CAREER ENDEAVOUR PUBLICATIONS has taken due care in collecting the data and providing the solutions, before publishing this book. Inspte ofthis, any inacouracy or printing erars are there, CAREER ENDEAVOUR PUBLICATIONS ores, fo responsioiliy. CAREER ENDEAVOUR PUBLICATIONS wil be grateful f you could poiat out any such error. Your suggestions willbs highly appreciated, © All right reserved by CAREER ENDEAVOUR PUBLICATIONS. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission from the publisher. Jc, Office: 28.N/11, Jia Sarai New Delhi-16; Ph: 011-26851008, 26 ae unow.careerendeavaut comPREFACE ‘The book “General Aptiaude” is writen with the objective of providing description of principles involved in General Aptitude including their application at a level suitable for B.Tech. and M.Sc. students. This book will be highly usefill for the candidates preparing for various competitive examinations at national and state levels such as CSIR-UGC-NET/IRF, GATE, SLET, ete In all the papers of CSIR-UGC-NETURF and GATE examinations, GA questions carry 15 percent ‘weightage of total marks, + Inevery year CSIR-UGC-NET/IRF includes at least 30 marks from this section out of 200 marks + In every year GATE paper includes atleast (5 marks from this section out of 100 marks, Apart fiom CSIR-UGC-NETIRF, GATE, SLET, this book will also be very useful to candidates appearing for varinus Public Sector examinations ie. NTPC, HPCL, et. The book contains a brief description on every topic of General Aptitude, The book is designed and prepared in such a way that it provides the required information regarding almost every topic to General aptitude with emphasis on logical reasoning graphical analysis, analytical and numerical ability, quantitative comparisons, series formation, puzzles etc. Numerical Ability: Numerical computation, mumerical estimation, numerical reasoning and data interpretation, Verbal Ability: English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, y then weuse bianomhial theorem, but x= y-+ta, then (y+a)" +y gives the remainder a*. 7” <6, What willbe remainder? 7 =(641)? + . what will be remainder? 46° = (45-41) =(5x941)" + (i) fx = x=7orx=l Therefore, the roots are 7, |Nomber System Formaiae: 1. (a+b)(a~b)=(a? -b’) 2. (a+b) =(a? +b? +2ab) 3. (a-b)’ = (a? +b? 2a) 4. (atb+e)? ( (2 +b*)=(a+b)(a?~ab+b?) ( ( F +b? +e? 42(ab+be-+ca) 5. a’ —b* a~b)(a? +ab+b?) 7, (a +b? +e? —3abe) =(a+b+0)(a? +b? +0? ~ab—be-ac) (a+b+e)[ (avy +(b-e)' +(e~a)'] 8. Whena+b+c=0, then 43 4. 9. (a+b) b’ +3ab(a tb} 10. (a-b —b? +3ab(=a+b) From above result itis clear that a4-b" is ab.10. 12, 13, 14, Number System ‘What willbe the remainder when (29)*is divided by 28? (a0 (1 ©29 @s A number is multiplied by 5 and 25 is added to it, The result is divided by 5 and the original number is subtracted from the same, The remainder will be (@)5 (1 @2 (d)3 ‘The ratio of two murmbes is 15:L1. their HCE is 13, then the numbers are (a) 75, 55 (b) 45, 22 (©) 104, 44 (d) 195, 143 1 What i the smallest whole number thats exactly divisible by 1 2 and 35? (a) 132 (b) 130 (138s (@ 124 it Vx -Jy =1 and vx + fy =17 and Jxy =? (st (ey 16 On @n Find number of divisors of 1420 | (a) 12 (b) 1335 (c) 14 (als If 375A is divisible by9, find the Value ofA e : ie @1 @3 OPT AG 76+58)' +(76-58)° (61887 26-8 5 @2 (0)4 The letters A, B, C,D, E, Fand: 10 such that () Dis3 less than A ? (ii) BiSthe middle term fa F ivas nach less than B as ¢ is greater tran D. Go) Gis groater than F Wheat isthe value (A-F)? Bf 4 @4 @3 > ©2 A snail isat the bottom of 20-meter deep it. Everyday the snail climbs 5 meters upwards, but at vig it slides 4 meters back downwards. How many days does it take before the small reaches the top of the pit? (a)20 b)19 (17 (a) 16 1 Divide 50 i two parts such that the sumof eciprocal is 5. Whatare the numbers? (a) 20, 30 (6) 24, 26 (0) 28,22 (36,14 ‘What are the values of the digits A and B if the number 79A856776B is divisible by 8 and 9? @1.a (9,0 9,8 Ra By reversing the digit ofthe number 13, the number is increased by 18. How many other two-digit nunibers increase by 18, when their digits are reversed? 