Matthew Outlaws Income Profitability

Running Head: IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO INCOME PROFITABILITY 1
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic to the Income Profitability Of Teen Online Sellers In
Tacloban City
St – Matthew Outlaws
Saint Paul School Of Professional Studies
Author Note
Carl Jules C. Mamar. Senior High School Department. Saint Paul School of
Professional Studies. Corresponding concerns about this paper should be addressed to
Carl Jules C. Mamar, Senior High School Department, Saint Paul School of Professional
Studies, Campetic Road, Palo, Leyte. G-Suite Account: 20191694@spsps.edu.ph

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO INCOME PROFITABILITY 2
Abstract
The research indicates the impact of COVID-19 Pandemic to the income
profitability of teen online sellers in Tacloban City. The present study seeks to answer the
following questions: first, the demographic profile in terms of age and income before and
during the pandemic. Second, the effects affecting the online business. third, to identify
the factors affecting the income profitability of teen online sellers during the COVID-19
Pandemic. Lastly, to determine the effectiveness of online selling in the new normal style
of teen online sellers. The researchers used a quantitative method in conducting the
research study. 30 respondents were randomly chosen through Convenience Sampling all
over the city of Tacloban. Survey questionnaires were thoroughly distributed by sending
the Google Forms link of the questionnaire to the Facebook Messenger accounts of each
participants. Based on the statistical results and findings of the study, COVID-19
Pandemic had a significant impact to the income profitability of teen online sellers. The
researchers recommends to further conduct related studies on the online selling industry
that is widely affected by the current pandemic crisis to further discuss its probable effect
to the new normal environment.
Keywords: COVID-19, online selling, teenagers, income profitability, new normal

