BRS _G210__ ER upc HF _10486 wKRK @ + ¥* tl #@ X PAH A Fe? BA a RIP RR: KALA RMR Stereotypes and Mutual Images of Cognition of the Arabs and Chinese: A perspective on Cross-Culture and Intercultural Communication wt Ft 4 we %: Mb (Yahya Sharahili) HPRIMMRZ. RR ANH KK % He Le mR: fe if Ea ow R Bw Ms Bw MR kh fe Ht =O0-O#+=A‘The People Republic of China Wahan University ‘School of Journalism & Communication Stereotypes and Mutual Images of Cognition of Arabs and Chinese: A perspective on Cross-Culture and Intercultural Communication Descriptive & Analytical study Submitted for obtaining a PHD degree in Cross-Culture & Intercaltural Communication from the ‘College of Joumalism & Communication at the University of Wuhan in China By YAHYA HASSAN SHARAHILI SUPERVISED By : Proficovr SHIVi Ding, December 2010EA AA ARON EE STE SP Shr eR, ERT Gi PR, BRERAALE, SIMCNRMITA, AAR EA BRETT A AR RAE TE, REAPS BH PRO CB pare FR AMPAARL H BRE TEL T MARAT RE. A PALIC RAVE EINER PRE, BUA RETA UR IE RO ABT TR BLAIR 2 18 3c HY SEED EA FIR, SPE AB. ARIAS TT RACES SAE ABA A AERA PER Hh BG EAI SHURE) BETE IRS, WAT RAE, REN ARIS JES Hl FBR TL MATE. AWKRRD Se/O—4/ORF/OSFU es, ABA. YE: RBPUMON, ERASE TRE. “) irase’ SEZ, vou, 4 a? & tA a Dare (et Shh: BE 0071/05 2. OS eub:it Ht, RERHRH CHS ITH BR, WHR T RS BIA S. WORK HERABS, UAE KMES. ARH TB CR Tal AD, AYRE AT AMER, RNR TA HSM. felt, Ria ARR ALE NA ROE REBGHS-TARLULWAKS, FOREARMS, BARRAPR ASAE MAEM AEN RES LA, Barwa Hy RRAPRSEMARRALT AS ER, ARAAT RZ, RR AURERMLMAMZAIndex Content of Tables ~ Dedication POCA Abstract « - Preface of the Study: Stereotypes and Mutual Images of Cognition of Arabs and Chinese: A perspective oA Chapter 1 Stereotype image. Influencing factors and channels of communication 12 1.1 CONCERT OF STEREOTYPE IMAGE~~~ 1.2 FACTORS CREATING THE STEREOTYPE IMAGE: on Cross-Culture and Intercultural Communication 1.2.1 Religious Factor- 1.2.2 Beonomic Factors 1.2.3 Wars and conflicts 1.2.4 Tourism 1.2.5 Social Factors: 1,3 CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION CREATION THE STEREOTYPE IMAGE 1.3.1 Press: 1.3.2 Audiovisual Media~ 1.3.3 Cinema: 1.3.4 Intemet- 1.3.5 Means of Personal Communication: Chapter 2 Channels of Cultural Communicatior 2.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND ITS SPHERES ~ 2.1.1 The Communication 2.41.2 The Culture» 32 (2.2 CULTURAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS ~~ “35 2.2.1 Family 38 2.2.2 Places of Worship “=~ 36 2.2.3 Media “+ “1 " “e " 37 i r“2314 Educational Institutions 2.2.5 Official Institutions and Workplaces. 2.2.6 Books Fait Chapter 3 Methodology & work stream 3.1 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY “ 3.1.1 Methodology: 3.1.2 Study Population( study community) ~ 3.1.3 Study Tool: 3.2 PEARSON FACTOR OF THE STUDY « 3,2.1 Study Toal For Arab People: 3.2.2 Study tool of the Chinese people =" 3.2.3 Reliability of the study: 3.2.4 Methods of statistical treatment: 3.3 QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE ARAB PEOPLE. 3.3.1 General Information for a sample study of the Arabs: 3.3.2. Study questions - 3.4 QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE: 3.4.1 Goneral information for sample study of the Chinese people: 3.42 Study questions: Chapter 4; Today and Tomorrow's Cultural & media Cooperation Between China and Arab Countries 4.1 ARABIAN COUNTRIES OVERVIEW: 4.2 REALITY OF COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF MEDIA: 4.3 FUTURE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION (MEDIA): 4.4 ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION ON ARAB STATES IN NOWADAYS CHINESE MEDIA. 106 110 TL Chapter 5 Results, Discussion, Suggestions ~~ 5.1 ARAB PEOPLE: 5.2 QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE: "+" old 5.3 REASONS FOR THLE EXISTENCE OF A MENTAL PICTURE OF THE CURRENT.