8 ()7 (6 @5 M men agree to parchase a gift for Rs. D. Ifthree men drop out, how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift? (a) D(M-3) (b)MD/3 (©) M(D-3) (d) 3D/(M*-3M) 38 19 ai 22, 23, 4, 25 26. 27, 28, 29.Number System . e2eseeemese 15. What is the next number in the series es’ ae’ 25° ce = 6 1 @ sv5 o) 25V5 © 125 @ 25 16. Themumber of 0's (zeros) in the value 1000! is: (@ 100 (b)200 (249 (250 17. The number of boys in a class is three times the number of girls. Which one of the following murberscannot represent the total number of children in the class? (48. (44 (42 (40 18. A father three times as old as his son. Fivé years back, he was four times as old as his son. The age of the sonis (a) 12 (b) 15 (@I1s (a) 20 19. Ifthe operation, A is defined by the equation xAy = 2x + y, the value ofa in 2/Aa =aA3 given by (a1 (b)0 @l (2 20. Begin writing positive integers (in decimal notatio) sequentially. What is the 1, 000th digit written? qo (ol 6 (@) None of the above. 21. Which letter follows 4 in the Sequence: 1A2D314_5Y @A )Q es @T @P 22, Thedigit inthe unit’s position of (777)" is (ao (b)3 ()7 (1 23. Aperson while distributing some mangoes to his friends observes that ifhe gives 10 each, 9 mangoesare left with him; but ifhe gives 9 each; 8 are left, Ifhe gives 8 each, 7. aus eta soon. Lastly ifhe gives 2 each, 1 is left, The number of mangoes the person has is (a) 5220 (b) 5039. (©) 5219. d)'5040 24. What isthe last digit in 2"? 7 @2 (b)4 6 @s 25, The sumoftwo digits ofa nunibér'is 15,19/3s added to the'umber then the digits get reversed. Which of the following is FALSE about the number (@) The number has the two digits separated by a difference of one. (b) The number is divisible by 3. (©) The number is divisible by 6 (@) The number is divisible by 9. 26. 100! = 1x23x.....*100 ends exactly in how many zeroes? (24 (b) 10 @u @ai 27. Let ‘a’ and ‘b’ be two positive integers. The number of factors of 87" are (a2 Q)atb+2 (jab+1 @ (a+ I(b+1) 28, 1f(12*22*35)/p isan integer, which of the following CANNOT be the value of p? | @I5 (21 (©28 @50 ] 29. The age of grandfather in years is the same as that of his grand-daughters inmonths. Iftheir ages differ by 55 | ‘years, the age ofthe grand-daughter is 1 i (@) Spy () 5;ymonths (©) Syears {@) None ofthe above. iNumber System 10. U1. HINTS & SOLUTIONS (29y” =(284) Answer is (b) Let number is x Multiply by 5, then 5x, added 25 then 5x-+25 Result divided by 5 then =x-+5 Subtracted initial number then x +5 —x=5 ‘Let number are 15x and 11x. HCF is 13 ‘Thus only possible numbers are 13 * 15 and 13211 Answer is (d) li Answer is (a) va-Jyel @ i ves y-17 2 Vx=9 are y=8 6 Answer is (d) 1420 = 2x2x5x7x1 Number of divisor = (2+ 1) (1 Answer is (a) Sumission of digits =3+7+5 + ‘Thus only possible value of Ais 3. Answer is) ? ‘Answer is (a) (@) cannot be determined because integers are seven and value is 10. In one day it climbs only 1 m. So, in 15 daysit finally olombs 15 mand 16" day he climbs Sm and reach the top. $0, 16 day are required. ‘Answers (d) Let one part is x. ‘Then another part would be 50-x ipa te = x 50-x 12 x{50-x) =12*50 x? ~50x +600 = => x?—30x~20x+600=0 x(x-30}-20(x-30)=0 => (x-20)(x-30)=0 => x=200r30 Answers (a) Ss x‘Number System 12. Anynumber is divisible by 8 iflast 3 digit of number is divisible by 8 also ifsum of digit of given number is divisible by 9 then that number is divisible by 9. Hence, 9, 0 is our answer Answer is (cand d) 13. Number isincreased by 18 when difference of digit is 2 So, number is -24, 35, 46, 68, 79, 57 Answer is6 ie. (c) 14. Since, Mmen purchase a gift for=Rs. D ‘Therefore, I man share =D/M 1£3 men dropout then I man share = D/(m-3) D__D_Dm-Dm+3D__ 3D m3 m~ (m-3)m m—3m ‘Then more contribution ‘Answer is (d) 23.4 5 6 V5°5? ss” 25’ 255 Answer is (b) 15, 16. Hence number of zero = 2004048 +1 = 249 Plonek Answer is () f 17, The number of boys are 3 imbibe So, Girl=x and Boy=3x Hence, total student ~x + 3x=4% So, the number which is not divisible by-4 is ouranswer, Hence, 42 Answer is (0) J oh Ec 18. IfSon=x year Father =3x year 5 hear back, Soa = x-5 Father =3x-3 Hence, 4(x-5) = 3x5 4x~20=3x-5 4x-3x=20-5 > x= 15 Answer is (b) 19. xAy=2x4+y = 2ha=2x2t+a=dta ( aA3=2a+3 = 44a=2a+3 1 4 Answer is (c) 20. Answeris (@), ayae ne SRNR ‘Number System A203 1 4 PSY Answer is (d) 22, 777-44 given remainder 1 Hence, (777)"S units our result Hence, 7 i Answer is (c) 23, Ifdiflerence of divisor and remainder is same for each group. Then take LCM of divisorand substract difference of divisor-remaindes from them, 2 sere s Therefore, LCM = 2x2x3x5x35247 = 420%6 But 2520 is not given hence another number Hence, Answer = 5040 ~ 1 = 5039) Answer is (b) 3 24, $4.14 givesremainder 2 s Hence, last digit 2?