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic to the Income Profitability of Teen Online Sellers In
Tacloban City
Online selling has been with us since then as COVID-19 pandemic has greatly
affected the economy of every country especially the income profitability of the business
owners. During this time of a pandemic, it caused a lot of risk in people’s lives.
Obtaining in physical stores became too risky and scary, especially at this time of
pandemic wherein a lot protocols are needed to be done and followed. Because of this
change, online shopping has really become a great alternative way of purchasing any
item. In a way, online shopping has been a safer and accessible option in purchasing
products for people. Now, consumers are relying more on online shopping to purchase
their daily necessities.
In the past recent years, online shopping have displayed growth in sales up to $1.3
trillion and it has tripled more than the usual since the beginning of 2020 and the start of
the outbreak of Corona Virus (Kristensen, 2020). There are roughly over a quarter (26.28
percent) of the whole population that are now online shoppers. Besides, the numbers of
online shoppers continue to increase day by day as more people switch to buy digitally.
Thus, by the increasing numbers of online consumers, statistics predicts that the sales
would probably reach $6.5 Trillion by the year 2023 (Statista).
As individuals shows more interest in e-commerce for their acquiring activities,
revenues of sellers rises. A mean of 10-30% individuals is now turning into buying their
stuff through online from a survey conducted in 2019 (Meyer, 2020). With the
availability of time that the COVID-19 Pandemic provided to the people, many gained
interest in online selling the maximum amount as online shopping. People arouse their
curiosity in selling through online as their source of income, especially a lot of people
became jobless.
When the government declared Metro Manila and other areas quarantined, the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) reported that the number of online business
sellers registered increased from 1,753 on March 15, 2019 to 75, 876 on March 15, 2020.
Social media is now the marketplace where it caters to the purchasing and selling interest
of a numerous number of people. Businesses through the internet arise more and more
over time as thousands of Filipinos including, overseas workers are affected by the
pandemic (Xinhua, 2020).
A research study placed an emphasis in knowing the problems of buying and
selling methods online, with products that are acceptable for dealing online. It also
tackles how the student’s family income is involved in the basis of online purchasing and
selling activities. It also focuses on analyzing and investigating the income generation of
Sylhet University students in order to help them better understand how to deal with
money online, whether selling or purchasing (Abdul Latif & Anamul Islam & Suyej
Ahmed, 2014). Comparing to traditional businesses style, the speed of innovation may
have changed, and consumers now have full access to other possible suppliers, but the
basic rules in business are still being applied. Despite the competitive environment of
online selling gives, it still satisfies consumers for having numerous options. Internet may
have changed the flow of the marketing style, but the set of tactics imparted by the
businesspersons within the1990’s remains functional. (Reichheld, et. al, 2000).
This study was conducted in Tacloban City area, a first-class highly urbanized
city in the regional center of Eastern Visayas, Philippines. The city is autonomous from
the province of Leyte as it serves as the provincial capital of Eastern Visayas. Online
consumption habits in Tacloban City have changed significantly with a greater proportion
of internet users buying essential products such as food and beverages, cosmetics,
clothes, and medicines. Most of the online sellers are teenagers who engage in this type
of selling as their part-time job to be able to attain their income at a young age. This
study was a gateway for knowing how the income profitability of teen online sellers has
been affected by the current health crisis giving an impact to the current status of E-
commerce in Tacloban City.
The study was about the impact of COVID-19 Pandemic to income profitability
of teen online sellers. Through this, the researchers were able to know how the pandemic
caused a change in the online selling activities of teenagers. Upon the results of this
study, this research provided further information on the continuing success of online
selling industry amidst the pandemic crisis as imparted by the arising needs of people that
are done through online purchases and despite of the health and travel restrictions
imposed by the authorities. With the presence of this study, teenagers will be motivated
in continuing their online selling business even with the interference of a health crisis that
gave way for the income profitability to be constant and seem to be increasing.
An overview of the situation is pertained from online sellers and consumers
during the pandemic. With the researchers' shared statistics results, it notes that there is
an increase in online buyer purchases. It also states that there is an increase in online
sellers’ sales. Moreover, as the E-commerce business’ revenues rises, opportunity-
seeking entrepreneurs can naturally tune in to online selling. As an outcome, the main
aim or main intention of why the researchers conducted this study is to further investigate
and recognize the impact of the pandemic on the income profitability of online sellers.
Literature Review
Online selling generally refers to a form of e-commerce in which sellers sell their
goods or services to online shoppers over the Internet with the use of their mobile phones,
laptops, etc. Through online shopping, consumers spends lesser time in going to physical
stores to choose and buy such necessities. Moreover, with the current situation of global
pandemic, consumers and sellers faces such dilemma of acquiring and providing basic
goods and services prior to mandates of prohibiting individuals to go outside their
households. Thus, the online market industry goes in.
According to Rahman (2020), the industry of e-commerce decreases issuing
business procedures, cycle time, and plays a vital role in maintaining health rules and
standards, avoiding social gatherings and lesser time of choosing products at the physical
stores in this time of crisis. The study have revealed that payments, convenience, and
products are significantly associated with the online shopping decisions of consumers
during the global pandemic. Furthermore, such implications in the decision-making of
consumers may contribute to the underlying profitability of its online seller. With more
consumers associated in the online shopping industry, more online sellers benefits from it
and adds more to their income profitability despite of the global pandemic situation.
According to UNCTAD (2020), the global pandemic have caused an accelerated
shift towards a more digitalized world and triggered some changes in online shopping
behaviours that are most likely to have a long-lasting effect. In their survey, 3,700
consumers in nine emerging and developed countries have changed online shopping
behaviours caused by the global pandemic. Study showed that online purchases have
increased by 6% to 10% in most of the product categories. However, online spending
across these emerging countries have dropped markedly. Consumers have deferred larger
expenditures, focusing more on purchasing essential products which are crucial at this
times of crisis.
According to Öven, et. al (2020), the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic have
affected e-commerce firms differently, depending of what form they are, which sector,
and wherever they are located. The global situation showed positive impacts to some e-
commerce firm, as they were growing and making more profits than before, due to the
situation. The growth is mainly the result of people not wanting to go out and be exposed
of the virus, which entailed them to shop from e-commerce rather than physical stores
during the period of crisis. Mostly, e-commerce have experienced and increase in sales
which affected their business operations. However, other e-commerce firms have been
affected in other ways, and others are almost not affected of the sudden changes.
According to Research and Markets (2020), the online retail of the Philippines
lags but is prepared for growth. Although the Philippines has the second to highest
population across Southeast Asia, its share of retail sales is low compared to other
markets. The study includes a forecast where Philippines surpasses the online retail sales
of Malaysia and Singapore in the middle of the next decade. Furthermore, over half of
online shopping in the Philippines are done through mobile devices as the web
connections expands through smartphones. Purchasing goods and services are becoming
popular in the present through the use of social media, with Facebook in the third spot of
widely used social media site for online purchases of goods and services.
Torry (2020) stated that the coronavirus pandemic widens a digital divide,
amplifying gains for businesses which caters customers online, while businesses that are
more reliant on traditional processes and models fights for survival. The pandemic
accelerates the transitions of consuming culture into digitalized and online hemisphere,
especially a lot of businesses that have not made a digital transition have lost access to
their customers and are less likely to make it through the end of the pandemic. This
entirely shows that the online hemisphere of business have widely made an impact to
certain businesses. With limited access to physical stores and service business
establishments, consumers are widely turned to online purchasing, making it hard for
other businesses to earn profits that have not made a digital transition.
According to Nartea, et. al (2019), online shopper considered factors in online
shopping such as sales promotion, advertisements, social environment, feedback,
logistics, and payments. Specifically, sales promotions serves as a primary factory for
online shoppers to buy products. Free shippings, giveaways, and discounts attracts mostly
of the shoppers. Thus, using sales promotion for online selling would entice online
shoppers to buy such products. Other factors such as the consistency of credibility and
reliability of the products; advertisements that contains necessary information of the
product; organized, efficient, and reliable delivery and payment systems; and the
convenience of the online service would entail a good reputation and trusted online
business. Such vital factors plays an important role in considering the consumer
behaviours of the consumers. Thus, online sellers should be knowledgeable in keeping a
good reputation to their online shoppers considering the limited physical store activities
due to global pandemic crisis.

