Computer network

1/A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows

computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data
to each other along data connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The
connections ( networklinks) between nodes are established using either cable media or
wireless media. The best-known computer network is the internet.

2/Network computer devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network
nodes. Nodes can include hosts such as personal computers,phones,servers as well as
networking hardware. Two such devices are said to be networked together when one device is
able to exchange information with the other device, whether or not they have a direct
connection to each other.

3/ Computer networks differ in the physical media used to transmit their signals, the
communications protocols to organize network traffic, the network's size,topology and
organizational intent. In most cases, communications protocols are layered on (i.e. work
using) other more specific or more general communications protocols, except for the physical
layer that directly deals with the physical media.

4/Computer networks support applications applications such as access to the World Wide
Web, shared use of application and storage servers,printers, and fax machines, and use of e
mail and instant messaging applications.

5/A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computers and other hardware
components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and
information. Today, computer networks are the core of modern communication. All modern aspects
of thepublic switched telephone network (PSTN) are computer-controlled. Telephony increasingly
runs over the Internet Protocol, although not necessarily the public Internet.

6/ The scope of communication has increased significantly in the past decade. This boom in
communications would not have been possible without the progressively advancing computer
network. Computer networks, and the technologies that make communication between networked
computers possible, continue to drive computer hardware, software, and peripherals industries. The
expansion of related industries is mirrored by growth in the numbers and types of people using
networks, from the researcher to the home user.

7/Computer networking may be considered a branch of electrical engineering,

telecommunications,computer science,information technology or computer engineering since
it relies upon the theoretical and practical application of the related disciplines.

1/COMPREHENSION CHECK

a)What is a data network used for ?

b)what are the two Network computer devices ? what are their role ?

c) What is the role of communication protocols ?

d) How are resources and information shared ?

e) what triggered the increase in communication ?

f)What shows that computer hardware, software, and peripherals industries have become well
developed ?

READ LAST PARAGRAPH AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING MISSING PARTS

Some subjects such as 1)...................................2),.................................

3)..................................;4).................................5)..................................,6)or.................................deal
theoretically and 7)...... .................. with computer ..............................,that is why It is .................. as
a part of them.

Pick out words in the text meaning:

The essence: ......................... The extent:...................

What do the following words refer to :

a)They:............................. b) That:................................ c) it:...................................

Put the words in parentheses in the right tense or form , choose the right alternative:

A computer network /(facilitate)..................... interpersonal

(communicate)...................allowing people to communicate( efficient)...............

and easily via email,( instance)................... messaging, chat rooms, telephone, video
telephone calls, and video conferencing. (Provide)..................... access to information on
shared storage devices(be)......... an important feature of( many, much) networks. A network
allows sharing of files, data, and other types of information( give)........... authorized users the
(able)......... to access information (stored, storing)................... on other computers on the
network. A network allows sharing of network and computing resources. (Use)............... may
access and use resources (provide)................... by devices on the network, such as printing a
document on a shared network printer. Distributed computing uses computing resources
across a network ( accomplish).................. tasks. A computer network may be used by
computer Crackers (deploy)....................computer viruses or computer worms on devices(
connect).................... to the network, or to prevent these devices from( access).......................
the network (denial of service). A( complexity)........................... computer network may be
difficult (set up).......................... It may be (cost)........................... to set up an effective
computer network in a large ( organize).............................

Computer science is the (science)....................... and practical approach to computation and

its (apply).......................... It is the( system)................... study of the feasibility, structure,
(express)..........................., and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms)
that( underlie).............................. the acquisition, representation, processing, storage,
communication of, and( access)....................... to information, whether such information is
(encode)........................ as bits in a computer ( memorize).......................... or transcribed in
(genetic).......................and protein structures in a biological cell.

A computer scientist specializes in the (theorize).......................... of computation and the

design of( computation)................. systems.

(Its , it ‘s)................. subfields can ( divide).......................... into a variety of theoretical and

practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores
the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are( high).................
abstract, (while so).................. fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual
applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in( implement)...................
computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the
(describe)..................... of computation, while the study of computer programming (itself ,
himself)............... investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and
complex systems. Human-computer (interact)...................... considers the challenges in
making computers and computations ( use)..................., usable, and ( universal ).....................
accessible to humans.

Complete the following sentences using a preposition:

We talked ........ the problem

You must apologize ...........what you said.

Have you succeeded........ finding a job yet ?

They insisted...........paying for the meal.

I m thinking ....... buying a house.

I would not dream ........... asking them for money.

She does not approve..........gambling.

We have decided ...................moving to London.

Do you feel .......... going out tonight.

I m looking forward........... meeting her.

I congratulated Ann............passing the exam.

They accused me........... telling lies.

Nobody suspected the man........ being a spy.

What prevented him........ coming to see us.

The police stopped eveyone........ leaving the builiding.

I forgot to thank them ...... helping me.

Please forgive me........ not writing to you.

They warned us...............buying the car.

To be able ........do something.

To apply...........a job

To provide someone .......something.

To laugh......someone

To be fed...... ........something

To be afraid.......something

To agree .......someone........something

To worry.........something

To be famous.......something

To be fond .......something

To be similar .....something

To provide something .......someone

To dream......something

To be responsible.......something

To be addicted......something

To be hooked......something

To get rid........something

To be proud .......something

To be different ........someone

To be surprised........something

To be satisfied......something

To be pleased .....something
To be anxious......something

To be aware .....something

To be rude......someone

To be excited......something

To be polite.......someone

To be shocked.......something

To be sorry......something

To be short......something

To be good......something

To be keen ......something

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