Name: Date: LAB: SPECIFIC HEAT OF A METAL INTRODUCTION: Substances can be identified on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. The amount of heat energy a substance will absorb per unit of mass is one physical property that can be used to identify an unknown substance. This property can be measured quite accurately and is called speeifie heat. Specific heat is the amount of heat energy. measured in Joules, needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius. Specific heat is most often applied to metallic elements, A simple device called a calorimeter can be used to determine the specific heat of a substance, A calorimeter is an instrument that is used to measure the amount of heat released or absorbed. The calorimeter is insulated to reduce the loss or gain of heat energy from the surrounding room conditions. Heat energy always flows from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature. The heat gained by the cooler substance equals the heat lost by the warmer substance. In this lab. you will use a calorimeter to determine the specific heat of several metals. You will measure the amount of heat that is lost by a metal and gained by the water in a calorimeter. If we assume no loss of heat to the surrounding environment, then: HEAT LOST BY METAL = HEAT GAINED BY WATER If Heat = (mass) (AT) (specific heat), then: (mass of water) (AT of water) (specific heat of water) = (mass of metal) (AT of metal) (specific heat of metal) PURPOS! + Students will learn how to use & simple calorimeter. + Students will calculate the specific heat of a metal using mass and temperature data obtained by using a calorimeter. + Students will identify an unkntown metal by determining its specific heat MATERIALS LIST: 250 mL Beaker Hot plate or Bunsen burner Balance Styrofoam cup Thermometer Tongs Distilled water Copper strip Zine strip Lead strip Unknown metal SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: + Safety goggles and laboratory aprons are required. + Use proper care when using the hot plate or Bunsen burner to avoid burns. + Ifa Bunsen burner is used, tie back long hair and secure loose clothing.PROCEDURE: 6 Fill a 250 mL beaker 2/3rds full of water. Place the beaker on the hot plate and heat to the boiling point, Begin with the first metal listed in the data table. Find the mass of this piece of metal and record in the data table, Place the metal into the beaker of boiling water and heat the water to the boiling point. Leave the metal in the beaker of water for about ten minutes while you are doing steps 4 and 5. Obtain a plastic, Styrofoam cup to be used as a calorimeter and measure the mass carefully. Record Fill the Styrofoam cup with about one inch of distilled water at room temperature and record the mass, While the metal is still in the boiling water bath, measure the temperature of the boiling water with a thermometer. Record. (It is assumed that the temperature of the metal is the same as the boiling water.) Measure the temperature of the water in the Styrofoam cup and record in the data table. Remove the metal from the hot water bath and mumediately place the metal into the Styrofoam cup. Stir the water in the Styrofoam cup very slow temperature reached, (thermometers are easily broken), then record the highest Recover the metal by carefully pouring the water off. Spread the solid metal on a paper towel to dry, then return it to its container, Please do nor pour any of the metal pieces into the sink! Repeat steps 2 through 10 for each of the other metals listed in the data table. You will not need to use new water for your boiling water bath, but you may need to add some water if very much of the water evaporated during heating. You will need to use new distilled water in the Styrofoam cup each time! TEMPERATURE DATA TABL | Lead | Unknown | | Copper | a. Temperature of Boiling Water [b. Temperature of the metal before adding to the Styrofoam cup | ‘Temperature of distilled water in| |__cup before adding metal | Temperature of distilled water in| cup after adding metal_ * Change in temp in the water in | the cup (AT of water) | ** Change in temp of the metal OT of metal) ¥ AT of water =d “** AT of metal =b—dMASS DATA TABLE: Copper Zine Lead | Unknow Mass of the metal Mass of Styrofoam cup Mass of cup and water Mass of distilled water ‘ CALCULATIONS: Directions: Caleulate the specific heat of each of the four metals. Recall that the specific heat of water is 4184 Jig°C (mass of water) (AT of water) (Specific Heat of water) = (mass of metal) (AT of metal) (Specitic Heat of metal) Specific Heat of Copper: Specific Heat of Zine: Specific Heat of Lead: Specific Heat of Unknown: FINAL OBSERVATIONS: 1. What physical properties, other than specific heat, could you use to help identify the samples used in this experiment?Using the table of specific heats listed below, identify your unknown sample, Iron = 45 J/g°C Silver = 24 J/g. Gold = .13 Jig Mereury = 14 H/g-°C Aluminum =89/g°C Lead =.13 ig Zine = 39 Vg. Copper = 38 Jig-°C My unknown w. Why is water an excellent material to use in calorimetry? Using the specific heats listed in question 2, calculate your percent error for lead. Show all work below You probably got a pretty high percent error. What do you think is the biggest source of error in this lab? Calculate the specific heat of a metallic element if 314 joules of heat energy are needed to raise the temperature of a 50 g sample from 25 to 50 degrees C When 732 grams of water was heated, it absorbed 1962 Joules of heat. The origi water was 45°C, What was the final water temperature? | temperature of the