u 6 (o ucessoasnte). Heenaonapos He XOYET MATHTS HAOFH, & NCeBAOAAUTA C/LMPaeT MOCACAIOIO WIKYPY ¢ KadKOPO MPOXO/LAILeTO MIMO. Camoopranisaiyist Se1OBeNCCKHX CHCTeM CBAgAHA CTEM, YTOB Kaxkaoli Nonyaal cpasy %Ke BbyeweTca asMTapubtt coi. upapsiiero Kacea B Heli coeTapldeT TIpHMepHo 10-20 %. B npHriuie arore KOJMMeCTBa JecTaTONNo [UIA YIMpaB- JH JHOGBIM OGbequHeHHes Joel. B coppemeniom o6ilecTBe B upanauidi Kaace BxouT Ao 30-40 % Hacenenia. Dre yRKasbi- pacT Ha HepallWOHabHocTh YIpABeHMs, HPHCVTCTBHE B Tipabsl- eM Ce AMMLANX Jo,teii. Takum oGpasom, 6B Jl0Gom YesroBerecKoM oGpe,/HeHHH HpoMexogut passereHne sojeii Ha be TpyTIIb!, Ha {Ba KuTaeca: a) npapauutli Knace — Kaace yupaBasiOux, BANTY, We 6) Kaace Henosmutestell — nosMHsHONAxXcA, Hapos. Virrepecuo, a B 4éM 9ke saksiouaerca HMMAHeHTHOe pas/uit Mexksty al Toll H HaposloM? 1. 2. DauTrapHocTb Moxer 6nitb, auuiry of Haposa oTanuaer ym? Her. HH aanta, i Hapoa, — Bee ymibie. Tak YeM 2ke ON pasmimalorca? B ocHowe slenenus oGuecrBa Ha mpapaugiii Kacc (gantry) Wo Klace Hcnoanresielt Giapon) AeKNT conta! O-TICHXO/OTHYeECKHH KpHTepHii, nasbipaembili aawmnaprocmeio. 1. 2. 1, OmpeaeAenne 3AnTapHOCTH Oaumapuocms ~ aTO CHOCOGHOCTh YeOBEKA K OTBCTCTBCH- HOMY NpOrHoaHporaniio pesy/ETatow MpMNATHA yUpaBleHyec- KHX pelienuit. OrpereTBeHHoe MporHosHpoRanhe MpescTaBIAeT coGoli 1po- rHOSHpoBanie OMepaTopoM ONTHMAIbHOrO CYULeCTBOBAHHA H agentrpnoll jeatembHocTH y pabyiaemMoro OGbeKTa pH CO6/I0- opHil OTBETCTBCHHOCTH Hepes, YIPaBsemoill Morya 1 nonyzsunei, « KoTopoil jatibii MHNBH A TIpHHas- 10 ACHHT. TloupasyMenaetca BXOOKEHHE HHJUIBH JL B HOLLY JULHO WIbKO KaK PYKOBOJUTEJH, HOM Kak O/{HOrO 113 CC aleMeHTOB. DanrapiocTh (popmupyerch no AelicrBuem —jAyXOBHbIX yenoBeka, O6YCAOBINBAIONIX ero orBercr- BeHHOcTh mepest oGuectBoM [Aparos A.M., 1998; Tereap [.B., 1975; [epernés M.IL., 1999]. C dusocodexoli roukn spenna aNIMTapHOCTh OsHayaeT NaTHMHe y HHJMBHAAa dunocodcKorO pasyMHOFO MpOrHOCcTH4ecKOrO MbULVIEHHs, KOTOpoe losBossteT IAHYTh B HEBEOMbIG OGbIMHOMY 3/ApaBOMY CMBIC/Y ryOHHbl Mpa H WosaTh HCTHHY. Tpasyth ApyruMn JojtbMH MOryT TOJIbKO S/UTApHble JOH. Howe wayo nyrareea, 4To T1paBHTh MOryT TOKO Te, y Koro MMeeTCA BbICOKAaA BpOKAEHHad ouMTapHocth. A 4TO, pasBe 6pipaet 1O-[pyromy ? ITO oGbIKHOREHHOe BpowAeHHOe KavecTBO, Kak, WalIpHMep, choco6Hocrh jeBHUb! AGrkoro MoBeszennst XOMUT HAPHIOM MO CTOMY WIM 110 YJIMUe & MHMHH-1O6Ke TaKot BEIMYHHDI, 4TO HS-110JL eé Kpaa BHJLHbI YCpPHbIe HAH pycble. Hy, caMM HoHHMaete, 4TO. Boi croco6ubl xOWTb roto Ho yume? Tlocmotpum-nocmorpum. Her? Bor rorja cre Aoma HW He Ae3bTe B paws Kace. Tlopegenine