Teenagers have an important role in purchasing measure as they are well
informed buyers. The study discussed the buying process and online brand selection of
teenagers in a family. The study sees the importance of comprehending their
characteristics and purchasing cycle before attracting them to online marketing. This
development involves biological, psychological and social changes. Companies have
seen the importance of social media for their assets nevertheless, with regulations and
control. Social media also has an impression to teenagers, for its considerable success has
been recognized. The researchers believe that online marketing featuring teenagers
ranging from 13 to 19 years of age must be operated. (V. Tripathi, 2016).
According to Kumar (2015), in order to provide customers more of what they
need in an effective and efficient manner, sellers offers their products online. Internet
have changed the way customers shop for good and services. Customers choose online
shopping based upon on references, clarified terms of delivery, graphic design and
additional services. Also, the present environment shows that the people have lesser time
in visiting physical stores and purchase the product. Hence, online shop plays a vital role
for those customers who have no time and wants to avoid huge crowd of other consumers
making online consumers increase rapidly.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Figure 1
Theoretical framework for income profitability of online business
Succesful Innovations
Reduced Overall Cost of Product Increased Demand for Products
Online Business
PROFIT
The theoretical underpinnings of this study was the Innovation Theory of Profit
(Schumpeter, 1943), which stated that to earn an economic profit, an entrepreneur must
introduce new and successful innovations to the consumers. And through innovation, an
entrepreneur must either reduce the overall cost of production by introducing new
methods and techniques in productions the use of new machinery, innovative organizing
of the industry, etc. or increase the demand of the products in the means of introducing
new quality and variety of goods, the opening of the new market, finding a new source of
materials, etc. In such way, entrepreneurs would ideally make a huge profit from
successful and relevant innovations he or she made.

Through the use of Innovation Theory of Profit in the perspectives of online teen
sellers, it will identify important aspects of selling goods and services which will give
way for the online sellers to make changes and innovate it by the ability to offer new and
high-quality products which will attract many online shoppers in response to the COVID-
19 Pandemic crisis. Thus, with the kind of innovation being applied by the online teen
sellers in their business, they will have a higher number of buyers through online
platforms which will give way to a higher profit.
As a result, a higher profit for their business with customer satisfaction. Online
business transactions have already been turned by technology into an endless marketplace
where doing business has become simpler and more profitable with both sellers and
purchasers. According to Keith (1960), marketing aims to please customers. This concept
emphasized the value of customer satisfaction by focusing on the needs and demands of
customers. Thomassen (2003, p. 69) distinguishes customer satisfaction as “The
perception of the customer as a result of consciously or unconsciously comparing his
experiences with his expectations. On the other hand, Zeithaml & Bitner (2003, p. 86) is
infrequently varied from Thomassen: “Satisfaction is the consumer fulfillment response.
It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product of service itself, provides
a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment.” Thus, Zeithaml and Bitner place
a high value on achieving a certain standard of buyer satisfaction. Rogers (2003) defined
the process of innovation communicated to members of a social system over time across
specific channels such as; verbal, non-verbal, or written communication. Through
communication, they can earn revenue that is meant to be a long-term value that can be
measured in terms of economic, social, and ethical environmental outcomes that can
boost the product inventory with the help of loyal customers. The business can maintain
the demand and supply of the marketplace by making use of sustainable profit.
Research Problem
The study aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 pandemic to the income
profitability of online teen sellers in Tacloban City. Additionally, it seeks to answer the
following questions:
1. What are the demographic profile of the teen online sellers in terms of:
1.1. Age;
1.2. Income before Pandemic; and
1.3. Income during Pandemic?
2. How the COVID-19 pandemic affected the online business of teen online sellers?
3. What factors affected the income profitability of teen online sellers in the midst of
COVID-19 pandemic?
4. How effective is online selling to the new normal lifestyle of teen online sellers?
Methods
Participants
The researchers selected sellers who market their products and services through
online platforms, specifically teenagers aged 13-19 years old as the subject of the study.
The respondents were randomly chosen all over the city of Tacloban. There is a total of
30 respondents for this study which were chosen through the use of convenience
sampling, a non-probability sampling in which it does not involve known non-zero
probabilities of selection (Lavrakas, 2008). In this study, participants were chosen in the
most convenient procedures, resources, and subjective methods present in the study.
The tables below show the demographic profile of the respondents (age) as well
as their estimated monthly income both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results are based on their responses in the survey questionnaire. It can be denoted that
the youngest participant of this study is sixteen (16) years old and the oldest participants
are aged nineteen (19).
Table 1
Age of Respondents
Age Number of Respondents Percentage

