BRITISH STANDARD . Loading for buildings Part 1. Code of practice for dead and imposed loads NO COPYING WITHOUT B51 PERMISS(ON EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW’ = nn ee EY COPTRIGHT LAW BS 6399: Part 1:.1996ee BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 ‘The flowing Do cfsrencos rebue te workcon ts Conanitie reference BA2S/1 ‘Draft for carment 667100005 DG ISBN 0.580 262391 Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee santas sneetaiea soese nara ‘Amendments issued since publication ‘Ama Xo. [Dato Text affected= Committees responsible —— Tnside front cover Foreword j Z Code ofpractice 1 Seopa ‘ 2 References : 8 Definitions é 4 Dead toads a 5 Imposed floor and celteg oads i 6 Reduction in total imposed floor loads 5 7 Imposed root loads ; 8 Crane gantry ginders 3 9 Dynamic loading (excluding wind) 6 10 Parapets, barriers and balustrades 6 Vehicle baniers for car parks 6 22_Accidental load on key or protected elements 7 — A__(aomuative) Dynamic losds for dancing and jumping -- 0 bes 1. Minimam eposed floor loats 2 Reduction in total dlstibuted imposed floor loads with number of storeya 5 2 % Reduction in total dsttbuted imposed floor loads on a supporting bean or gitder with floor area 5 4 Minimum horizontal imposed loads for parapets, barriers and balustrades, ete. ¥ 5 __ ‘Typical values of contact ratio for various activites © Bot 1996nesta BS 6399; Part 1: 1996 Foreword ‘This Part of 5S 6309 has boon prepared by Subcommittee B/S2/1, Actions (loadings) ‘and basis of design. It sapersedes BS 6309): Part 1: 1984, witich is withdrawn. ‘This edition of BS 6999 - Par 1, introduces technical changes, but Jt does notreflect@ fall revision of the standard witich will ke undertaken in due course. “The principle change in this exition is the presentation ofthe Imposed floor loads according to the tye of activiswloccupaney, rather than occupancy class as irtredueed jn the 3984 edition. The weights of movable partons which were redefined as ‘imposed loads in the 194 edition, retain their classification. The reductions in Gor load with marber of toreys and witrarea have also been claified. “The danse on dynarnlc loading hie been expanded to give guidance on dynamic loads due to crowds and a clause ct! accident ioad on key or protected elements has bec intodoesd. feta ‘The basis of the loadings is historical and thay gree, subject to comparatively minor \ ‘vavlations, with interpstional consensus of opinion. * "The doa on wind loads are given in BS 6990: Pasi 2 and data on imposed roof loads aro given in BS 6309);Part3, In this edition of BS 6209 - Part 1, numerical values have been given in tenms of ‘Stunts, details of which are to be found in BS 6665. Those concemed with the ‘conversion and renovetion of older buldings designed in terms of imperial units may ‘nd it vseful to note tha 1 N= 0295 Ibf and 1 KA? = 2089 B/N, Comptiancé with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations, ay i e551 1095,eo ee ee eee eS ee ee ee ee Code of practice 1 Seope LL This Part of BS 6399 gives dead and minimam recommended imposed loads for use in designing buildings. It applies to: 8) new buildings and new structaress . ) alterations and additions to existing buildings and existing structures; 6) existing construction on change of use, 1 does not apply to the maintenance of, or the replacement of parts of, existing buildings and struerures Where there is no change of use. 11.2 This code of practice does not cover 2) Joads on road and rail bridges, as these are dealt with ii other British Standards, eg. BS 5400; 1b) wind loads (see BS 6309: Part 2); ¢} imposed roof loads (see BS 6900 : Part 3); ) snow loads (see BS 6399 : Part 3); ©) loads on structures subject to intemal pressures from thelr contents (eg. bunker, ellos and water tanks), which have to be calculated individually; ) loads due to machinery vibration and dynamic loads other than due to crowds; © loads due to lifts (see BS 2656); 1H) loads incidental to construction; ‘1D test loads; . 2) Toads for crane gantry girders (see BS 2678). 2 References 2.4 Normative references ‘This Bart of BS 6299 incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisiona from other publications These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments. 2.2'Informative references z ‘This Part of BS 6200 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance, Editions of these Publications current at the time of issue of this ‘Standard are listed on the Inside back eover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. * 8 Definitions For the purposes of this code of practice the following defniions apply. 