“ 118 5.4 ROLE PLAYED BY GOVERNMENTS OF ARAB COUNTRIES AND CHINA IN “119 (CREATING A POSITIVE IMAGE OF THEIR PEOPLE. 5.4 The Actions Taken By China to Find a Arab States Mental Image in the ne : 120 Vv Tl5.4.2 Action Taken By Arab Countries to Find a Positive Mental Image of Her in China «-~ 5.5 SUGGESTIONS~ 5.5.1 Media Field, 5.5.2 Cultural Fields. Questionnaire of the Arab People - Questionnaire of the Chinese People~ eR References~ 123 127 128 128 “131 “136 “137 “142Content of Tables ‘Table (1) — Pearson's correlation coefficients for the phrases of the center of the image of the Arabs about the Chinese. Note that Pearson factor at the level of significance is ool. 43 Table (2) ~ Pearson's correlation coefficients for the phrases of the effective factors in forming the image of the Arabs about the Chinese. Note that the personal factor at Ad the level of significance is< 0.01 .. Table (3) — Pearson's correlation coefficients for the phrases of the center of the image of Chinese about the Arabs . Table (4) ~ Pearson's correlation coefficients for the phrases of the effective factors in forming the image of the Chinese about the Arabs . Table No (5) - (Cronbach's Alpha (a)) to ensure the stability of the tool of the study... Table No (6) - Disturbing the study sample according to the variety of sex... Table (7) ~ Disturbing study sample according to the variety of age Table (8) ~ Disturbing study sample according to the variety of scientific qualification... 48 Table (9) - Disturbing study sample according to the variety of monthly income, ‘Table (10) - To which the Arabian country person belongs. ‘Table (11) - Disturbing samples of the study according to the varity of specialization .. 50. ‘Table No. (12) - The responses of the study sample for the plrases of the center of personal impression to the Arabs about China in weneral by according to the descending order forthe averaue approval. st Con - Table No. (13) - The responses of the study sample forthe phrases ofthe center of ‘personal impression to the Arabs about China in general by according to the 52 descending order for the average approval . ve Table No. (14) - The responses of the study sample for the phrases of center that forming factors personal impressions about China in general arranged in descendant order according to the average of impact... 54 Cont — table (15) - The responses of the study sample for the phrases of center that forming factors personal impressions about China in general arranged in desvendant order according to the average of impact...., Table (16) ~Do you know Chinese? Table (17)-If abt did you yisit China before? viTable (18)- Ifnot, do you wanttto visit China? Tale (19) - What are the places you wish to visit Table (20) - Did you deal with the Chinese? Table (21) - If you deal with the Chinese, then how did you find them dealing with Arabs ? Table (22) - How do you think of the Chinese ? .. Table (23) - Do you read or watch Chinese news? Table (24) - If yes, which fields of news interest you?.... Table (25)- How do you see the Chinese economical position?. ‘Table (26) - How do you see the Chinese political position’ .. Total (27) - How do you see China's industrial position’, Table (28) ~ Did you have any specific impression before 2000 about China and its penple? China and its people ?. Table (31) - Ifyes, indicate the degree change of your impressioy ‘Table (32) - Disturbing study sample according to the variable of sex. Table (33) - Disturbing study samples according to the variable of age Table No (34) - Disturbing study sample according to the variable of qualification. Table No (35) - Disturbing study sample according to the variable of monthly income ...69 Table No (36) - Disturbing samples of the study according