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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Joint and Combined
Variations
Mathematics – Grade 9
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Joint & Combined Variations
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module


Writer: Jessa Mae M. Solis
Editor: Noel B. Wamar
Reviewers: Ronela S. Molina; Noel B. Wamar
Illustrator: Jessa Mae M. Solis
Layout Artist: Jessa Mae M. Solis
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
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Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Jade T. Palomar– REPS, Mathematics
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Hazel G. Aparece, – EPS LRMS
Antonio R. Pasigado – PSDS - ADM Coordinator
Ronela S. Molina – EPS, Mathematics Supervisor

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for
you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each


SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module,
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for
better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need
to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are
also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders
on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in


answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

3
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master how to illustrate situations that involves joint variation; translate into
variation statement a relationship involving joint variation between two quantities
given by a mathematical equation, and vice versa and solve problems involving
joint variation. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:


• Lesson 1 – Joint Variation
• Lesson 2 – Combined Variation
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. illustrate situations that involve the following variations: a. joint; and
combined variation;
b. translate into variation statement a relationship involving joint
variation between two quantities given by a mathematical equation,
and vice versa;
c. translate into variation statement a relationship involving combined
variation between two quantities given by a mathematical equation,
and vice versa; and
d. solve problems involving joint and combined variations.

What I Know

Directions: In this part, you will find out how much you already know in
this module. Select the letter that best answers each of the questions.
Record the items that you have answered incorrectly and find the right
answers as you go through this module. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is a variation where a quantity varies directly as the product of two or


more other quantities.
A. direct variation C. inverse variation
B. joint Variation D. combined Variation
2. It is a variation where a quantity depends on two (or more) other
quantities and varies directly with some of them and varies inversely with
others.
A. direct variation C. inverse variation
B. joint Variation D. combined Variation
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3. If y varies jointly as x and z, and y = 12 when x = 9 and z = 3, find z
when y = 6 and x = 15.
A. 4/10 C. 7/10
B. 5/10 D. 9/10
4. If p varies jointly as q and r squared, and p = 225 when q = 4 and r = 3,find
p when q = 6 and r = 8.
A. 2,400 B. 3,400 C. 4,400 D. 5,400
5. If a varies jointly as b cubed and c, and a = 36 when b = 4 and c = 6, find a
when b = 2 and c = 14.
A. 17/2 C.21/2
B. 19/2 D. 31/2
6. Suppose y varies jointly as x and z. what is y when x= 2 and z=3, if y= 20
when x= 4 and z=3?
A. y = 5 B. y = 9 C. y = 8 D. y = 10
7. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y= 24 when x=48 and z=4,
find x when y= 44 and z= 6.
A. x = 96 B. x = 112 C. x = 128 D. x = 132
8. The speed, s, of a moving object varies directly as the distance traveled, d and
varies inversely as the time taken, t. What does it mean?
A. The shorter the time, the faster is the speed.
B. The longer the distance, the faster is the speed
C. The longer the distance, the slower is the speed.
D. The longer the distance or the shorter the time, the faster is thespeed.
9. Z varies jointly with x and y. when x=3, y=8, z= 6, find z when x=6 and y=4.
A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 24
10. If p varies jointly as q and r squared, and p = 225 when q = 4 and r = 3.
What is the correct equation for this kind of variation?
A. p= kqr2 B. k= pqr2 C. r2= kpq D. q= pkr2
11. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a=36
when b= 3 and c=4.
A. a= 3bc B. a= 6bc C. a= 9bc D. a= 12bc
12. Supposes y varies jointly as x and z, and y = 20 when x = 4 and z = 3.
Using the given variation, find k.
A. k= 2/3 B. k=5/3 C. k= 7/3 D. k= 9/3
13. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y = 24 when x = 48 and z=
4, find k.
A. k= 2 B. k=22 C. k= 32 D. k= 42
14. The volume of a cone-shaped gift bought by Mr. And Mrs. Solis for the
birthday party of their child varies jointly as its height and the square of its
radius. A cone with a radius of 6 inches and a height of 10 inches

radius of 15 inches and a height of 7 inches.