Thirteen (13) years old 0 0%
Fourteen (14) years old 0 0%
Fifteen (15) years old 0 0%
Sixteen (16) years old 1 3.33%
Seventeen (17) years old 8 26.67%
Eighteen (18) years old 17 56.67%
Nineteen (19) years old 4 13.33%
Table 1.1
Estimated Monthly Income of Respondents before the Pandemic
Income Before the Pandemic Number of Respondents Percentage
Php 0 – Php 10,000 22 73.33%
Php 10,001 – Php 20,000 1 3.33%
Php 20,001 – Php 30,000 0 0%
Php 30,001 – Php 40,000 0 0%
Php 40,001 – Php 50,000 0 0%
Others 7 23.33%
Table 1.2
Estimated Monthly Income of Respondents during the Pandemic
Income During the Pandemic Number of Respondents Percentage
Php 0 – Php 10,000 25 83.33%

Php 10,001 – Php 20,000 3 10.00%
Php 20,001 – Php 30,000 0 0%
Php 30,001 – Php 40,000 0 0%
Php 40,001 – Php 50,000 1 3.33%
Others 1 3.33%
Research Design
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the population switched to online
shopping in terms of purchasing daily necessities and thus, affected walk-in stores and
establishments as well as online shops and sellers in terms of sales. However, this study
focused on the impact of the pandemic in terms of the profit of online sellers. The study
was quantitative in approach. Quantitative research is the process of collecting and

analyzing numerical data. It can be used to make predictions, find averages and patterns,
and conclude results to a wider population (Pritha Bhandari, 2020). Since the researchers,
sought to know the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the income profitability of teen
online sellers, quantitative research was the best method to use. This method helped to
identify factors and effects of COVID-19 pandemic that affected the income profitability
of teen online sellers.
The descriptive research method was used in discerning the impact of the
pandemic on the profitability of online sellers. Descriptive research is a method that aims
accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon (Shona
McCombes, 2019). The researchers used this method because the objective of this study
was to discern and describe the relationship of the pandemic on the profit of online
sellers.
Descriptive research is a quantitative research approach that aims to obtain
quantifiable information from a demographic sample for statistical study. It is a common
market analysis method that helps one to capture and describe the nature of the
demographic segment. (QuestionPro). Thus, this research design was used as an
instrument to integrate the different components of the study to be able to gather and
define the factors affecting the income profitability of teen online seller in Tacloban City.
A survey was conducted to gather data with regards to the sales and profitability
of the sellers concerning the pandemic. A comparison was made between their sales and
profit before and during the pandemic to describe the impact of COVID-19 to the seller’s
income profitability. The data gathered was measured, analyzed and was also evaluated.
Measures
The researchers used a quantitative method in conducting the research study.
There were thirty teens chosen through a convenience sampling technique. Through
survey created by ourselves the researchers distributed an online google form
questionnaire in their respective Messenger/Facebook accounts.
The objective of the study is to identify the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on
the income profitability of teen online sellers in Tacloban City. Hence, some variables
were measured to come up with data that was sorted out to show results, findings, and
conclusions. Thus, survey questionnaires were used.
The first part was the Personal Information of the respondents. The first part
covers up the demographic profile of the respondents. This includes their names
(optional), business name, and age. The second part is two (2) sets of checkboxes that
correspond to the monthly income of teen online sellers before and during the pandemic.
This was to identify the difference made by the COVID-19 Pandemic that made an
impact on the income profitability of teen online sellers. This was measured through an
ordinal scale. An ordinal scale is a measurement scale that allocates values to each
variable based on their relative ranking given with respect to one another (Salkind, 2010).
The last variable was also measured with an ordinal scale, specifically the Likert Scale.
According to Jamieson (2013), the Likert Scale is a rating system that is used to measure
people’s opinions, perceptions, and attitudes. Subjects have a range of possible responses
to specific questions or statements in where they can choose from one of those responses.
The last variable was divided into three (3) sub-parts to specifically identify the main
objectives of the study. Each sub-parts have consisted of five (5) specific statements that
could possibly answer the questions of the researchers. Each statement was measured
through the Likert Scale that implies a level of agreement: Strongly Agree, Agree,
Neutral, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. In addition, the three tables were interpreted
based on the scales with concluding intervals: Very Low (Strongly Disagree) = 1-1.80;
Low (Disagree) = 1.81-2.60; Moderate (Neutral) = 2.61-3.40; High (Agree) = 3.41-4.20;
and Very High (Strongly Agree) = 4.21-5
Table 2
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Online Business of Online Teen Sellers
Number in
Item Expert 1 Expert 2 Expert 3 I-CVI
Agreement
1 X X X 3 1.00
2 X X X 3 1.00
3 X X X 3 1.00
4 X X X 3 1.00
5 X X X 3 1.00
Mean I-CVI
= 1.00
S-CVI/UA =
1.00
Table 2.1
Factors Affecting the Income Profitability of Online Teen Sellers amidst the COVID-19
Pandemic
Number in
Agreement
1 X X X 3 1.00
2 X X X 3 1.00
3 X X X 3 1.00
4 X X X 3 1.00
5 X X X 3 1.00
Mean I-CVI
= 1.00
S-CVI/UA =
1.00
Table 2.2
Effectiveness of Online Selling to the New Normal Style of Online Teen Sellers
Number in
Agreement
1 X X X 3 1.00
2 X X X 3 1.00
3 X X X 3 1.00
4 X X X 3 1.00
5 X X X 3 1.00
Mean I-CVI
= 1.00
S-CVI/UA =
1.00
The table shows how the three content experts have rated the contents of the
questionnaires have been made. In these three table, all the items in the questionnaire
have the score of 4 from the content validators. In the Number of Agreement column all
the tables have similar number which is 3 and for the I-CVI, to find its value the
researchers have divided the ratings given by the content experts by the total number of
experts resulting to the I-CVI value of 1.00 for all the three tables given above. Given
that all the tables have had an I-CVI of 1.00 so automatically its Mean I-CVI is equal to
1.00. Meanwhile in order to get its S-CVI/UA, the researchers have divided the total
number of items in the scale by the number of items that received the same rating from
all the content experts. Thus, all three tables have the same mean for both I-CVI and S-
CVI which is equal to 1 and all the items that were validated have achieved high ratings
and are relevant.
Procedure
In this study, the researchers used quantitative research approach. In the
procedure, researchers respectfully requested permission from prospective participants of