=4 # Answer is (b) 8 25. Sum of digit is 15 and when 9 added number. Check all option : 4 Answer is (d) 5 | 100 disiat 5 5] 20 . 5 26. — 4 5 Hence, number of zero =20-+4=24 Answer is (a) 27. Answeris(d) 28, ‘Because 50 cannot exactly divide the numerator, while other number can divide it. Answer is (@) 29. Let grand father = x yrs. Grand daughter=x month= 7 yrs = UK 55 2Soin. Soln. Soln, => at 13 B 34-13 214 ean) 7 7 7 7 17 On children’s day sweets were to be equallydistributed amongst 540 children, But on that particular day, 120 children were absent. Thus, each child got 4 sweets extra, How many sweets was each child originally sup- posed to get? Suppose, each child was supported to get.x sweets. Then we have, 42084 540%x = (540 ~ 120) (x4) = 120x=420x4 0 X= =14 126 ‘Therefore, x= 14 sweets, ‘ The difference between the squares of two consecutive odd integers is always divisible by which digits or numbers? as ee Let the two consecutive odd numbers be (2n+ 1) and (i 3) respectively: Then, (2n-+3) -(2n+1f =(2n34:20+1\(2n#3— S01) = (44) x28 (n+ 1), sich is divisible by 8.” “October 2, 2001” in MMDDYYY¥ format is a palindrome (a string that reads the same forwardsas it does backwards example, 10/02/2001 ..... 10022001). When was the latest century before October 2, 2001 that is also a palindrome? (a) 13" century (b) 14* century. (c) 17. centary. + (d)20" century Find the largest natural number which exactly divides the product of any 4 consecutive natural numbers. Required number= 1x2*3«4 = 24 Therefore, required number = 24 [It is applicable for all 4 consecutive natural numbers}, ‘Murari, Arun and Nitin start at the same time in the sarne direction to run around a circular stadium. Murari completes around in 126 seconés, Arun in 154 seconds and Nitin in 99 seconds, al starting a the same point. After what time will they meet again at the starting point? Required time = L.C.M. of 126 sec, 154 sec and 99 sec. 2126, 154,99 1163, 77, 99 9163, 7,9 717.7. {41,1 ‘Therefore, required time = 211x927 = 1386 sec = 23 min, 06 see.Number System Soin. ‘Amit, Bijender and Chandu go walking round citcle | km in circumference at the rates of 10 m/min, 20 mv’ min and 40 m/min respectively. Ifthey all start together and walk in the same direction, when will hey be together at the same place? (@after50 minute ()after 100 minute (¢) after 240 minute (d) after 800 minute Inan examination, a student average marks were 63 per paper. Ifhe had obtained 20 more marks for his Biochemistry paper and 2 more matks for his Microbiology paper, his average per paper would have been 65. How many papers were there in the examinations? Assume there be x papers. ‘Total marks ofall papers = 62x fomquestion, 65x ~ 63x = 2042 = 2x=22CHAPTER Average Average : The average ofa number isa measure of the central tendency of. set of numbers. Inother words, an estimate of where the centre point-ofa set of numbers lies. The basic formula for the average ofn numbers X,%25%3p--y 18 Xy$X2 +Xy Foot X, )/n-= (Total sum of n numbers)/n is also means A, x= total im of‘n’ numbers. The average is always edlculated fora set of numbers Sum of observations ) Numbér-of observation ae ‘Weighted average: When we have 2 or more groups whose individual average are known then to find the combined average ofall the elements ofall the groups we use weighted average:‘Thus if we have k groups with average A,,A,, A, and having n,n, ......n, elements then the Weighted average is given by the formula, mAs +n5Ay MgAS ton my Ag nprng yay +m, A Example-1: Thete are two sections A and B ofa lass consisting of 36 and 44 students respectively. Ifthe average weight of section A is 40 kg and that of section B is 35 kg. Calculate average weight of whole class. 