A. V = 325 cubic inches C. V = 525 cubic inches
B. V = 425 cubic inches D. V = 625 cubic inches
15. The kinetic energy produced by the laboratory equipment owned Dr. Wong in
Medical Specialist Hospital as one of the front liners varies jointly as the
mass and the square of the velocity. A mass of 8 grams and a velocity of 5 cm
per second has a kinetic energy of 100 ergs. Find the kinetic energy for a mass
of 6 grams and a velocity of 9 cm per second.
A. E = 243 ergs C. E = 1,243 ergs
B. E = 1,043 ergs D. E = 2,243 ergs

5
Lesson

1 JOINT VARIATION

Begin this lesson by checking your prior knowledge about the different
mathematics principles you learned. These knowledge and skills will help you in
conceptualizing how to illustrate situations that involves joint variation, translate
into variation statement a relationship involving joint variation between two
quantities given by a mathematical equation and vice versa, and solve problems
involving joint variation are applied in real life. The concepts of direct and inverse
variation are pre-requisite to this lesson. You can refer to prepared modules or
video lessons about these concepts to help you in performing each of the activities
provided.

What’s In

Activity 1. “DO THE INVERSE TASK”


Read each of the following and solve. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Find the equation and solve for k: y varies inversely as x and y= 6 when x= 18.
2. Suppose that y varies inversely as x2 and that y= 10 when x= 5/2.
a. Find the equation connecting x and y.
b. Find the value of y when x= 3.

What’s New

Activity 2: Equation of my Joint!


1. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a=36
when b= 3 and c=4.

2. Suppose y varies jointly as x and z. What is y when x=2 and z=3, if y=20
when x=4 and z=3?

7
What is it!

The statement “a varies jointly as b and c “ means a=kbc, or k=a/bc,


where k is the constant of variation. Joint variation is a variation
where a quantity varies directly as the product of two or more other
quantities.

Here are the steps required for Solving Joint Variation Problems:

Step 1: Write the correct equation. Joint variation problems are solved using the
equation y= kxz. When dealing with word problems, you should consider using
variables other than x, y, and z. You should use variables that are relevant to the
problem being solved. Also read the problem carefully to determine if there are any
other changes in the joint variation equation such as squares, cubes or square
roots.

Step 2: Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k called the
constant of variation or the constant of proportionality.

Step 3: Rewrite the equation from step 1 substituting in the value of k found in
step 2.

Step 4: Use the equation found in step 3 and the remaining information given in
the problem to answer the question asked. When solving word problems, remember
to include units in your final answer.

Using Activity 2 no.1

1. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c,


and a=36 when b= 3 and c=4.

Solution:
a =kbc where k is the constant of variation
36= k (3)(4) use the value of a, b and c
36= k (12) (b)(c)= (3)(4)=12
36= 12k
1 1
36 * = 12𝑘 * Apply the Multiplication Property of Equality
12 12
36 12𝑘
=
12 12

3= k
Therefore, the required equation of variation is a= 3bc.
To make sure if the answer is correct, let us check.

8
Checking:
a=36 b=3 c= 4 k=3
By Substitution:
a= kbc
36= (3)(3)(4)
36= 36
Using Activity 2 no.2Suppose y varies jointly as x and z. What is y when x=2 and
z=3, if y=20 when x=4 and z=3?

Solution:
y= kxz
20= k (4)(3) substitute the value of y, x and z
20= 12k
20 12𝑘
=
12 12

5/3= k
y= kxz
y= (5/3) (2) (3) substitute the value of k, x and z
y= 10
checking:

k= 5/3 y=10 x= 2 z=3

By Substitution:

10= (5/3) (2) (3)


10= (5/3) (6)
10= 30/3
10=10

What’s More

Activity 3. FILL MY JOINT!


Directions: Give your answer/solution to complete the table. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of a paper.

Given: The volume of a cone- shaped gift bought by Mr. And Mrs. Solis for the
birthday party of their twin, baby JV and Alliyah varies jointly as its height and the
square of its radius. A cone with a radius of 6 inches and a height of 10 inches has
a volume of
inches and a height of 7 inches.

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Steps to follow Solution/ answer
Step 1: Write the correct equation. In y= kxz
this case, use v, h, and r instead of x, y
and z. Notice how the word „square‟
changes the equation.

Step 2: Use the information given in the


problem to find the value of k. In this
case, you need to find k when v= 120𝜋 ,
h= 10 and r=6.
Step 3: Rewrite the equation from step
1 substituting in the value of k in step
2.
Step 4: Use the equation found in step
3 and the remaining information given
in the problem to answer the question
asked. In this case, you need to find v
when h= 7, and r= 15.