the study. This is important so as not to violate the Data Privacy Act. After the approval
of the participants, survey questionnaires were thoroughly distributed by the researchers
to the participants by sending the Google Forms link of the questionnaire document
through the Facebook Messenger accounts of each participants. In addition, during the
delivery of the survey questionnaires, respondents were given the assurance that their
identities and their response with regards to the study will be kept confidential. The
questionnaires were voluntarily answered by the participants. After answering the survey
questionnaires, the responses of the participants were directly recorded by Google
Spreadsheet. The collected data eventually underwent the process of analyzation,
measurement, and evaluation with the use of MS Excel as the statistical tool and finally
came up with the precise findings, results, and conclusions.
Results
This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the income
profitability of teen online sellers based in Tacloban City. Specifically, it examined the
effects of the pandemic to the online business, the factors affecting the income
profitability, and the effectiveness of online selling in this new normal.
Table 3
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Online Business of Teen Sellers
Statements Mean Interpretation

1. It increased the number of online shoppers due to
travel and health restrictions imposed by local 4.53 Very High
authorities.
2. It increased the demands for goods and services
4.17 High
offered.
3. It increased the number of newly designated products

4.50 Very High
to be offered
4. It improved the capacity of online business services. 4.43 Very High
5. It increased the risk of online scamming and identity

4.10 High
theft.
Overall Mean and Interpretation 4. 35 Very High
In Table 3, the overall mean is 4.35 and interpreted as exhibiting very high effect
to the business of online teen sellers. The increase is evident on the following: shoppers
(due to travel and health restrictions), demands of goods and services, newly designated
products to be offered, the capacity of services, and the risk of online scamming and
identity theft. Specifically, the Philippine government imposed strict quarantine measures
to half of the Filipino population last March 16, 2020, which resulted to a shutdown of
transportation services and temporary closure of business establishments, leaving the
essential stores to operate with limited employees (Reuters, 2020). People nowadays
change what, when, and how they purchase, from the previous bulk-buying in the pre-
pandemic to online shopping (Big Commerce, 2021). Since then, teenagers who keep on
thriving in launching their own business resorted to online selling. Making it on demand
because of the goods and services they provide and for their effort to keep on improving
their services. Although some of the respondents gave a higher mean on the positive
effects included in Table 3, there is still a possibility of online scamming and theft.
Table 4
Factors Affecting the Income Profitability of Online Teen Sellers Amidst COVID-19
1. The availability of goods and services offered online. 4.43 Very High
2. The use of online platforms where goods and

services can be advertised and purchased by online 4.60 Very High
shoppers.
3. The lower cost of goods and services. 3.80 High
4. The preferences of online shoppers. 4.50 Very High
5. Offered freebies, privileges, and discounts. 4.33 Very High
In Table 4, the highest mean of 4.60 belongs to the second statement and
interpreted as very high, which pertains to the highest factor affecting online teen sellers’
income profitability amidst the pandemic. As shown in Table 4, it is the use of online
platforms where goods and services can be advertised and purchased by online shoppers.
Currently, almost all consumers have access to technology that clicking and scrolling
through different online platforms paved the way in acquiring their needs and wants. The
latest data shows that 77 percent of internet users worldwide buy something online every
month via mobile devices than laptop and desktop computers. (Global Web Index as cited
by Data Reportal, 2021). Online and new platforms with different advertisements were
consistently popping up, especially in social media platforms, such as, Facebook,
Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, Pinterest, Youtube, Snapchat, and Tiktok (Hubspot Inc,.
2020). Other websites also accepted paid advertisements and online shopping apps like
Shopee, Lazada, Alibaba, Amazon, etc. As reported by Data Reportal from Statistica
(2020), the average e-commerce shopper spends more than US$700 annually on online
purchases. Due to the modern generation having a new and progressing technology, it
changed people’s buying behavior, bringing a different direction to their discovery
journey (Citic, 2018).