364044435 sf 36444 Important points about average: (1) The average always lies above the lowest number of the set and the below highest number of the set. (2) The net deficit due to the numbers below the average always equals the net surplus due to the numbers above the average. (3) Ages and averages: Ifthe average age of a group of persons is x years today then after ‘n’ years their average age will be (xn). Also, n years ago their average age would have been (x-n). This happens due to the fact that for a group af people, | years is added to each persons’ age every year. t 7.25sverage aver NES eM gsS 1, There were 35 students in « hostel. Due to the admission of 7 new students the expenses ofthe mess were incseased by Rs. 42 per day while the average expenditure per hand diminished by Rs. 1. The originalexpen- dinare of the mess was 6 (@) 45075 {b) 32038 (©) 55058 (6) 4208 Soln, Let original average expenditure =x rs then original expenditure for 35 studen After admission of 7 new students average expenditure = (x—1) 18 hence total expenditure = 42(x—1)rs 42(x-1) 35x =42 42x—42~—35x = 42 Tx=84=>12=x * then original expenditure = 35 * 1 2. persons went to a hotel for taking their meals, Eight of the spent 12 rs each on their meals and the ninth spent 8 1s. more than the average expenditure ofall the time. What was the total money spent by them (@) lists (b) 1l6rs. (117s © @ilsrs 1. Soln, Let the average expenditure to all of them=21s then total expenditure = 9 x x- $ 35ers Soin. Now, 12«8 + (x +8) = 9x Soln, 96 +x + B= 9x = 104 =13 3. The average of 20 numbers is zefo fiom at most how miny maybe seater than zero. (a0 1 Soln. Average of 20 number =0 Therefore, sum of 20 numbers : Then it is possible that 19 of these number may be positive iftheir sum is equal to 20th negetive number. 8 4, The captainofa cricket team of 11 membersis26 years old and the wicket keeper is 3 yrs older. the ages ofthese two are excluded, the average ages of remaining player is One year‘less than the average age of the Soln. whole team. What isthe average age of the team? (a) 23 yrs (b) 24 yrs (0) 25 yrs (@) none ofthese Soln. Let the average age of whole team =x yrs then total age = Nx yrs. Now, after excluding 2 player the average age = (x1) hence, total age = 9(x-1) yrs Now, 11x—(26+29)=9(x-1) I1x-55=9x-9 2x=46=23 5. Acar owner buys petrol at 7.50 rs, 8 rs and 8.50 rs per litre for three sucessive years. What approximately is e the average cost per litre of the petrol ifhe spends Rs. 4000 each year (a) 7.9818 (b) 81s (8.5088 (ors Soln, Total quantity ofpetrol consumed in3 yrs Soln. 4000 00 ie = 7600 litres total amount spend = 34000 = 12000 rsAverage Soin, Soin, Soln, Soin, 12000 _12000x51 Hence, average cost= 76700" —peqon 7 19878 1S ‘The average of 6 numbers is x and the average of three of these isy. Ifthe average of remaining three is z, Then (a x=ytz (b) 2x=y+z (© x=2y422 (@) none of these Let the numbers are a,,4,,4,54,,,,.4, +a, tata tata, hence, can cieemaea 6 2 atatarta,ta,ta,=6x a,+a,+a, Seer hee > atata=3y, atata hence, 3y+3z=6x, ytz=2x Ofthe 3 numbers, the average of the first and second is greater than the average of second and third by 15. ‘What is the difference between the first and the third of the three number (@ 1s (4s 55 (@none of these Let the mumbers are a,,a, and a, 4,~a, =2x15=30 Ifmean ofa, band cis Mand (ab + bc + ca) = 0, then mean of a, b?and c?is (@oM (b) 3M (OM (@)none of these 4 = a's +c? =(atb+c)'-2(ab+be+ca) Now, mean ofa, b,cisM ath 3 then, a? 45? +0? =(3M)*-2x0=9M? (a+b+c) =a? +b? +084 3(abslbe +2 ‘eM a+b+e=3M hence, 2_a@ +b +c 9M? 3 3 =3M* then mean of a? +5* +c" 1 M,N, O, P and Qare 5 consecutive integers and the average ofthese 5 numbers is less than Te ofM. Then which ofthe following option is comect. (a)Mispositive (b) Misnegative _()Miseven (@) Data inconsistent ‘Since, M,N, O, Band Q are positive integers. So, O is the average of these 5 numbers. And for O tobe less than M, M must be greatest term in the A.P. hence, N= (M-1) , = (M-2), P = (M-3) and Q=(M-4)