T.C.

ISTANBUL MEDIPOL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

Management and Organization

Midterm Homework

9A190026

YUSUF TAHA ÇİÇEK

ADVISOR

Assoc. Prof. Elif Baykal

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 1- To write in details the basic properties of matrix organization and give detailed
examples

The matrix structure is a kind of organizational structure in which individuals are classified
through two operational frames. The matrix approach consolidates aspects of both functional
and divisional structures concurrently, in the same part of the organization. In a matrix
structure, the organization is diversified by product and function. Product lines are governed
horizontally. And functions are handled vertically. This suggests that each function, for
instance, research, production, sales, and finance has detached internal divisions for each
good. The U.S. operation of Gloria Jeans, for example, uses geographic divisions for
Western/Pacific, Northeast/Atlantic, and other continents. Functional departments comprising
finance, marketing, and so forth are centralized and operate as their own vertical units, as
well as supporting the horizontal divisions. On the basis of this dual structure, some
employees report to two supervisors concurrently. As we have mentioned above when we
elaborate the matrix structure, we are able to say that a prominent feature of this hierarchical
model is that everyone in the organization reports to a single boss. This is an outstanding
feature of the hierarchical model. The matrix structure is different in blazing ways:
Employees are generally liable to more than one boss.
There are commonly two different chains of command.
It has functional managers and project managers.
Managerial roles are fluctuated, not fixed.
Advantages
Structures of matrix organization are greatly flexible and encourage collaboration. This
construct is much more beneficial in throwing together people rather than a hierarchical
structure. Secondly, this structure allows interdepartmental communication. By permitting
different departments to work altogether promotes a more open work environment, finally
creating a more dynamic organization. Plus, this combines the project management structure
with the functional management structure so as to elevate efficiency, adapt to fluctuating
markets and react more quickly to market demand.
Disadvantages
A major problem related to the matrix is the complexity and disappointment caused by the
dual chain of command. Two-boss employees have difficulty with dual reporting relations.
The rivalry between the two sides of the matrix can be exceedingly difficult for two-boss
employees to fulfill the jobs. This problem induces the third disadvantage: the time lost for
meetings and discussions devoted to resolving this dispute. Besides, too much work could be
lead to overload. Because of that, employees might suffer burnout or fail to perform duties.
Having said that, their quality of work may be plummet owing to time constraints.

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 2. Explain basic methods for Departmentalization. Which method would you
choose if you had a matrix organization?

Firstly, for the achievement of the firm, departmentalization should be done at each
hierarchical stage. We are called that Departmentalization. The definition of the term is the
establishment of the departments that integrate each other and assemble similar works. Since
businesses have different needs, different departmental structures have emerged over time.
To describe that way, these structures are vertical, divisional, matrix, team-based, and virtual
network. The main difference between the structures is the way employees are classified into
departments and to whom they report. I would prefer the matrix structure if I were to start an
organization. Because the matrix structure is unique. It capitalizes on various sciences owing
to its large territory. This will give my project a different soul. I believe that a project's
development will be accelerated by the fact that it contains a wide range of branches. Because
employees in a matrix organization are always in touch with one another. Nevertheless,
information exchange and decision-making speed up. It will also swiftly accustomed to
changing environmental circumstances by virtue of its flexible construction. In a nutshell,
from my perspective, the matrix organizational structure is the best option.

3- Explain the importance and basic properties of scientific management period.

We are able to follow up formal management ideas to the 1700s, while people have been
managing work for hundreds of years. But the most notable advancements in management
theory came into view in the 20th century. We owe a substantial part of our perceiving of
managerial practices to many theorists of this era, such as Frederick Winslow Taylor, who
struggled to grasp how best to carry out business. All of them investigated that how work was
performed and observed how this influenced laborers' productivity. Taylor's point of view
was that forcing people to work as hard as they could not be as efficient as improving the
manner the job was done. Taylor applied timing gauges to determine efficiency and cut down
on wasted effort in regular tasks. He also worked to improve the efficiency of the equipment
or resources used in these everyday chores. He was able to increase the efficiency of
individual work by adapting equipment (or technology). Taylor also offered a system of
rewards and punishments to encourage efficient practice. Employees who learned to use more
effective approaches were rewarded for their increased output. Employees who refused or
were unable to adjust were punished. For enhanced efficiency, Taylor maintained that there
requires to be planning, coordination, and constant direction. Other benefits that demonstrate
the importance of Scientific Management include that:

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  It helps organizations share out their sources accurately, so providing them to
maximize their profits.
 Enterprises can assure a rise in productivity via scientifically directing employees to
desired objectives.
 Fundamentally, this management technique surmounts traditional opinions and biases
that affect efficiency at work giving priority to cause-and-effect associations.

Consequently, it may be said that most companies used that approach. And I confidently
say that this approach offers organizations plenty of efficiencies.
4- Explain contributions of Taylor to Management literature.

Contributions of Taylor's in the industry are that in the direction such as productivity,
distribution of work, entire quality, and etc. Scientific management uncovered methods to
make every laborer more efficient by analyzing the activities of laborers. With this approach,
by discovering how to maximize the efforts of everyone in a company, profitability could
increase, making organizations better able to compete in the global marketplace using time
and motion studies. As per Taylor, the use of standards isn't adequate for productivity. The
significant thing is to have particular perceptions in the working environment. Therefore, he
kept on fostering the standards. He said that relaxed and individual work will decrease
efficiency. All things considered, the most extreme yield will be accomplished with
agreement, coordination, and collaboration. It has given principles that demand training so
everybody can arrive at their most top level of efficiency. Scientific administration, which
began with Taylor, has expanded efficiency in all enterprises.

5- What is strategic planning. Explain the basic components of strategic planning

considering the goal hierarchy.

Each business needs to utilize its abilities and assets appropriately to make due over the
long haul. It ought to adjust to the natural conditions it is in. Strategic plans are likewise
significant now. Key plans additionally figure out which vision, mission, and activity plan
the business will carry out over the long haul. It is arranged how the organization will act
and what openings it will assess. To put it plainly, the strategic plan arrangement defines
out a business' objectives, development plans, and steps against its rivals. It has some
essential parts like mission, vision, values, and vital objectives. The qualities, standards,
reasoning, and different attributes of a business are its central goal. The vision of a
business is the place where it desires to be upcoming future. Qualities characterize the
overall lines of how we accomplish our vision. Vital objectives arise when vision and
missions are appropriately expressed. These objectives structure the essential arranging
process. While deciding these, the assets, requirements, and needs of the undertaking
ought to be thought about.

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References:
Richard L. Daft, Dorothy Marcic - Understanding Management (Textbook)
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/structure-business-communication-717.html
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/matrix-organizational-
structure-advantages-disadvantages
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_Taylor.htm
https://thebusinessprofessor.com/en_US/management-leadership-organizational-
behavior/what-is-scientific-management-theory
https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/f-w-taylors-scientific-management-theory/
https://thebusinessprofessor.com/en_US/management-leadership-organizational-
behavior/what-is-scientific-management-theory

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