Table 5
Effectiveness of Online Selling in the New Normal Lifestyle of Teen Sellers
1. It increased the daily income of online business by

4.33 Very High
offering goods and services.
2. It improved the excellent relationship with the
4.17 High
consumer.
3. Technological innovations in advertising products
attracted more customers to purchase a particular 4.47 Very High
product.
4. The business became more reliable and trustworthy
4.33 Very High
in the eyes of online shoppers.
5. It allowed to reach a wider span of customers. 4.53 Very High
Overall Mean and Interpretation 4.37 Very High
In Table 5, the overall mean is 4.37 and interpreted the effectiveness of online
selling to the new normal style of online teen sellers as very high. As shown in Table 5,
there was an increase in daily income from offering goods and services as well as an
improved relationship to customers. These technological innovations attracted many
customers and the reliability and trustworthiness of business to online shoppers’ eyes. In
addition to Muhammad et al. (2020), 56 percent of people buy more products online than
on physical stores during the COVID-19 pandemic. Towards that outcome, the online
business of teen sellers in Tacloban City became effective.
Discussion
The present study consists of an overall purpose. It is to identify the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on the income profitability of online teen sellers. Specifically, it
seeks to answer the following research questions; the effects affecting the online business,
the factors affecting the income profitability of online teen sellers during the pandemic,
and the effectiveness of online selling in the new normal lifestyle of teen sellers.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Online Business of Teen Sellers
The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the
business of online teen sellers. One of the effects of the pandemic on online businesses is,
it has increased the number of online shoppers due to travel and health restrictions
imposed by local authorities. According to Torry (2020), the Coronavirus pandemic
widens a digital divide, amplifying gains for businesses that cater to customers online,
while some are more reliant on traditional processes and models and are fighting for
survival. A reason why they have no other choice but to close, and as a precaution,
customers are generally avoiding public places. According to Kumar (2015), to provide
customers more of what they need effectively and efficiently, sellers offer their products
online. Thus, it determines that the COVID-19 pandemic positively affects online
businesses by gathering and attracting more customers for safer and hassle-free shopping.
Factors Affecting the Income Profitability of Online Teen Sellers Amidst COVID-19
The results reveal that the main factor in increased income profitability among
online teen sellers in Tacloban City during the pandemic was using different online
platforms in selling their goods and services. The use of various online platforms allowed
teenage sellers to widen their reach, and it helped them promote and advertise their
products and services better. Moreover, most customers nowadays have access to
technology, and a lot of them are resorting to online shopping since the pandemic started
(Arreola, 2020). Similar results in a study observed by Helin Öven et al. (2020) showed
that most e-commerce firms have experienced positive impacts and increased sales due to
the pandemic. It is because people mainly did not want to go out and risk becoming
infected with the virus. That is why they resorted to shopping online rather than going to
physical stores during crisis period. Although most online businesses and e-commerce
platforms have experienced gains during the pandemic, others have been affected in other
ways and some, are almost not affected by the abrupt changes.
Effectiveness of Online Selling in the New Normal Lifestyle of Teen Sellers
The results show that online selling is effective to the new normal style of online
teen sellers. One of the reasons it is effective is that it allows reaching a wider audience
since online selling gathers attention faster. Studies also show that the continuous growth
of electronics added to the effectiveness of online selling. With technological advances
purchasing online became a click away. According to Alusen (2019), when purchasing
digitally, tangibility has a notable impact on the consumers’ contentment. Especially the
size and quality of the product. Another factor is the strategies used by online shops.
Promotional approaches such as vouchers and discounted prices attract the attention of
online buyers to purchase their products. Also, the services they offer are favorable to the
consumers through providing more convenience in acquiring their wants and needs.
Limitations
During the conduct of the study, there have been several limitations that the
researchers have encountered. The first was the small sample size. There was no exact
number of teen online sellers between the age of 13 and 19 in Tacloban City. This was
the reason why the researchers used non-probability sampling, specifically convenience
sampling, and later on was able to arrive at 30 respondents only. It is observable that
having a small sample size can affect the research results and findings since the smaller
the number of samples in a population, the higher its margin of error.
Secondly, in spite of the small sample size, seeking for 30 respondents had some
drawbacks because of the following: (a) the researchers find it hard to look for
respondents that were suitable for the research study, particularly to the required age
group. Some answered the survey who were not eligible for the age limit but it was later
on identified; (b) some of the researchers did not have people whom they knew were
from the Tacloban City area. Thus, there were difficulties in completing the number of
research participants during the given period of the survey process; (c) there were some
research respondents who were contacted online but did not respond to the messages sent
by the researchers; (d) some were not interested in answering the survey questionnaire.
Ergo, these were the limitations that were already out of the control of the researchers in
terms of looking for the respondents.
The third was there had been respondents who did not take the survey seriously.
There have been anomalies found that the way they have answered it was in random
order. It was determined because the answers they have chosen did not have connections
with the previous ones. However, this occurrence has been pointed out and was
eliminated from being included in the data analysis.
The fourth one was there was also limited interaction with the respondents. Due to
the pandemic, the researchers were not able to have face-to-face interaction with the
respondents, which affected the delivery method of the questionnaires. Thus, the response
rate was influenced by the interaction between the researchers and the respondents.
Lastly, this study on the effect of COVID-19 on the income profitability of teen
online sellers was also being constrained by time and this was another limitation of the
researchers. Of course, there were deadlines set and it has to be completed on that day of
submission. In the case of these researchers, one semester was given to accomplish the
research paper. Because of this, it is inevitable that some aspects of the study were
accomplished in a rush and therefore have affected the quality of the research study.
Recommendations
Based on the statistical results and findings of the study, COVID-19 had a
significant impact to the income profitability of online teen sellers. Thus, the researchers
recommends to further conduct related studies on the online selling industry that is
widely affected by the current pandemic crisis to further discuss its probable effects to the
new normal environment. By doing so, online sellers, especially teenagers, will be guided
as to how they will manage their business effectively, what necessary actions they must
take to improve their services, and to resolve apparent problems and issues that are
encountered in their business in this time of crisis caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Moreover, based on the identified stable increase in sales and resulting positive impacts
caused by the pandemic crisis to the income profitability of online selling, the researchers
recommend the study to be a reliant basis for teenagers who wishes to start their own
online business. This study will help them to set plans and make strategies in maintaining
their business and thereby earn reasonable profit.
This study further recommends the future researchers who aims to study a similar
research to conduct it in a different locale where the sample size is much detailed and
wider. One of the researchers’ limitations in this study is the small sample size. The study
has been conducted in Tacloban City where the precise number of online sellers aged 13-
19 years old is undefined. Additionally, it is recommended to conduct the related study
that involves a wider number of potential respondents who can take part in the data
gathering process. There has been a difficulty in gathering respondents since most of the
researchers of this study do not know much of the people who were teen online sellers in
Tacloban City. Thus, it is best to allocate ample time in data gathering because searching
for appropriate participants takes time, especially not all people who are chosen to
participate are interested to be part of your study.
In a different view, this study also recommends that teen online sellers should
ensure that they would be able to satisfy their customer’s demands. It includes
considering their suggestions and meeting their expectations. One of the expectations of
customers is the good quality of products and services. And so, it is important for the teen
online sellers to ensure that the goods they are selling are in good condition and of high
quality. Moreover, it is expected that the promotional advertisements of the goods posted
online should be the same as their actual look to avoid receiving disappointments or bad
feedbacks from the customers. Feedbacks are of the utmost importance to gain buyers.
Consequently, reliability has become essential nowadays. Seventy (70) percent of
customers worldwide said that in this time of pandemic, there are a lot of cases of online
scamming and identity theft. Some uses online business to scam people and earn money
in a wrong way.
Another is, teen online sellers should not only focus on one business industry. In
this crisis that we are facing right now, it is advisable for businesses to expand their target
market in terms of the products being sold to maximize wealth in exchange of product
satisfaction. As long as the products being sold suits its price and the quality it provides,
then it is beneficial for both sellers and buyers. Furthermore, it is also advisable to
collaborate with other teen online seller or with other entities that would help both sides
in terms of advertising and progress. Advertising products through social media platforms
is one of the advantages of online selling. Thus, it is encouraged for the business entity to
maximize the reachable scope of customers of the business through the use of online
platforms.
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APPENDICES
February 1, 2021
MS. JANELLE PAMELA PEDRERO

