Industrial A C_ Machines (22523) Experiment No. 3: Direct load test on the 3 phase squirrel cage Induction Motor 1 Practical Significance Direct load test on the three phase induction motor is conducted by actually loading the motor withthe help of Braking arrangement or by coupling calibrate generator “understand the performance parameters like speed, power factor, efficiency & torque, I Relevant Program Outcomes (POs) PO2: Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad. based electrical engineering related problems. PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Electrical engineering problems PO4: Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an understanding of the limitations, 3 ; j i PSOI: Electrical Equipment: Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical equipment. TI Competency and Skills This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified Competency: “Use relevant Induction, Synchronous and FHP Machines for different electrical engineering applications.’ * Select various meters, * Measure electrical quantities, © Connect Cire © Follow safe practices, IV Relevant Course Outcomes * Use the relevant three phase induction motor (IM) for different applications, V___ Practical Learning Outcome Perform the direct load test on the three phase squirrel cage induction motor and plot the i) efficiency versus output, ii) power factor Versus output, ili) power factor versus motor current and iv) torque — slip/speed characteristics, VI Minimum Theoretical Background By conducting the load test on three phase induction cin Motor, the Fae Poe tse tm ca ema ¢ Induction moto load test is carried out by any of the followi ; ee ‘ollowing methods: 2. By connecting a d.c, generator Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 18 Indu =!Industrial A C Machines (22523) In case of loading by connecting a d.c. generator, the induction motor is connected to a de. generator. The generator is loaded by a lamp bank. Thus intern an induction motor is loaded. ‘The variation of Efficieney & Power factor wrt output/ motor current, torque wrt slip/speed can be studied by actually loading the motor. Load on motor may be generator or Braking system, Efficiency of motor is zero at no load as shaft output is zero. As motor is loaded utput increases so efficiency also increases & reaches maximum at about 80 to 95% of load. If motor is loaded beyond this, efficiency decreases as losses increases at faster rate than output. Power factor of motor is between 0.1 to 0.3 (poor) low & lagging at no load. As load increases power factor also increases. It is 0.85 to 0.9 at 80 to 90% of FL Output. As motor is loaded, Speed decreases/Slip increases & Torque developed increases to supply load torque. Torque is directly proportional to slip, this is stable region of torque slip characteristic. At start slip is one & torque is starting torque. Maximum Torque will be at 80 to 90 % of full load. Then motor is unstable, torque decreases with increase in slip. VII Cireuit diagram : Mechanical we coupling Dow Seater Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1pIndustrial A C_Machines (22523) VEIL Resources required Sr. | Instrument /Object Specification Quantity | Remarig No. 1 3 phase ,3 HP/ SHP , 415 V, 50 Induction motors | “Fiz, 1440 RPM squirrel cage o1 type 2 | Brake Toad or other suitable means to load motors with pean ot suitable measurement 220V,10A facilities of powers. or coupled DC shunt generator Ammeters AC/DC 0-5-10AmpMI o1 a Ammeters DC 0-5-10AmpPMMC ol > : ACIDC,0-150/300V, Voltmeter MI Type: OssUStoe o1 © | Voltmeter PMMC DC,0-150/300V, oa Type: 0-250/500V 7 | Wattmeter: Three |__| phase double element S/1Amp, 250/S00V o1 8 ee | | Load bank: Resistive, Py a 2 Tachometer Contact / non-contact types 100 to 10000 RPM o1 Ix Precautions to be followed Nake sure that main switch sin OFF position while making connection Wires used for cireuit connection have proper size & insulation cover. Ail eletrcal connections should be neat and tight. ; At start keep resistance in generator field winds in maxi iti Check that lamp load is OFF at start, rou am positions Provide shunt for ammeter & current coil of aan motor by DOL starter. of wattmeter at start before switching on Svaenn Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Indu XI zl? Industrial A C Machines (22523) 6) Note down all meter readings &speed of motor. 