Yeopeka onpeseAderca B OCHOBHOM reHerHKs Bocnutateapnoe Bosjeficrene oKpyxaioueli cpebl BAHAeT TOKO Ha CKOPOCTh peauisallH PeHeTHKO-TICHXOAOTHYCCKOrO. Kosa QAMTApHOCTH Janhoro HHJWBH A. Bpr cajere B aBTOMOGIIb, KoTOpbIM yupawaser osurodppen? Her? O6uAno. Caoeii *xH3HbIO, HaBeplioe, AOpoxuTe. Suan, BbI pescrapasere, 4Yem Bc& ato MOxKeT KOHYHTbCA. A rlovemy TOra MOKHO AOMYCTHTh HEaIMTY, HalpAmMep, KOMMYHHCTOB, K yipaprenmo Hauneli? UyoKux xKuaHeit He KAKO? Jas aproMo6wia HenpaBH/ibHoe yupaBeHHe BUsKO Haraal- no. [lia rocyfaperpa, K coxKaenio, TaKol HariaWOCTH Her. Toaromy adpext of papseHus rocyaperbom neaauToil (ricen- joaumoli) yxacen. Mi peck stot yKac MoxKeT MpetorepaTHTh TOJDKO nta, cmoco6Had = adbdpeKTHBHO — IporHoOsHpoBaTh 1ee Hapowl GeaMOABCTBYET. VA oKkiaTb oT Hero YMHDbIX sretdecknx MbICeii riyno. Y wero apyras ynkuna. Tipu STOM He HYAHO MyTAaTb VM SAMTAPHOCTh. Kareropun yMa, HHTEJLICKTA, XHTPOCTH HHKOHM o6pasom He COOTHOCATCH ¢ JAM TapHocrbio. Haanune yma oTO. emé He QJM TapHocTb. Apyrne suioan Gieaaura) MoryT 6bITb O4eHb lake YMHbIMH, HO OHH He cHoco6Hbl K OTBeTCTBeEHHOMY Tepes. yuipansiseMoli Homy Jt ell HpPoOrHosipOBaH Ho. Huxto He cmoxKer oTpHilatb HaIHYHH = BbICOKO paSbHTbIX MpOrHOCTHYeCKUX KayecrB Oy IKYJIMKOB, BOPOB. Ho B 9TOM [IporhosHpoBanut oreyrTerByer Bropoil KOMITOHEHT MTAapHOcTH. Y nx Wer oTsercTBennocti flepe/t Yipanrszemoii nonysaunel, Her OTBETCTBEHHON MOpasH. Onn MOPyT COCTaBHTb nporpaMMy BOPOBCTBa, HO He NporpaMMy etpontembersa. Bp ropopite, cMoryt? Ho tora on yaKe 6yayT SbIBATCA DAHTOH. Ectb Bopbl B gakoHe, KOTOpble MO YMy [peBocxos IT MHHHMCTpOB. Takne YMHHILbI NpornosHpy oT TOABKO B CBOIL kapMan, EcctH HM Jab BulacTb, TO OHM pasopsr Bce rocyapCTBO. Kak, HallpHMePp, NPOW3OLIO ATO B Poccun noce 3axpara BlacTH Juomnenamit B oKra6pe 1917 7, Ham He HYKHbI YMHbIe ROpbI Y paactH. Tak 9ke, Kak H riyilad oJ1HTa. Miteaextyanpnaa SANTA HAH HHTesVIMreHiHA aTO HeKyc- crReniioe HaSBAHHe O6PAasoBanHbIX H KYAbTYPHBIX JHOgei Hesa~ BHCHMO OT YpoBist aJMTAapHOcTH. Haawune OTHOCHTebHO BbICO- KOrO HHT@/VICKTA H MbILLJICHHsA, OPHCHTHPOBaHHOro Ha pelleHHe HecTaH{apTHblx TBOPYeCcKHN 3ajlau, Jerid B OCHOBY Ollpeiesie- HHA ¢HHTeWIeKTYAIbHasl®, Kak 6bl oTAeHaa e& OT yuipapsenyec- kot. Ho wiresJMreHiia — dTO NpocToO KybTYpHble H rpamMor- Hible JHOJH. Yupie, HO YacTb H3 HUX IHTA, a WaCTh — MCeBsO- pura, T.e. yMHble, Ho 6e3 annTapHocTH. Bes laps B roviope. HMnreureniita HM aJiTa — STO pa3sHble BelllH. 1. 2. 