ARFA ASHIQ

FA20- BSM-065
TOPIC:
Challenges facing by Muslim community : An analysis of
Kashmir valle.
Criminal justice: The ummah is at war with itself. What other way is there to describe the brutal
bloodletting by Muslims of Muslims in Syria, Iraq, Libya, Yemen, Afghanistan, Turkey, and, of course,
Pakistan.

To be fair, the ummah has not mattered for a long time to the governments or peoples of Muslim lands.
State-to-state relations among Muslim countries have been astonishingly independent of religious
identity. They have depended instead upon perceived self-interest, domestic politics and the whims of
rulers. Just look at the evidence.

Pakistan was created on a religious premise. But, in the days of the Suez Crisis of 1956, Pakistan’s position
was ambiguous. It refused to side with Gamal Abdel Nasser after he nationalised the Suez Canal and
threw out the British. On the other hand, India was active in the Non-Aligned Movement, fully pro-Arab,
and loud in support of liberating Palestine. To show gratitude, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz paid a state visit
to India and declared that Indian Muslims were being treated well. There was outrage across Pakistan.
Newspapers exploded in anger when Jawaharlal Nehru, on his return visit to Riyadh, was greeted by the
king and with street banners in Riyadh bearing the slogan rasul-ul-salam (messenger of peace). Dawn’s
editorial of Dec 1, 1956, bitterly criticised the Arabs and “Nasser’s hatred of Pakistan, and love of Bharat
and its Nehru”. It went on to suggest that such sensate bias and blind prejudice “may well be examined
by psychiatrists”. In other words, the Arab world’s greatest hero of the moment was denounced as crazy.

Today, Pakistan has disputes with both its Muslim neighbours, Afghanistan and Iran. Iran occasionally lobs
artillery shells over to Pakistan, as does Afghanistan. Pakistan has reciprocated with its artillery, while PAF
jets brought down an Iranian drone last month. Ironically, Pakistan has excellent relations with one of its
neighbours — China, a communist state that has banned the beard and burqa in its only Muslim-
dominated province. India has good relations with both Iran and Afghanistan. And, India’s trade with
China far exceeds Pakistan’s trade with China.

It is not just Pakistan. The Muslim monarchies of Saudi Arabia and Qatar, both Wahabi, are practically at
war with each other now. Teeny tiny Qatar, say the Saudis, is acting too big for its boots and cannot
conduct its own foreign policy. Qatar has dismissed the Saudi-UAE demand to close down Al Jazeera, the
Arab world’s only independent news source. In response, all Qataris and their families, as well as 15,000
dancing Qatari camels, have been expelled from Saudi Arabia.

Last year, Saudi Arabia’s highest civilian award was conferred upon Hindu fundamentalist Narendra Modi
by King Salman. The Saudi king left Kashmir and pellet guns unmentioned.

Economic inequality: Saudi Arabia’s war on Yemen shows the emptiness of the ummah
notion. Directed against one of the world’s poorest Muslim countries, it has so far has killed 7,600 and
wounded 42,000 Muslims. Most casualties have resulted from air strikes of the Saudi-led multinational
coalition. Pakistan has shown little concern. I have yet to see a single TV news report or evening talk show
discussing the Yemen war.

Ending Israeli occupation of Palestine was once the ummah’s grandest cause that cut through the Shia-
Sunni divide. But now, Saudi Arabia is fast nearing rapprochement with Israel. Both countries see Iran as
the greater enemy. After the failed Arab Spring, Sisi’s Egypt and the Gulf’s monarchies fear Iran as an
insurrectionary power and prefer to work with Israel. Palestine is unmentioned.

Where does this leave the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), whose job is to bring together and
represent the ummah? Based in Saudi Araba, it has 57 member states and calls itself “the collective voice
of the Muslim world.” The OIC has had nothing to say about wars that have consumed Syria, Iraq, Libya,
or Yemen. Nor is it relevant to any other conflict between Muslim states or that within them. It has yet to
give a single cent to desperate refugees who, instead, must rely on the West.