Activity 4: JOINT TOGETHER!

AAHAe is a Filipino mathematician who developed a board game called DAMATHS.


To find out, match the letter that corresponds to the answer to the numbered
item. The letters will spell out the name of this Filipino Mathematician. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of a paper. (Mathematics Learners Materials page 217-
218)

E8 B a= kb/h D½ F z= kx/y U6 N a= kbh A 44 cm2 H z= kxy

ANSWER: _ _ _ _
1 2 3 4 5 6

What I Have Learned

Activity 5. Sum it Up!


Let us recall what you have learned. Supply the missing word/s to make the
statements true. Write your answers on a separate sheet of a paper.

1. Joint variation problems are solved using the equation .

2-3. Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k called
the or the .

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4. Rewrite the equation from step 1 substituting in the value of found
in step 2.
5. When solving word problems, remember to include in your final
answer.

What I Can Do

You may wonder why we keep on studying joint variations. In fact, this
concept helps us in some ways. Some problems may look so complicated but
thinking about how to come up with the solutions will help us develop our critical
thinking which is important in developing our decision-making skill.
Real – life quantities such as profits, yields and losses, area, volume and
many others can be represented, but not limited to joint variations in order for the
analyst to come up with practical decisions. Such decisions are made to make our
life comfortable. The situation below is one of the many real-life applications.
Given: The kinetic energy produced by Dr. Wong in Medical Specialist Hospital as
one of the frontliners varies jointly as the mass and the square of the velocity. A
mass of 8 grams and a velocity of 5 cm per second has a kinetic energy of 100 ergs.
Find the kinetic energy for a mass of 6 grams and a velocity of 9 cm per second.
Write your answer/ solution on a separate sheet of a paper. Show your complete
solution.
Rubrics:
30 pts. 20pts. 10 pts.

Mathematical Concept Shows a very Shows a Shows


satisfactory satisfactory understanding
understanding understanding of about the
ofthe problem the problem with problem but all
with correct some given. given arenot
given. correct.
Accuracy of Computation The The The
computation/ computation/ computation/
solution is solution is solution did not
correct and correct but there come up with
precise. Allsteps are lacking some the correct
are followed. steps. answer and did
not follow the
steps.

11
Lesson

2 COMBINED VARIATION

Begin this lesson by checking your prior knowledge about the different
mathematics principles you learned. These knowledge and skills will help you in
conceptualizing how to illustrate situations that involves combined variation,
translate into variation statement a relationship involving combined variation
between two quantities given by a mathematical equation and vice versa, and solve
problems involving combined variation are applied in real life. The concepts of
direct, inverse and joint variation are pre-requisite to this lesson. You can refer to
prepared modules or video lessons about these concepts to help you in performing
each of the activities provided.

What’s In

Activity 1. “LET’S JOIN!


Directions: Give what is being asked. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
a paper.
Given: If y varies jointly as x and z, and y =6 when x= 9 and z= 4, find z when y=3
and x=10.

Questions:
1. Write the correct equation.
2. Find the value of k.
3. Find the value of z. Show your solution.

What’s New

Activity 2. “SHOW ME THE COMBINATION”


Directions: Give what is being asked. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
a paper.
A. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y= 24 when x= 48 and
z= 4, find x when y= 44 and z= 6.
1. What is the equation?
2.Find the value of k.
3.What is the value of x? How did you find the value of x? (Show your
solution)

B. If f varies directly as g and inversely as the square of h, and f= 20 when g=


50 and h= 5, find f when g= 18 and h= 6.

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1. What is the equation?
2. Find the value of k.
3. What is the value of f? How did you find the value of f?(Show your
solution)

What is It

Combined variation is a variation where a quantity depends on two (or


more) other quantities and varies directly with some of them and varies inversely
with other.
Since we are working with these types of variation, you must have
prior knowledge with the steps to be followed in solving for this kind of variation.
There are four steps for you to follow.

Step 1: Write the correct equation. Combined variation problems are solved using
the combination of direct variation (y=kx),inverse variation (y= k/x), and joint
variation (y=kxz) equations. When dealing with word problems, you should consider
using variables other than x,yand z, you should use variables that are relevant to
problem being solved. Also read the problem carefully to determine if there are any
other changes in the combined variation equation such as squares, cubes, or
square roots.