2. Ticuxoaormueckaa OcHORa SJAMTAaPHOCTH Tlcnxosornueckoit mpesiocbiaKoii aurapnocTi ABAAETCA aO- CTPAKTHOe MBINVeHHe BbICHIUX YpoBHeil yrpabscHMs, KOTOPOe O/APHAO YEAOBCKA BOSMOKHOCTAMH MeEpC/ MH HADUTUA BILLY al be Horo onprra # KyJbTYpHoro pasBuTHa [Hepernés M.IT., 1999]. Ono sexKHT B OCHOBe MporHosnposania yiilpableHYeckix AelicTBui [pornocrieckie BosMoxkHoctH aGécTpakrioro MbIULIcHia olpeseasioT BbLKIIRAHHe Monysza, Haipimep, ojuia ocodp XOPOMIO HPOrHosHpyer COGLITHA H, CCAM Ola pyKOBO!UT OObEIU- HenHem ce6e NOLOGHbIX, To ato OGbEHEHMe BhIKMBaer. [[pyras ocoGb [0X0 IporHOsHpyer H, ECAH Oa pYKOBOANT Obes HeHHeM, TO Bcé aTO OObeguHeHHe nornGaet. BMecTe, ecrect- BeHHO, ¢ pyKoBosuTetem. Bot Tak Ho-lpocroMy B& SBOJTOIUIT cpopMHpOBANaCh CNOCOGHOCTS PYKOBOANTb KOMeKTHBOM H Tpo- rHOsHpoRaTh COGbITHA, BOSHIKAONIe BO BpeMa TaKoro pyKoposcrpa. Peanvaauna aGcTpakTHOTO MbILeHHA B KaYeCcTBe Tpedtio~ CIKH QANTAPHOCTH OCYILECTBILICTCH MO JLByM BaaHMOCBAgaH- HbIM HanpaasJieHHsaM: 1. Tlporiiospopanne nponssosurenbuoli Acaten o6bekta ynpaBaenia HU, HCXOAA U3 aToro, yilpabaenue na TICHXOOFMYECKOM, COMMADHOM H IKOHOMUMECKOM YPOBHAX. 2. OrpercTReHHad MOpaib Kak MporvosipoBaHHe Y{LOB/eTBO- pela AYXOBUbIX HoTpe6noctreli OGbeKTa ypaBACHMA H, UCXOAA H3 aTOrO, YIpaBAeHHe Ha HAeOsOrHNeCKOM yPOBHe. A6cTpakTHoe MbBIILLIeHHe MOKHO 6p1t0 6bI cutaTb Gegoil, TK. OHO Yepes Mepedayy HaJlbIH/HBHAYAbILOTO ONbITa a0 BOSMOR- HOCTb YeMOBEKY PasBUTh cpeeTRa arpecciH, HALMHAA OT GoeBbIx KaMCHHbIX TOHOpOB 10 paket cTpaternueckoro nasiaveniis. Bo- pbl o6aajaior XOpoulo pasBuTbIM aGCTpakTHbIM MbIILLIeHHeM, KOTOPOe HCNOMB3YIOT BO Bpell MOAAM. ITo aberpakTHOe MbILLLE- UMe He KONTPOAMpyeTCH HH MOpaNblO, HH HpaBCTBEHHOCTDIO, 13Ho us a6cr PaKTHOPO MBULAICHHA BbIpacTaet H Ta pagsyMHad OT- BCTCTBEHHOCTH NeOReKa, KOTOpad poTHBoselicTRyeT KPoBOrKas- Holi onacHoctTH HIMeM He CACPAK I BAeMOro MuTeAeKTa, AGet- pakTHoe MbIIIenHe (POPMHpyer OTBETCTREHHY IO MOpadb. DynK- Well MOpaI sRIgeTCsH CAepPKUBANNE arpeccuH Yepes cospanHeE TOPMOSHBIX MCXAHHS3MOB B BIJLe HpaRcTReHHoctH, coBeeTH. Apaascb HOcHTeIeM OTBeTCTREHHO:: Mopan, 2 pacT TPanHUbl cBoGoAbT BOTH | AneKcees C.C., 1998; Kaur H., 1994: Hime ¢b., 19976]. [pu noepxnoctrom paccmorpenin Kaketca, 410 cBobosa BO” COBEPINCHHO He CBAIbIBACT YEIOBEKA HUKAaKHMH 3akOHaMH — OH «MoxKeT jeAaTb, Yero xoUeTs [JIo- penn K., 1994]. Onnako, Heab3n ronoputh 0 cBo6ofe BoAH, Npeacranaa e€ Kak MpOH3BoN HeKoil Ge3oTReTCTReHHocTH, KoTopad H ONpeselser lopesenne YeroBeKa, Cama croGosHast BOA YeAOBeKA MOMMeHa CTPOrHM 3akoHaM orBercrBeHHoli Mopam. FL wae crpemsienue & cBo6oAe cyilectByet, Mexsy NpOwnM, {WA TOPO, YTOGKI MpenATCTROBATh HAM NOMMHATRCA JIPYTHM 3aKOHAM, KPOM€ Kak 3aKOHAaM MOpaJiit Hauppicmast cBo6ojta YeroBeKa MJeHTHYHAa