3. dead load “The load de to the weight of ell walls, permanent partitions, lors, roofs, finishes and af other Permanent construction including services of a permanent nature. © Bot 1080 BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 3.2 imposed load * The la toured obo produced by te nena ‘cecupancy oF use, including the welght of movable partitions, distributed, concentrated, impact and ‘The height ofthe space between afloor anda * by aceling sot ofaiees sot orcas ot fre "ofa floor, root or other obstruction. 3.4 wind load ‘The load due to the etfect of wind pressure or soction. 4.5 accidental load on key or protected element, ‘The ultimate load assumed, di single scldontal oadng overt o apply fo send ‘elements essential to the residual stability of the 4 Dead loads ‘Dead loads are calculated from the mit given In BS 648 or from the actual known weights of foes or peruengy Joails, Joads should treated as imposed loads. ‘Where permanent partitions are thete Sosa ‘Tho weights of tanks and other receptacles, and of their contents, are considered as dead loads. These Toads should be calculated for the cases when a tank cor receptacle is full and when itis empty. 5 Imposed floor and ceiling loads 5.1 Floors 5.1.4 Generat ® ‘The loads appropriate to the type of activity/occupancy for which the floor area will be tused in service are given in table 1. The loads in table 1 should be treated as the unfactored or ‘characteristic loads for design purposes. ‘They should be concidered as the minimum values to ‘be adopted, bee higher values ae conshered mote appropriate, based on 2 knowledge of the proposed cae eat & Deg neti of ‘equipment, machinery, stacking systems, ete, ‘Shoutd be used ingond.—_—— "rtm meme meee ee eee ee ee ee , BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 Table 1, Minimum imposed Moor loads Type of ‘Examples of specific use actvitylocenpancy for . [partof the balding or Feracture ‘ADomesis avd veskiendad | Al usages win sltcontaned Gweling wits eaves ama zat Onc chee oo of (Atv seecaregery ©) _| flats wit nited se (ee note 3) Por cammmunal ares in otter Docks of ft, 203. and below) ‘Bedroores and domnitores except those in hotels ard mote mr Bedrooms i Rowe wd motels Hospital wards Toe meme iar room Communal chars except in Kats covered by noted é . feted Start ann fm ee of ta otha we Genoa) ‘Guest nowses, | Sae asroowo to wits | (fm van concn esteni s css bee | sete ote Toconmnd” [win fim oo ~ mus mbocn of Ba ext os ere ated ‘Hoes and mca | Sa a oon whe | Tan conga they ee acess bar | De ute eee ‘wi amino of) ‘B Oifices and work areas | Operating thextves Xray rooms, wilty rooms | 20 ae Teteomred eens | Work reous (ign wien sone [25 2 + [Petes tr generat 25 eg Bankng a 30, az chen mpd, bores 30 as Toons wih alnfane compan ar dar | 5 as scqpnet Machinery fais credaton space Geran [a aa Props roora co foe demand for specie wse Fads yoltiqs mddaia tating [60 a5 {gener i Fowdies Er) Tobe dieminad or 2 specter Cava = 10 aim cara Balconies Tne a voems i Wleh | iin on concent they ewe acm | atthe our eege win Geen ofA By gueter 45 tin un dsbasd [= cata over wilh Tastes = iiag ad ost 1596BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 ‘Table 1. Mini iaposod Hoot loads (eontiaad) Type ot ‘Kxamples of specific use ‘Cnigseralty Concentrated load Slgleconpancy for ’ eapioeediond ~ [ian ‘part of the building or ava Erncowe Cras wicw pale ay | ni oa a mal eg ome | ED co con aioap ote eed ers ane hace wih ales [Rdg ons lo bn ge as os 7 a0 Er Ciea wih na | amenly won Wk Broan ro 3 Senos cs of wap a ‘lar en valent SUIS | Contd, imap a Fo ro fcemomepere [eamandegeoeic. | eon ete pete aes ce Fees nero ois | vee tp ce a an Stas and 80, cry ‘ats not eovteed by note 1. | 208 FUMe only) {econo san ks st coon tm se0) ‘ Gage fave ka, | Gains [00 = Sturge ale | ae iets eg tots nd ao Pesbtedietctea fee) alg Coméers, ae ‘ates aoe, vitced ese, aug saad [a co rt an ns) Taisen raion Oa) 30 a Trad ear Goro 0 rg acl rele Gy 9) 5 a Nwcun too dt pla oY o {sees Tone (apt op Ravana wa] oa ead i : resent" | te on ca . Sra o0 aloe Fenn deed [= teauamy ee nh Cris wth pantie [Duar maocion pea aww [a a6 BERS [pumas ata com ao %0 Sams o, | inv wee waived wna camel OH ae compre fate at pers vp tn pce GBeschaase 8) ‘Stages in public scoerably areas: 15 45 D Stepping areas ‘Shop floors for the sale and cisplay cif merchandise | 40 ae Ons ns.a - All floors show be designed to cary the uniformly 6.1.2 Uniformly distributed toads q y i [Fable 1 Miuiuum imposed Noor loads (continied) a of THranples of specitie