Carson 1

Leann Carson

Mr. Larry Neuburger

ENG-101

2 May 2011

Annotated Bibliography

Extermination Methods During The Holocaust

Graham, David. "Holocaust." I-55 Internet Services, Inc. Merging with Xfone USA. Web.

27 Apr. 2011.

The method of gassing the prisoners was favored. This was because it cushioned the
perpetrator from actually killing the victims by hand unless they chose to do so. The gas
method was initialized because of the trauma the perpetrators were experiencing by one
on one killing. Once implementing the gassing, the death camps were in full swing killing
24/7 like a production line of death. This site is a secondary source that includes very
detailed firsthand accounts of exterminations camps and annihilation of the Jews. Walks
the reader through step by step of the entire process. Gives links to view first hand videos
and stories of the Holocaust. Gives detailed accounts of extermination projects and the
leaders behind them.

This site is a very useful portal to other sites. The author backs up their information with
sites to the original information. Some opinion is thrown in the mix but can easily be
deciphered.

Hirsch, Gabor. "Holocaust Killing Centers." DSU Computer Services. Web. 27 Apr.

2011.

Once through the selection process many of the prisoners were led to "shower" rooms.
Once in the shower rooms a guard locked a steel door and released either carbon
monoxide or a chemical called Zyklon B. Zyklon B was a highly poisonous chemical that
was used to kill rats and other pests. Once suffocated the dead were hauled out of the gas
chambers by surviving prisoners, removed hair, gold teeth and fillings. The gold was put
into the Nazi bank and the hair was made into ropes and mattresses. As the Final Solution
approached other forms of extermination were experimented with. Driving around in
vans while exhaust fumes were pumped into the seal cargo compartment and Zyklon B
were implemented. The old, too young, weak, and women were the primary victims due
to their lack of work abilities. Many times surviving prisoners were killed by working
them to death. Being beaten, tortured, and starved, hardly anyone survived.
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This account showed very vivid and accurate accounts of the happenings in the death
camps. This site offered citations and references to back up their info. This is a
Secondary source.

"The Jewish Population Disbelieves Reports of the." Yadvashem.org. Ed. Yitzhak Arad,

Yisrael Gutman, and Abraham Margaliot. 1981. Web. 28 Apr. 2011.

The Jewish population did not believe that their fellow Jews were being transported to
death camps. They could not fathom the thought of thousands of their own people being
killed daily. They figured they were being used for farming in Russia areas occupied by
Germans. They believe the news and underground paper were creating scare tactic to
cause panic. The Nazis worked for 2.5 years preparing the extermination. They knew
what they were doing by fooling the Jewish population.

This is a very good source that documents the attitudes of Jews that were not or had not
been caught in the cross hairs of this oppression.

"Methods of Killing." Institut Fuer Sozial- Und Wirtschaftsgeschichte - Uni Linz. Web.

27 Apr. 2011.

Some victims were experimented with by injecting them with Phenol which instantly
killed them. Other experiments were claimed as "medical". Twins, crippled, and disabled
were many times experimented on in order to help increase the German population. Once
dead their bodies were dissected and sent to the Anatomic Institute for further analysis
and collection. Punishments included whipping and Prugelbock which was twisting the
arms behind the inmate then hanging them by their wrists so their feet could not touch the
ground. Firing squads were many times implemented along with the gallows methods.

This site is a tertiary source. It gives detailed information on the types of gasses that were
used to gas Jews. It also includes a chart of death camps, people killed, and dates of use.
This also includes all types of extermination used. This is a very good site for the details
of extermination. Not excellent because of tertiary.

Powell, Lawrence N. "Introduction to the Survivor's Stories." Holocaust Survivors. Web.

29 Apr. 2011.

Most Jews who were lucky enough to survive fled before the Nazi noose closed
completely. The great majority went to Russia, some to Scandinavia. A few even ended
up in Shanghai. But escaping was difficult because high unemployment in the 1930s,
which in America drove anti-Semitism to historic highs, disinclined the democracies
from accepting the boat people of that era. In 1939 the United States turned away 930
Jews who had set sail from Hamburg on the S.S. St. Louis.
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This site shows the hardships of the Jews and their entire story from a firsthand view.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "Nazi Camps." United States Holocaust

Memorial Museum. Web. 29 Apr. 2011.

The term concentration camp was named this because the prisoners were physically
concentrated in certain areas. Before the Final Solution there were approximately 20,000
concentration camps located in and around Germany. In December of 1941 the first
Death camp was opened to implement the Final solution. It was titled Chelmno. Before
reaching the concentration camps or death camps the prisoners would stop at a transit
camp. Only a fraction of the prisoners survived after this final stop.

Gives and insight on the processes of the journey to a death camp and the grandeur of the
camps themselves.

Vogelsang, Peter, and Brian B.M. Larsen. "The Danish Center for Holocaust and

Genocide Studies." The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies.

2002. Web. 29 Apr. 2011.

There were six extermination camps. All of them implemented gas chambers, firing
squads, and exhaust fumes in sealed trucks. Over 1.75 million Jews were killed and
thousands of gypsies were added to this number.

There were several firsthand accounts of the methods and processing of the prisoners
available on this site. Great site with statistics and detailed methods.