MopalibHomy 3aKko) cyutectByiolleMy B HEM caMoM. JlelicrauteabHo, ecan ero MpelcTabieHnua O NOBEEHHM VKJabinaloTca B MOpaJIb ob STOM NOBELEHHH, TO eMY H HE Halo Hapyilath MopaJIbHbtit 3aKOH, peasinaya ce6a Kak AMYHOCTD. Bor umeno to TIPHYHHe OTCVTCTBRHA OTBETCTBEHHOI MOpaJIit kyxapka He MopKeT papyTb rocysapernom. MH nayanth eé atomy HeposMoxAHO. THarb Halo KyXapKy H3 YrpaBlAenna rocyjapeTBoM noranoli Mersoit. Hespaa ake, HaNpHMep, HaYYHTb HHTeTIeKTY. CKko1bKo 6bI Bb HH o6yyann osHrodpena, OH HHKoryla He cTraHeT ymHee. On YCRONT SAeMeHTHI APeccHpoBKH H He Gonee Toro. Hy, Hayyntes iuiot (camas rayGoKasd crenenh onmrodppennit) sepxarh AOKKY B pyKax. uM TO, TOABKO KOTja BbI Ha Hero MpHCTa/IbHO CMOTpHTe. Ha tom u cnacu6o. Sto BpoxKnéunoe, ToabKo copcem yMibilt YeNOBEK HIM 310/1eli MOFYT YTBEPHKaTb, WTO KyXapkKa crioco6ua 14 Ipawasrb rocysaperBom. Heropa joKasata, yo He Moxer. B HpHHnuine. Ona MoxkeT CBOHM HeUpaBHJIbHbIM HOBE/EHHEM TOADKO CHH- Sub OTBETETHCHHOCTR ConapHoro crosGa nepes iWaposom. Ha- IIPUMep, CHATh TPYCHICH, CCIM OHa MX, KOHENHO, HOCHT, i HoMountaca Ha cToG. Uro6bl Tor ynat OT U3GbITKa B.A TALEHHA HEKOTOPHIX AOCTATOUHO H TpOCTO CKHHYTb BEULb, If HaaHaAYeHIY 10 [UA 3aKPbIBANHA HUTHMHO! YacTH IKelCKOTO Te AB ropoackoM yipanieniit, OGCKHBAIOLILEM jLopoxKHoe xossiictRo, GylyT Horo yAMBAATECA Ballleli xaAOGe, ¥TO Bac ‘Tb He NpHaBE: «CronG 1 He Naya BoBces, VI npHeTaspio HOCMOTpAT Ha Bac: MoxKeT B HcHXyHIKy ero? KyxapkH mpapst rocyjapeTBom, [loaroMy HHKTO BaM He Jlacr rapanrie, 4To Ha ac He ynaslér 6es Maseiimeli npoBoKalmn ¢ Banrelt croporl cme Kakoill-HuGy lb NpesMer {Ui NOsWlep>KANHA TpoBosos. A OHI 1 He AaloT. 1. 2. 3. DpoatuHA 9AMTapHOCTH Seomouitio aaumapuocmu paccmatpuibalor B (pasiorenese HB ontorenese (Bo3pacTHad AMHaMHKa dJ1MTapHoc TH). B nponecce aBomouin 3 O6e3abAHbl B YeOBeKa 3a Cuer ecTecTBeHHHOro or6opa MpowenT KUBOTHDIX (nommetios) B NOMVAAWHH CHHKAJICH WH YBeNHYNBAICA MPOWeHT /OeH, KoTO- pbie XapakTepHsyloTca GOAbBLIHM MOKAsaTeeM avIiT TapnocTHu. Cpemiutii ypopertb anrapHocTH B NonyasiuiM sHoAeli poc H NpPOLO/ORACT pacTh 3a CYCT YBEAMYCHHA YHC/a Haposa HW ONTBI. Sto HopManbubili mpouecc, HasniBaeMbiil ecmMeCMBEnNdIA NOtO- Kumeabneim Opeibon aaumapnocmu (puc.1), Ecrectnentiptii NOAOAMTENbUbIT Apelid) BOSHHKaeT BCAeCTBMe Toro, 4TO HanGosee NpHCHOCOGACHHbIMH, ABAAIOTCA AIO C HaVBbICIIHM ypoBuem agutapHoctn. B Komkypetttiol Gopp6e ¢ nimi Bee OCTA/IbHbIe BbIMMpalor. C pocrom o6meii santapHocrH OHOBpeMeHHO, ecTecTRE NOBbINMANACh INHTAPHOCTh H MpaBAllero Kjlacca. Manataibio B HCTOPHYECKOM PasBHTHH JIOJUH nonalas B mpasanuit Kilace 3a 10, 15