Instructor
Saint Paul School of Professional Studies
Dear Ma’am/Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned is a Grade 12 Senior High School Student of Saint Paul School of Professional
Studies undertaking a research entitled THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO THE
INCOME PROFITABILITY OF TEEN ONLINE SELLERS IN TACLOBAN CITY.
With your expertise, I am humbly asking your time to validate the survey instruments for my study.
Please find attached the following documents:
a. Table of Specifications for the Sub-variables in Survey Questionnaire A
b. Survey Questionnaire A (For Teen Online Sellers)
I am looking forward that my request would merit your positive response.
Thank you and more power!
Respectfully yours,
CARL JULES C. MAMAR

Grade 12 SHS Student
Noted by:
CARL ALJON M. LACABA

Research Adviser
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents,
Good Day! The undersigned are conducting a survey regarding “The Impact of
COVID-19 Pandemic to the Income Profitability of Teen Online Sellers in Tacloban City.”
Please complete this questionnaire as accurately as possible by filling out the information
needed. The information you will provide will be treated with utmost confidentiality and
will be used solely for academic purposes.
Your participation in this study is much appreciated. Thank you and God Bless!
Sincerely yours,
Grade 12 ABM Students
I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Direction: Fill in the blanks provided below to complete the information being asked.
Name (optional):______________________________________________ Age: ____
Business name: _______________________________________________
II. INCOME INFORMATION
Direction: Please put a check (✓) on the number that best corresponds to your answer.
1. How much is the estimated monthly income of your online business before the COVID-19
Pandemic?
₱0 - ₱10,000 ₱10,001 - ₱20,000 ₱20,001 - ₱30,000