7) Switch ON electrical Toad on generator sie, increase load in steps upto fll load adings & speed of motor. rtheostat &Switch OFF the power supply. 9) plot the characteristics for i) efficiency versus Motor output, ii) power factor versus Motor output, iti) power factor versus motor current and iv) torque ~ slip/speed. XI Resources used (with major specifications) [Sr ‘Name of Broad Specifications Quantity | Remarks No. Resource - (if any) [ Make Details hl ryducthon) morco laqorpm | | oe L Motor 2 | 3a kw sas 3 generator! ClO Cre Eva lea ! 3. | Clamp-on- a ay meres | MECO Sate l 4 lwattmeted AE pee 2 = \20o0oW | XII Actual procedure followed Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 21Industrial A C_ Machines (22523) XIV Observations and Calculations: E DC Generator side Tnduction Motor side G St Motor Motor | Input shi Garena Carel Noo Voltage | Current | Power Ree V2Volt LAmp V,Volt Lamp | W Wats = o- | 440 | 2-75 lizqgo | 1479 | 190 : 2 || $40Vin/ 2-85 | 180 5 | WE CS a UR ona Ole 3 k 3. | #4oV | 2-90 figo0 {lase | tt ae 4laqov | 3-06 [itso fieas | les & ey f 6. 7. lia 8. Calculation Generator efficiency np=_9S / Ns=___\20F = J20x8° - isco Rpy —t ee = pongo Gene rator Motor Genera input | Motor | etficie , Motor | tor eet output | ney= Torqfie= 51 Ataput”|Peutpudi| = 4) nt Motor Pa ana ea Motor Ww Vy genera | output Wis output x Watts | xi, | rator | ~ tor / N./Ns | xV, x1,) 6O/2aN, watts | outpu | input | motor Ce th, input *y 292. | 0.03] y (S40 | 260 [EX Jagr ]o.ig. S018! og 63 2. [1360 | 320 B6-B4h au 8 ot | Crooe oa a aaa 3. 1300 | 465 89-444 89%Jo. 39 P1976) toasts bene 4. [1160 |700 Presse 8 o 6300-032] 0-6 "8 B84 Maharastra State Board of Techical EducationCalculations: Genervator,= Generator OP o/ P ha Oat a5 XLOO Generatoy 2152. 6,watt o/P XV Results: From graph Efficiency is maximum at_O 63'_ 9% of full load Torque is maximum at _ + 5 _% of full load Starting torque=__1 + § Mem No load pf=0+4 _ & Full load pf= 9 +6 poor HY9% of results XVI. Interpret “Maharashira State Board of Technical Education BIndustrial A C Machines (22523) XVIIL. Practical related Questions ‘Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design ‘more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1) ‘Induction motor pfis poor at no load’ —Justify. 2) “At start generator field rheostat is kept at maximum value’ Justify 3) Draw torque slip characteristic for all four quadrant. 4) ‘Shunts are to be provided for ammeter & current coil at start when operated by DOL starter’ -Justify 5) Draw alternative method of loading motor other than your experimental set up, [Space for Answers] Maharasht tra State Board of Technical EducationIndustrial AC Ma 6.4. TQ. AMOI, Mik gy, Wind. Yi MD. wdonCod A Che oh SABLE AALS €.5 FOP. LID Q ih a) hc. OM AE oat AE FN 7.0.04. 9). 8. AIO. BAL, 6D... colle aga GNX SARAH Tet fox... WO AR MLI....O8 nl SOA QLL..QIA.0.U.90.t.O.£. aa Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education aIndustrial A C Machines (22523) Motor o/P VS motor efficiency scale Kans 2 07H TOO wW Yearis-2 07 > On| CF Maharashtra State Board of Technical EducationIndustrial A C_ Machines (22523) Powes factor VS~ motor o/p watt ‘Maharashtra State Board of Technical EducationXanis-2 CM =0/ O17, Yeanis-LeM= 0.5. H-PO [ Maharashira State Board of Technical Education