Pakistan bought into the OIC fantasy early on. But the euphoria of the 1974 Lahore meeting organised by
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto has gone with the wind. What is left is the magnificent flag-adorned building on
Constitution Avenue in Islamabad that serves as the headquarters of Comstech, the highest scientific
body of the OIC, for which Pakistan pays the lion’s share of its operating expenses.
Family and relationships: One of the all Pakistan Ulema Council, religious scholars
expressed unity and solidarity for defence and stability of Harmain Al-Sharifain.

Addressing Friday congregations, they said that the leadership of the Muslim world had no
intention to form diplomatic relations with Israel. They underlined that unity of Muslim world
was ultimate requirement to resolve the burning issues of Kashmir and Palestine.

Pakistan Ulema Council announced supporting oppressed Muslims of Palestine and Kashmir.
Special Friday sermons were held in mosques affiliated with Pakistan Ulema Council to highlight
prevailing unrest in Gulf.

The religious scholars in their sermons stated that Islam is a religion of peace and harmony.
Harmain Al- Sharifain and Masjid Al-Aqsa are like centres of Muslims' faith and unity.
Conspiracies are being hatched to fan violence in Muslim countries.

They demanded the world leadership take action against elements supporting terrorists and
extremists in Muslim countries. ‘US presence: Tanzeem-e-Islami Ameer Hafiz Aakif Saeed has
said the presence of US occupation troops in Afghanistan is the biggest hurdle in restoring peace
in the country.

In a statement on Friday, he said the demand by Afghan Taliban delegation in Moscow talks that
US occupation troops must pull out before negotiations was justified. He was of the view that
the US instigated wars all around over the world to sell arms and maintain its global supremacy.

He expressed satisfaction on the court martial and sentence to the high-ranking former Pak
Army officers for espionage for foreign powers. He said strict punishment to such traitors was
essential for country’s security.

Defining the relationship between the holy night of 27 Ramazan and the creation of Pakistan,
Hafiz Akif Saeed said, “The time has come for us as a nation to start observing Independence Day
during the holy month of Ramazan instead of in August. We are facing disgrace around the
whole world today because we have betrayed the promises made with Allah and His Prophet
(PBUH) as a nation and criminally failed to establish the Islamic System in Pakistan for which we
had created this country.”

He said, “We still have time to sincerely repent of our sins during this holy month,” Awareness
drive: To distribute environment-friendly paper bags among the citizens, Albayrak Waste
Management Company Friday organised an awareness drive in Nishtar Town.

Albayrak officials said the activity aimed at highlighting harmful impacts of plastic pollution on
human life and discouraging the usage of polythene bags in routine shopping. Albayrak team
distributed paper bags among the shopkeepers and buyers in Ramazan Bazaar requesting them
to minimise the usage of polythene bags while shopping. Brochures carrying awareness
messages were also distributed among the citizens and shopkeepers in the bazaar.

Speaking on the occasion, Albayrak spokesperson said the company would take every possible
step to encourage the public to switch to environment-friendly alternatives such as usage of
paper or cloth bags. The citizens should prefer cloth or paper bags to overcome environmental
pollution, he added.

Healthcare: Delivering high-quality care to patients of the Muslim faith requires

an understanding of the differences in cultural and spiritual values. Important
differences include diet, ideas of modesty, privacy, touch restriction, and alcohol
intake restriction. Globally, Muslims represent substantial portions of society, and
Islam remains the fastest-growing religion in the world. It is highly likely that a
healthcare professional will care for a Muslim patient during his or her career. The
Muslim faith encompasses several ethnicities with diverse views regarding illness
and healthcare. As a result, the care of Muslim patients provides challenges for
many non-Muslim healthcare providers. The Islamic faith can influence decision-
making, family dynamics, health practices, and risks and the use of
healthcare.Understanding Islamic beliefs will assist healthcare professionals in
delivering appropriate health care in a culturally sensitive manner. This can be
accomplished by understanding religious implications, perspectives on family,
health, illness, diet, the influence of traditional medicine, and privacy concerns. All
health practitioners should be able to provide culturally competent care. When
providing care to Muslim patients, it is important to understand the impact the
Islamic faith has on the provision of healthcare. Healthcare professionals need to
be aware of privacy and touch issues, dietary practices, and unacceptable
medicines.