Step 2: Use the information given in the problem to find the value of k, called the
constant of variation or the constant of proportionality.

Step 3: Re-write the equation from step 1 substituting in the value of k found in
step 2.

Step 4: Use the equation found in step 3 and the remaining information given in
the problem to answer the question asked. When solving word problems, remember
to include the units in your final answer.

Example 1: (Using the given in activity 2 no.1)

A. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y = 24 when x = 48 and


z = 4, find x when y = 44 and z = 6.
Step 1: Write the correct equation.Combined variation
problems are solved using a combination of variation equation. y = kx
In this case, you will combine the direct and inverse variation z
equation.
24 = k(48)
Step 2:Use the information given in the problem to find the 4
value of k. in this case, you need to find k when x= 48, 24 = 12k
y= 24and z= 4. 2=k

Step 3: Rewrite the equation from step 1 substituting in the


y = 2x
value of k found
z
in step 2.

13
44 = 2x
6
Step 4: Use the equation found in step 3 and the remaining
44 = x
information given in the problem to answer the question asked, 3
in this case, you need to find x when y= 44 and z= 6. x = 132

Example no. 2 (Using example no.2 in activity 2)

B. Given: If f varies directly as g and inversely as the square of h, and


f= 20 when g= 50 and h= 5, find f when g= 18 and h= 6.

Step 1: Write the correct equation. Combined


variation problems are solved using a combination y= 𝑘𝑥 f= kg/h2
of variation equation. In this case, you will combine 𝑧

the direct and inverse variation equations, use f, g,


and h instead of x, y and z, and notice how the
word “square” changes the equation.

20 = k (50)
Step 2: Use the information given in the problem to 52
find the value of k. in this case, you need to find k 20 = 50k
when f = 20, g =50 and h = 5. 25
20 = 2k
k = 10

Step 3: Rewrite the equation from step 1


f = 10g/h2
substituting in the value of k foundin step 2.
f = 10 (18)
62
Step 4: Use the equation found in step 3 and the f = 180
remaining information given in the problem to answer (6)(6)
the question asked, in this case, you need to find f when
g= 18 and h= 6. f = 180
36
f=5

Example #3.

Given: If y varies jointly as a and b and inversely as the square root of c, and y= 12
when a= 3, b= 2, and c= 64, find y when a= 5, b= 2, and c= 25.

Step 1: Write the correct equation. Combined


variation problems are solved using a combination
of variation equations. In this case, you will combine y = kxz y = kab
the joint and inverse variation equations. Use y, a, b w c
and c instead of w, x, y, and z. Notice how the
word “square root” changes the equation.

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12 = k (3)(2)
√64
Step 2: Use the information given in the problem to
12 = 6k
find the value of k. In this case, you need to find k
8
when y =12, a = 3, b = 2 and c = 64
96 = 6k
k = 16
Step 3: Rewrite the equation form step 1
y= 16 ab
substituting in the value of k found in step 2. √c
y = 16 ab
√c
y = 16 (5)(2)
Step 4: Use the equation found in step 3 and the
√25
remaining information given in the problem to answer
y = 16 (10)
the question asked. In this case, you need to find y when
5
a= 5, b= 2 and c= 25.
y = 160
5
y = 32

What’s More

Activity 3. Give me the correct combination!


Directions: Give what is being asked in every step. Write your answer on a
separate of a paper.
Given: The number of minutes needed to collect all the garbage varies directly as
the number of houses and inversely as the number of people working on it.
It takes4 people 36 minutes to collect the garbage in 18 houses. How many
minutes will it take 6 people to collect 42 houses?

Step 1: Write the correct equation. Combined


variation problems are solved using a combination of
variation equations. In this case, combine the direct
and inverse variation equations.

Step 2: Use the information given in the problem to


find the value of k.

Step 3: Rewrite the equation from step 1 substituting


in the value of k found in step 2.

Step 4: Use the equation found in step3 and the


remaining information given in the problem to answer
the question asked.

15
What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Agree or Disagree

Instruction: Do you agree or disagree with the given statement below? Defend
your answer in at least 2 sentences. Write your answer on a separate
sheet ofpaper.

1. A combined variation is a variation that depends only on one quantity.

What I Can Do

Activity 5.“Combined Challenge!”