we Waiters ‘Concentrated Toad atEvityvecemancy for ™ Sheetet toad | pert of the building o um > Feacenre [B Werchoasng and stoner | Genera aves for sie equipment not paca [20 8 seas Areas sujet © | esewhere Gneausonal and pute bel) , 1 on a eam = ie rr, sng end aorge pace ORC) [50 & Staex oe (ood) BA toreath mete in [20 _-| sober ana Paper sarge for pring Plans end adonery =. | 0 foreach mete [BO > . tee Some hgh ease richie saliag (Book) ar mobOO Talay, | G8 foreach mea of (70 Sposend nesses aes Sen hi a m- sminmam of 96 aise ratte sadiag (Boos) en mabe rcs, | €5 for each mete of | 70 warehouses ° erage hele bd Bh imine of 160 3e ao Ta marge ream . ‘ swaenmet 60 = i Pans roone pater Foons, Gn eene ae, 1% a5 belong met of tiny aie = aati | F Png oe cm ight wn ae a0 -exceading 2600 le gross mass, including garages, i . Velie excecing 29000, Deve vara, | To bedetemined fx epee tse . repr neishops foe wit rode sao {NOTE I, Comrnnal areas in bioks of nota with ied wo rele Botha ot not nore Ban Ge sacs In Feigao wi ot move tan four elf contained vein ws perfor acces om ons econ. ; [WOTES Whar Gece sane ares nay be sulci oats on plc scvies oF ovneowng a bot ning oom wed a dance far, tnponed loads Choad be based on ocrupancy Chr Co approprats. Kefereace abou doo be made cause 8 ones Fixed seating Ss oatng wher remwoal se tse of he space er cher pore fs poche, distributed or concentrated load, whichever ‘The uniformly distributed loads given In table 1 are ‘roduceo the greatest stresses (or where cxtcal, the uniformly distibubed stile loads por aque Gefection) in the part of the floor under ‘metre of plan area and provide for the effects of consideration. a rnommal mse, ‘The categories adopted for types ‘sctivity/occupancy are: 5.13 Concentrated loads i : Concentrated loads should be assumed to act at E A Domestie and residential activities, ‘points on the member to give the greatest moment, ; ‘shear (or where critical, deflection). Concentrated i B Otic and work arcas nos covered eleewtere use Gena cts} Cetean), Concentrated, i G- Areas where people may congregate assumed to act on them unless there Is evidenea that ei ardeqiate Interaction exists to ensure that the load 2 Areas susceptble to the accumulation of St bested or pread geste ‘When used for the calenlation of local effects such fiat “ldca and iste as crushing and punching, the concentrated loads should be assumed to act at a position anriover an area of application appropriate to their cause. Where this cannot be foreseen, a square contact area with 50mm side should be assumed. © Bar 1006BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 5.1.4 Partitions ‘When permanent pattitions are indicated, thelr ‘weight should be Included in the dead load, acting at the given partition location, . In buildings where the use of other partitions is envisaged, an additional imposed load should be ‘specified for the floor area, This may be taken as a ‘uniformly distributed load of not loss than one third of the load per metre run of the finished partitions, For floors or offices, this additional uniformly distributed partition load should not be less ‘than £0 etm? 5.2 Celling supports and similar structures ‘The following loads are appropriate for the design of Eanes and covey of abies atch (tat ten lazing), supports of callings and similar structures: a) without access: no imposed load; or ') with accoss: 0.25 lam? uniformly distribuied ‘over the whole area and a concentrated load ‘Of0.9 EN so ploced as to produce the maximum effect in the supporting members, 6 Reduction in total imposed floor loads 6.1 The following da not qualify for reduction: 2) loads that have been specifically determined from a knowledge of the proposed use of the structare; ») loads due to plant or machinery; ©) loads due to storage, Otherwise, floors designed for activities described in ‘categories A to D inclusive in table 1 may qualify for ‘the reductlons specified in this clause to be applied {o the uniformly distributed floor loads given intable1. 