Hunger and food policy: According to a study sixty-four nutritional

keywords and 257 nutritional verses are in Quran.

The aliment/foods, eating, water/drinking words,

and their derivatives are repeated 171, 109, and 131

times in the Quran, respectively (6). According to the

Quran, except Haram foods (pork meat, wine, carrion

meat, blood, and meat of animals not slaughtered

properly in the Islamic manner), all foods are tayyeb

(lawful) (10, 11). Overall in Quran, there are names

of 19 plants (3) which can be used either as food or

as a medicine.

The plant species in the Quran are Alhagi

maurorum, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Brassica

nigra, Cinamoumon camphor, Cucumis sativus,

Cucurbita pepo, Ficus carica, Lens culinaris

Medic, Musa sapientum, Ocimum basilicum, Olea

europaea, Phoenixdactylifera, Punica granatum,

Salvadora persica, Tamarix aphylla, Vitis vinifera,

Zingiber officinale and Ziziphus spina_christi.

Among them, some are mentioned more for example

dates are mentioned 20 times in the Quran using

several terms such as nakhil, al-nakhl, rutob and

nakhlah, while grapes are mentioned 11 times in the

Quran using terms such as a’nab and al-a’nab (11).

Allah created resources including food as a

means to enable sustenance: good in quality, easy

and simple in structure, that enabled creatures to

use it [Al-Quran: 14:20, 10:31, 39:4, 2:22, 16:72,

40:64, 8:26, 7:10, and 71:19]. Allah created resources

including food available for development and use

for all creatures and for different purposes and use

[Al-Quran: 44:4, 44:12, and 14:32]. Allah created

resources including food in a way able to change in

state, shape, color, touch, structure, etc. [Al-Quran:

67:14 and 14:10]. Allah created resources including

food as a test to their users/producers. Allah tells

Muslims that resources are given to them free but

as a test of their deeds, to test which of them will

do most good with the resources (food) by providing

better, more beneficial deeds (to themselves, to

people and the surrounding environment) [Al-Quran: 2:155, 11:7, 18:7, and 67:2].

Immigration: In Islam, the term is used for migration is “Hijra” (‫ ھجرۃ‬.(As active
participle form is “Muhajir” (‫) مھاجر‬In Islamic tradition it correspondingly
comprehends two relevant terms such as “Ghurba” and “Gharib”. Each termhas a
meaning of being unfamiliar in a definite region. The dissimilarity in meanings of
Ghurba and hijra is: the Hijra comprises a permanent moving while Ghurba may be
either temporary or permanent.There is stated a muchfamed Arabic declaration in
the view, “The stranger is blind even if he has eyes,”which describes the weakness
or helplessness of the stranger as well as advocates that the stranger wants help
and guiding leadership. “Hijrah”, in Islamic law, most often concerns to leave a
region to seek sanctuary, freedom of religion, freedom from harassment and/or
for any other purpose. Furthermore, with another aspect the term “Hijrah” may
also refer to leave a low-grade way of life for a superior or more righteous way. In
a hadith Abdullah Ibn 'Amr (RA) narrated that the messenger of Allah (May peace
and blessings be upon him) said:“A Muslim is the one who avoids harming Muslims
with his tongue and hands. And a muhajir is the one who gives up (abandons) all
what Allah has forbidden”.Muslims are encouraged by Islam to migrate for gaining
experience, for a better life and earn a living from one place to another. Moreover,
Islamteaches to travel through the regions of the world to observe the living things
of Allah (Almighty) for and then praise Allah. In the Righteous Qur’ān thereare
several verses where Allah (the Almighty) encourages human beings to pass
through around the earth to get hold of knowledge which carrying great weight for
the sake of other human beings as well as acquire information from past
generation’s history who had been shattered and razed to the ground from the
earth by Allah (the Victorious) because of their negligence, disobedience and
misbehavior.The Holy Quran reveals;“It is He (Allah) who has made the earth
manageable for you, so traverse ye through its tracts and enjoy of the sustenance
which He furnishes: but unto Him is the Resurrection”.

