Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Investment in Plant
Type of Units Turnover
and Machinery
% share of MSMES in
Village Industries
Village industry has been defined as any industry located in a rural area which
produces any goods, renders any service with or without the use of power and in
which the fixed capital investment per head or artisan or worker is specified by
the central government, from time to time.
Cottage Industries
Cottage industries are also known as rural industries or traditional industries.
They are not defined by capital investment criteria as in the case of other small
scale industries.
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materials are not available, they have may not be feasible for small business
to compromise on the quality or have firms as they lack the necessary
to pay a high price to get good quality infrastructure.
materials. Their bargaining power is
(v) Quality: Many MSMEs do not
relatively low due to the small quantity
adhere to desired standards of quality.
of purchases made by them. Also, they
Instead they concentrate on cutting the
cannot afford to take the risk of buying
in bulk as they have no facilities cost and keeping the prices low. They
to store the materials. Because of do not have adequate resources to
general scarcity of metals, chemicals invest in quality research and maintain
and extractive raw materials in the the standards of the industry, nor do
economy, the small scale sector suffers they have the expertise to upgrade
the most. This also means a waste of technology. In fact maintaining quality
production capacity for the economy is their weakest point, when competing
and loss of further units. in global markets.
(iii) Managerial skills: These (vi) Capacity utilisation: Due to lack
businesses are generally promoted and of marketing skills or lack of demand,
operated by a single person, who may many firms have to operate below full
not possess all the managerial skills capacity due to which their operating
required to run the business. Many costs tend to increase. Gradually this
of the small business entrepreneurs leads to sickness and closure of the
possess sound technical knowledge business.
but are less successful in marketing (vii) Global competition: Apart from
the output. Moreover, they may not the problems stated above MSME are
find enough time to take care of all not without fears, especially in the
functional activities. At the same time
present context of globalisation. These
they are not in a position to afford
enterprises face competition is not only
professional managers.
from medium and large industries, but
(iv) Marketing: Marketing is one also from multinational companies
of the most important activities which are giants in terms of their size
as it generates revenue. Effective and business volumes.
marketing of goods requires a thorough
understanding of the customer’s needs 9.7 MSME and Entrepreneurship
and requirements. In most cases,
Development
marketing is a weaker area of small
organisations. These organisations Entrepreneurship is the process of
have, therefore, to depend excessively setting up one’s own business as
on middlemen, who at times exploit distinct from pursuing any other
them by paying low price and delayed economic activity, be it employment
payments. Further, direct marketing or practising some profession. The
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traditional knowledge also fall under 9.9.1 Why is IPR Important for
IP. You must have often taken homely Entrepreneurs?
remedies passed on from your
grandparents and great-grandparents It encourages creation of new, path-
as cure for an ailment. These homely breaking inventions, such as cancer
remedies are traditional medicines cure medicines. It incentivises
that have been practiced in India for inventors, authors, creators, etc., for
past several centuries. They are also their work. It allows the work created
known as ‘Traditional Knowledge’. by a person to be distributed and
Some examples of Indian traditional communicated to the public only with
medicinal systems are Ayurveda, his/her permission. Therefore, it helps
Unani, Siddha and Yoga. Traditional in the prevention of loss of income. It
Knowledge (TK) means the knowledge, helps authors, creators, developers
systems, innovations and practices of and owners to get recognition for their
local communities across the globe. works.
Such wisdom has been developed and
accumulated over the years and has
9.9.2 Types of IPs
been used and passed down through
several generations. A Traditional IPRs are extremely essential for
Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) fostering creativity and contribute
has been developed by Government towards the economic growth of a
of India, which is essentially a digital nation. Such rights allow creators
knowledge repository of Traditional and inventors to have control over
Knowledge that has existed in our their creations and inventions. These
ancient civilization, especially about rights create incentives for artists,
medicinal plants and formulations
entrepreneurs and inventors to further
used in Indian systems of medicine.
commit the necessary resources
This rich body of knowledge helps
prevents wrongful patenting of our to research, develop, and market
traditional knowledge. new technology and creative works.
Another type of IP is Trade Secrets. The changing global economy is
You must have heard about the creating unprecedented challenges
popular beverage, Coca Cola. But and opportunities for continued
do you know that the recipe of this progress in human development. There
beverage is only known to three are business opportunities to market
people in the whole world? This secret or sell IP worldwide. Geographical
information is termed as a ‘Trade borders present no impediments—
Secret’. A trade secret is basically consumers enjoy near immediate
any confidential information which access to almost everything. At such
provides a competitive edge. Trade exciting times, it is critical that we are
secrets in India are protected under aware about the importance of IPRs
the Indian Contract Act, 1872. and how it affects daily life.
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world, but they are not recognised as to the geographical origin of products
trademarks in India. The registration of and accord much care to the specific
trademark is not mandatory under the characteristics present in the products
Trademark Act 1999, but registration that they purchase. In some cases,
of trademark helps establish exclusive there is a difference between “place of
rights over the mark. To register origin” and “geographical indications”
the mark you can visit http://www. which suggests to consumers, that the
ipindia.nic.in which is the website of product will have a particular quality
the Indian Trademark Registry. or characteristic, that they may value.
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Key Terms
SUMMARY
Role of small business in India: Small Scale Industries play a very important
role in the socio-economic development of the country. These industries
account for 95 per cent of industrial units, contributing up to 40 per cent of the
gross industrial value added and 45 per cent of the total exports. SSIs are the
second largest employers of human resources, after agriculture and produce
a variety of products for the economy. These units contribute to the balanced
regional development of the country by using locally available material and
indigenous technology. These provide ample scope for entrepreneurship; enjoy
the advantage of low cost of production; quick decision making, and have
quick adaptability and are best suited to customised production.
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Role of small business in rural India: Small business units provide multiple
source of income, in wide range of non-agricultural activities and provide
employment opportunities in rural areas, especially for the traditional artisan
and weaker sections of the society.
Entrepreneur: The terms ‘entrepreneur,’ ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘enterprises’
can be understood by drawing an analogy with the structure of a sentence in
English language. Entrepreneur is the person (the subject), entrepreneurship
is the process (the verb) and enterprise is the creation of the person and the
output of the process (the object).
EXERCISES
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Projects/Assignments
1. Prepare a profile of anyone MSME operating locally in your area. Prepare a
questionnaire to find out:
(a) The growth prospects of the unit.
(b) Use of local resources and indigenous skills used.
(c) The actual problems faced by an owner of a MSME. Prepare a project
report on it.
(d) Marketing of products and services
2. Find out the GI tag(s) for your sate. Prepare a chart showing its unique
attributes. Discuss in the class how GI tag for the product has led to regional
development.
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