te the variable of spesializativm 69 Table No (37) - Disturbing study samples according to the variable of the city they belong w. 70 Table No (38) - Responds to the study samples on phrases of personal impression of Chinese about the Arabian countries in a descending order according to the average vin 7 Cont - Table No (39) -Responds to the study samples on phrases of personal impression of of importance... Chinese ebout the Arabian countries in a descending order according to the average of importance a Table, No, (40) - The responses'to, the stady sample phrases factors configure: personal impressions about the Arab in general, in descending order by average importance. 75 vuCont - The(41) responses of the study sample phrases factors-eonfigure- personal impressions about Arabs in general, in descending order by average importance. aL Table No (42) - Do you know that the number of Arabian countries is 227 79 19 80 80. 81 82 1-82 83 Table (43) - Which of the following countries did you hear or read of most? ‘Table (44) - Did you visit any Arabian countries before? Table (45) - Do you wish to visit Arabian countries? Table (46) - Which of the following countries you want to visit? ‘Table (47) - What are the places you want to visit in Arabian countries? Table (48) - Do you know any Aribs? Table (49) - Have you dealt with Arabs before?. Table No (50) - If you have dealt with Arabs, how do you find dealing withArab's and ‘Chinese? 83 ‘Table (51) - What is your general thought about Arabs 84 Table (52) ~ If you are interesting in reading Arab news, what fields are you always reading about? ‘Table (53) - How do you see the economical position of Arabian countries?.. Table (54) - How do you see the political position of Arabian countries? , Table (55) - How do you sec the position of Industrial Arabs?... Table (36) - Do you think that Arabian products contributed in changing your impression about the Arabs? ‘Table (57) ~ What is the degree of change that happened to your impression about Arabs (because ofthe Arabian products }? ‘Table (SR) - What are the most Arabian products you've purchased? .. ‘Table (59) - Do you have any specific impression before 2000 about Arabian countries 89 and its people? usecase : ‘Table (60) - What is the degree of change that happened to your impression? ...........89 ‘Table No (61) - Shows the impression of Chinese people about the Arabian political position... Table (62) ~ Shows the impression of Chinese people about the Arabian economical position. Table (63) -Shows the vision of Chinese people about the Arabian cultural position able (64) - Shows the vision of Chinese people about the Arabian political positio ‘Table (65) shows the vision of Chinese people about the Arabian economical position ..92 Table (66) Shows the vision of Chinese people about tne Arabian cultural position....92-table (67) The Effective communication methods in forming the mental image about the Chinese, 113 -table (68) The Effective communication methods in forming the mental image about the Arab 18Dedication ‘'m honor to dedicate this work to His Highness Prince Khalid bin Saud Bin Khalid Al Saud, deputy of the Ministry of Foreign Afiairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for his support and encouragement which has been appointed after the God in my success through his noble This study also dedicate to my family, my mother, brothers, and sisters, as well as my wife with all my wishes for luck and success to allHE AEA SMA SHEARER: SCALES SHC OHRD a ZEA AH A FO) Ae ee ERO ( FO TLAMRL MM RMB, OOM TEL A. ie ethan BLASER AOA, LET RARE SR. 4S, SOTA, BURL, SOTO S Bie SEE ARRAS ETHOS, BL, PRUE RARRRP AS, a EANEARM, HEMAAABSA AALS, WMH RRA ASR CNET, TP EMR LS, Bk, MOAT NBR. 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