LGBTQ ISSUES: With over a billion followers, Islam is the second largest religion
in the world, and noted for its diversity of culture and ethnicity. Founded by the
prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in 622 CE, Islam is an Abrahamic religion
that shares its roots with Judaism and Christianity and recognizes Abraham, Moses
and Jesus as prophets. Its sacred texts are the Qur’an, and secondary sources are
found in cultural practices such as Sunnah and less so in Hadith, which continue to
be studied and interpreted by both scholars and the faithful. At the core of Islam is
the Shahadah, a declaration of faith that states, "There is no god but God, and later
adaptations added “and Muhammad is the messenger of God." The Shahadah is
one of the Five Pillars of Islam that also include charitable giving, fasting, praying
several times each day, and going on pilgrimage to Mecca, if economically feasible,
at least once in a lifetime. Because Islam has no central governing body, it is not
possible to state clear policies regarding issues of interest to LGBTQ people.
Depending on nationality, generation, family upbringing, and cultural
influences, Islamic individuals and institutions fall along a wide spectrum, from
welcoming and inclusive to a level of rejection that can be marked by a range of
actions ranging from social sequestration to physical violence. In the United
States, there is a growing movement to create inclusive communities for LGBTQ
Muslims and their allies. This encompasses scholarly work that interprets
sacred texts through a lens shaped by Muhammad’s own celebration of the
diversity of Creation.

Media: Social media is a phrase, to look at each word individually. Social

means a way of communicating with others by sharing information with them
and ob-taining information from them. Media means communication device,
such as the Internet (TV, radio, and newspaper media are examples of more
tradi-tional types). From these two separate terms, we can pull together a
fundamental defini-tion: Social media is a web-based communication tool that
enables the shar-ing of both sharing and eating information with each other
(Nations, 2019). Social media is a website or application that allows people to
share their con-tent very quickly and efficiently and as a means of
communicating with peo-ple you know or strangers. Social media refers to the
definition of "Internet-based application built on Web 2.0, Web 2.0 is a concept
and refers to a platform for collective intelli-gence to use" (Huang &
Benyoucef, 2013). What turns out to be the definition of social media is
through which we can send our daily news from a place through a little time to
thousands of people by writing or video at the same time, the name of social
media. In simple language, social media can be called an internet-based
communica-tion medium, which uses ICT materials, and it can easily and easily
ex-change data with one or more people. A society in which Islamic culture is
dominant. It’s called also Islamic society. Simply, defined as society "people in a
defined area are a group of interac-tions and shared culture" (Renzetti &
Curran, 2000). Islamic society "for a logical and peaceful coexistence, an
organizationformed in accordance with the Divine Law" (Muslehuddin, 1977).
Other scholars used the word Ummah instead of the word of Islamic society.
They have quoted these words from the Holy Quran. In this context, the words
Ummah and the village (Kuraiya) have been used for the society (Abdul Jabr
Mohammad 1987). Allah (SWT) said: “That is a nation which has passed on. It
will have [the consequence of] what it earned and you will have what you have
earned. And you will not be asked about what they used to do” (2:141). “That is
because your Lord would not destroy the cities for wrongdoing while their
people were unaware”(6:131). Muslim society or the Ummah, "a large number
of people or individuals who have kept common beliefs and goals, those who
intend to move forward and go together to meet them are a common goal"
(Shari'ati, 1979). Al-Farooqui has used the term Islamic Ummah to specify
society. The Um-mah "has been defined as a universal society in which the
maximum possible subscription inherent in nations or communities, but also
the social order of Islam confined to their specific commitments". It shows that
a person of faith and Divine Law, tied with the Muslims, and it is a key feature
of Islamic so- (Raji, 1998). In my own opinion, which is easily defined as an
Islamic society, and each place a long time to unite the Islamic faith and the
divine laws, and to im-prove their relationship and continuity of their
operations are controlled. This Society definition includes non-Muslims, under
the Islamic State, with all their rights, duties and obligations.