6.2 Reduetion in loeding on columns ‘The reductions given in table2 (based on the number of floors qualifying for load reduction carted by the member under consideration) may be applied to the total iraposed floor Icad in the design of eofumns, | ~ piers, walls and their ‘and . ‘except ag provided in 6.1. The percentage reductions given apply to the total distributed imposed load Gneluding the additional uniformly distributed imposed partition load, see 8.1.4) on all floors qualifying for reduction carvied by the member under consideration, Alternatively, the reductions based on area in 6.3 say be applied but the reductions given in table 2 cannot be used in combination with thase intable3. : NOTE, The morents ona coun show be deeznined Lom the ‘oad weed to desig the bears a te approprils lev and not ‘edaced on the same basis othe sal ood, ‘Table 2. Reduction in total distributed Imposed floor loads with number of storeys Number of Boors with a total Honda qualltying for asitibated imposed Loed on} raduetion exrried by all floors carried by the member ander ‘member onder = consideration * T 0 2 10 3, 20 4 30 bt010 }40 over 10 50 maxx. 63 Reduction in loading on beams ‘The Joading on beams (including the additional uniformly distxfbuted imposed partition load, see 5.14), may be reduced according to area, supported by the percentage given In table3, excep 1s provided in 6.1. Table: Reduction in Votal distributed {nosed floor loads on a supporting beam or ‘aren [Reduetion i total Grenon) dlstetbated imposed Toad a % 0 ‘0 0 5 100 _ fio 150 5 200 20 above 250 25 max ROT eduetions foe termediate areas ay bi Gain by [te 7 ‘7 Imposed roof loads For imposed roof loads refer to Part of this standard 8 Crane gantry girders For loads due to cranes, see BS 2573. enorx BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 9 Dynamic loading (exeluding wind) 9.1 General ‘The imposed loads given in clause 6 allow for small ‘dynamic effocts and should be sufficient for m structures without the need for farthor dynamie hecks. However they do not cover the special type of loading conditions such as eaused by the rhythmical and synchronized movement of erowds or the operation of some types of machinery. ‘The use of a factored tmposed load to represent significant dyresnle effects may prove inadequate in these cases. The response of the structural ‘ajstem depends on the load and several interrelated ‘strucoural parameters Such as natural frequency, ‘mass, damping, and mode shape. 9.2 Synchronized dynamic croyrd loads 92.1 General Dynamic loads wid only be algaifteant when any crowd movement (daneing, jumping maythnle stamping, aerobics, et.) is synchronized, In practice, ‘this only occurs in conjunction with 2 strong musical ‘beat such as occurs at lively pop concerts oF aerobles, The dynamic loading is thus related to the ) by avoiding significant resonance effects (600 9.2.8). ‘Dynamic loads or resonance effects in the vertical ‘and also two orthogonal horizontal directions shoud De considered, 92.2 Design for dynamic toads For the calculation of dynamic response a range of {eal frequencies [1D C7 ‘dice et ston begs adsl end storage bags capt 28 Bren shore mia wae pepe ma_| Are nag i ie is consents riba 60 mam oe ae e pase cue Aras win tes ot 6 6 is Bead sare Areas wil acs ae 7 Ty es ‘mor mong peopl: far 10 as Shreas wacrpitie 1s 1s 0 is is oe roquaenet of Bo eprvpiats ceVine aclaiy Fo ea areas 16 fr 1s WG Vanier 16 15 6 Err SROTET, Desgtned soa ae thoveequag eal entibato mcer he Suey of Spars Goad Aa TT east 1906 io $ a Ge& 8 Annex Annex A (normative) Ang periodic ‘be decomposed In Eee oy pei gon se famoticn Syectontnd gam odin anced by actin Sha oping ad cneeg ae peda mally 2) to se vl te anes (0 ‘b) the period of the dancing load(s) (73); oj cna mito (0) Le the rate of he duration ‘when the load is in contact with. Totoor and Ge pesot of te dene Mathematically the load at sny instant (Q) may be expressed as ro=a[1 +52 ras where sed), onan is the umber of the hartnonle baling, ‘considered 1,28, 5 % 8 tho dynainie oad factor Zor tha nl™ harmonic; : x is the pluse angle of x" harmonic, ‘Boe alues ofr andy ar fnctons of the value of the contact ratio . yeaa range considered is 1.5 Hz to 315 Hz and for lager groups {i to 28 a cootntod toverent athe higher pwn hp cin ‘ston a emp by 25 a ale ack ‘of perfect synchronization... Vertical, also generates hortzostal load which say be extical for soine. ase A erat lo 1 Oe ee ie conde ons imsBS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 — List of references Gee case 2) Normative references BSI publications BRITE STANDARDS INOTTTUTIO > "Specification for tits, escalators, passenger oomueyors and ‘paternosters Genorat raqutroments for eszalater’, and. passenger conveyors “Stach, conarcte and composite bridaes ‘Specification fortoads . ‘Specification for SI writs and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units Loading for buitdings Gode of pragtice for wind Goda of practice for isoBS 6399: Part 1: 1996 anno 8024289 1 ne Rez BSI — British Standards Institiition [BSIis the independent ody repens poping Stes Standards. 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