Read and understand the situation below, then answer the questions that follow.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of a paper.

Given:
The number of hours (h) that it takes to Special Action Force (m) men to
assemble (x) machines for COVID -19 varies directly as the number of machine and
inversely as the number of men if four men can assemble 16 machines in 12 hours,
how many men are needed to assemble 48 machines in twelve hours?

16
Assessment

Directions: Let us check how much you have learned today. Read each question
carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of a paper.

1. The area of a rectangle varies jointly as its length and width. Find the equation of
joint variation if A = 60 square ft. l = 15 ft. and w = 4 ft.
A. a= klw B. a= kl/w C. a= k/lw D. a= w/kl
2. Using the given in number 1, find the value of k.
A. k= 1 B. k= 2 C. k= 3 D. k=4
3. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, what is the equation?
A. y= kx/z B. y= xz/k C. y= kz/x D. k= xy/z
4. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y = 22 when x = 4 and z = 6, find
the value of k.
A. k= 13 B. k= 23 C. k= 33 D. k=43
5. Using the given in number 5, find y when x =10 and z =25
A. y= 46/5 B. B. y= 56/5 C. y=66/5 D. y= 75/5
6. Suppose y varies jointly as x and z, what is y when x= 2 and z=3, if y= 20 when
x=4 and z=3?
A. y= 5 B. y= 8 C. y= 9 D. y= 10
7. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y = 24 when x = 48 and z = 4, find x
when y = 44 and z = 6.
A. x= 96 B. x= 128 C. x= 112 D. x= 132
8. The speed, s, of a moving object varies directly as the distance traveled, d, and
varies inversely as the time taken, t. What does it mean?
A. The shorter the time, the faster is the speed.
B. The longer the distance, the faster is the speed.
C. The longer the distance, the slower is the speed.
D. The longer the distance or the shorter the time, the faster is the speed.
9. z varies jointly with x and y. when x = 3, y = 8, z = 6, find z when x = 6 and y = 4.
A. 6 B.12 C. 18 D. 24
10. If p varies jointly as q and r squared, and p = 225 when q = 4 and r = 3. What
is the correct equation for this kind of variation?
A. p= kqr2 B. k= pqr2 C. r2= kpq D. q= pkr2
11. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a=36 when
b= 3 and c=4.
A. a= 3bc C. a= 9bc
B. a= 6bc D. a= 12bc
12. Supposes y varies jointly as x and z, when x=2 and z=3, if y=20 when x=4
and z=3? Using the given variation, find k.
A. k=2/3 C. k= 7/3
B. k=5/3 D. k= 9/3
13. If y varies directly as x and inversely as z, and y= 24 when x=48 and z= 4,
when y= 44 and z= 6 find k.
A. k= 2 C. k= 32
B. k=22 D. k= 42
17
14. The volume of a cone- shaped gift bought by Mr. And Mrs. Solis for the
birthday party of their child varies jointly as its height and the square of its
radius. A cone with a radius of 6 inches and a height of 10 inches has a volume of
s of 15 inches and
a height of 7 inches.
A. v C. v= 5
B. v= 4 D. v
15. The kinetic energy produced by the laboratory equipment owned Dr. Wong in
Medical Specialist Hospital as one of the front liners varies jointly as the mass and
the square of the velocity. A mass of 8 grams and a velocity of 5 cm per second has
a kinetic energy of 100 ergs. Find the kinetic energy for a mass of 6 grams and a
velocity of 9 cm per second.
A. e= 243 ergs C. e=1,243 ergs
B. e= 1,043 ergs D. e= 2,243 ergs

Additional Activities

Combination of your joint!

Given: The number of minutes needed to solve an exercise set of variation problem
varies directly as the number of problems and inversely as the number of people
working on the solutions. It takes 4 people 36 minutes to solve 18 problems. How
many minutes will it take 6 people to solve 42 problems. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of a paper.

18
Answer Key- Lesson 1

19
References

Deped Learner‟s Material for Mathematics Grade 9 Module 3 Lesson 1: Joint


Variation

Deped Learner‟s Material for Mathematics Grade 9 Module 3 Lesson 2:


CombinedVariation
EDITOR‟ S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd‟s Most
Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of
this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:


Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal


Telefax No.: (083) 228 8825 / (083) 228 1893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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