Violence: The Muslim community in the United States is a multi‐ethnic,

multi‐racial community. Thereare 6 to 7 million Muslims in the United States,
with the largest sub‐groups being South Asian,Arab and African American.1 In
addition to ethnic and racial diversity, Muslims come fromdifferent educational
and socio‐economic backgrounds and practice their religious teachings
tovarious degrees.The diverse nature of this population can lead to challenges
for advocates. While some cultural norms and the misinterpretation of certain
religious texts may lead to an increased propensitytowards domestic violence
in certain sectors of the Muslim population, certain cultural and/orreligious
practices may appear oppressive when taken out of context, but simply
representdifferent values and beliefs that are not necessarily oppressive in and
of themselves. Oneexample is the gender segregation that occurs socially in
some Arab countries. Another exampleis the complementary but different
gender roles in Muslim families, including the leadershiprole that men play in
the family.Incidence of Domestic Violence in Muslim Families There is
relatively little data about the incidence of domestic violence among Muslims.
Often,Muslims are part of studies of particular ethnic groups (Arab, South
Asian) but may not be identified specifically as Muslims. Also, due to the taboo
nature of the subject, Muslims areoften reluctant to report or speak out about
their experiences.Two surveys that have been cited in multiple places suggest
that the Muslim community in theUnited States suffers at least the same
degree of domestic violence as the general population. Ina survey of 63 Muslim
leaders and community members, at least ten percent of participantsreported
having experienced physical abuse. 2 In another survey of 500 Arab women (98
percentof whom were Muslim) in the Dearborn, Michigan area, 18 to 20
percent of the women hadexperienced spouse abuse.3Unique Aspects of
Domestic Violence in the Muslim Community There is no single theory that
fully or conclusively explains domestic violence.4 There are somepatterns,
however, that have been observed in this author’s clinical work with Muslim
familiesover the past ten years. There are many immigrant Muslim families in
which violence did not occur until after comingto the United States. Women in
these families report having noticed a change in their husbands.

Solution of Sectarian Problems of Muslim Ummah

in the light of Seerah of Muhammad PBUH:

This Ummah is the emblem of unity, unanimity, evenness and peace. This is the
Ummah, based on the Holy Quran, that has conveyed the message of love,
peace, endurance and sympathy to the human world. It presents such a
curriculum, in the form of the Holy Qur’ān, for humanity which is not only
blameless of every drawback but also a wellspring of guidance and injunction
till the resurrection day. Today the Muslim Ummah is a victim of several
problems like unity meagerness, corruption, oppressiveness, inferiority
complex, socialdispensation, dispossession of electronic media and lack of
confidence at government level. The Palestinian Muslims are facing Israelite
militarismfor the last plus seventy five years. Indian state terrorism is
increasing everyday in occupied Kashmir. Internal strife in Syria and Yemen has
made Public life wearisome. In Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and other
countriesdiabolical forces are attenuating the Muslim world silently.
Cumulatively, uncertainty, political misery, religious consensus, lack of well -
organizedplanning, detachment from Islamic teachings and materialism, all
these are common in the whole Muslim world. Above all these issues,
sectarianism in Muslim Ummah is the most dangerous aspect that has
completelydissipated us. We are not merely the prey of this problem in
religious sector but also have divided politically into several gangs. God
Almighty hasinterdicted the Muslim Ummah from schismaticalness. He states in
the Holy Quran. “O ye who believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared, and die
not except in a state of Islam. And hold fast, all together, by the rope which
Allah [stretches out for you], and be not divided among yourselves.” At another
place He commands: “And obey Allah and His Messenger, and fall into no
disputes, lest ye lose heart and your power depart; and be patient and
persevering: For Allah is with those who patiently persevere.”If some Muslims
squabble among themselves the Holy Quran orders to make peace among them
so that the dispute may not be beyond the limit. The Quran says: “If two parties
among the Believers fall into a quarrel, make ye peace between them. But if
one of them transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then fight ye [all]
against the one that transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah;
but if it complies, then make peace between them with justice, and be fair: for
Allah loves those who are fair [and just].The Believers are but a single
Brotherhood: So make peace and reconciliation between your two [contending]
brothers; and fear Allah, that ye may receive Mercy.”