₱30,001 - ₱40,000 ₱40,001 - ₱50,000 Others (specify): ______
2. How much is the estimated monthly income of your online business during the COVID-19
Pandemic?
₱0 - ₱10,000 ₱10,001 - ₱20,000 ₱20,001 - ₱30,000

₱30,001 - ₱40,000 ₱40,001 - ₱50,000 Others (specify): ______
III. THE EFFECTS AND FACTORS AFFECTING INCOME PROFITABILITY

Direction: Please put a check (✓) on the number that best corresponds to your answer.
Code Description
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neutral
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
A. Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Online Business of

Scale
Online Teen Sellers
Statements 5 4 3 2 1
1. It increased the number of online shoppers due to travel and health
restrictions imposed by local authorities.
2. It increased the demands of goods and services offered.
3. It increased the number of newly designed products to be offered.
4. It improved the capacity of online business services.
5. It increased the risk of online scamming and identity theft.
B. Factors Affecting the Income Profitability of Online Teen

Scale
Sellers amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
1. The availability of goods and services offered online
2. The use of online platforms where goods and services can be
advertised and purchased by online shoppers
3. The lower cost of goods and services
4. The preferences of online shoppers
5. Offered freebies, privileges, and discounts
C. Effectiveness of Online Selling to the New Normal Style of

Scale
Online Teen Sellers
1. It increased the daily income of online business from offering
goods and services.
2. It improved the good relationship with the consumer.
3. Technological Innovations in advertising products attracted more
customers to purchase a certain product.
4. The business became more reliable and trusted to the eyes
of online shoppers.
5. It allowed to reach a wider span of customers.
TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE SUB-VARIABLES IN SURVEY

QUESTIONNAIRE A
Table 1
Table of Specifications for Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Online Business of
Online Teen Sellers
Dimension Definition Item Numbers Percent

a stage wherein a business expands
Growth and seeks additional options to 1, 4 40
come up with increased sales
a rate in which goods are produced
Productivity 2, 3 40
or work is completed
measures taken to prevent
Cyber security computer systems from being 5 20
hacked
Total 100
Table 2
Table of Specifications for Factors Affecting the Income Profitability of Online Teen
Sellers amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dimensions Definition Item Numbers Percent

Indicates the fulfilment of a
Customer
customer towards a product or 1, 3, 5 60
Satisfaction
services
An act to make people aware and
Promotion be attracted of a certain product 2, 4 40
Total 100
Table 3
Table of Specifications for Effectiveness of Online Selling to the New Normal Style of
Online Teen Sellers
Dimensions Definition Item Number Percent

Helps a business entity to run its
Technology 3, 5 40
business operational processes
A way of a business entity to
Customer
communicate and deal with 2, 4 40
Relationship
existing customers
The income received by a
Sales Revenue business entity from its sale of 1 20
good or rendered services.
Total 100
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO

THE INCOME PROFITABILITY OF TEEN ONLINE SELLERS IN TACLOBAN
CITY
Directions: Please rate the given statements according to relevance, clarity, simplicity,
and ambiguity with “1” being the lowest and “4” being the highest.
A. Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Online Business of Online Teen Sellers

Criteria
Ambiguity
Relevance
Simplicity
Clarity
Statement
Comments/Suggestions
It increased the number of online shoppers due to travel

1
and health restrictions imposed by local authorities.
2 It increased the demands of goods and services offered.
It increased the number of newly designed products to
3
be offered.
4 It improved the capacity of online business services.
It increased the risk of online scamming and identity
5
theft.
B. Factors Affecting the Income Profitability of Online Teen Sellers amidst the COVID-19
Pandemic
Criteria
Ambiguity
Relevance
Simplicity
Clarity
Statement
1 The availability of goods and services offered online

The use of online platforms where goods and services
2
can be advertised and purchased by online shoppers
3 The lower cost of goods and services
4 The preferences of online shoppers
5 Offered freebies, privileges, and discounts

C. Effectiveness of Online Selling to the New Normal Style of Online Teen Sellers
Criteria
Ambiguity
Relevance
Simplicity
Clarity
Statement
It increased the daily income of online business from

1
offering goods and services.
2 It improved the good relationship with the consumer.
Technological Innovations in advertising products
3
attracted more customers to purchase a certain product.
The business became more reliable and trusted to the
4
eyes of online shoppers.
5 It allowed to reach a wider span of customers.
Attachment C
FOUR-POINT RATING
Criteria Four-Point Rating

2 3
1 4
Relevance Item needs some Relevant but needs
Not relevant Very relevant
revision minor revision
2 3
1 4
Clarity Item needs some Clear but needs
Not clear Very clear
2 3
1 4
Simplicity Item needs some Simple but needs
Not simple Very simple
Mamar, Carl Jules C.

0965 128 5532
20191694@spsps.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA
Grade & Section: 12 - St. Matthew
Course: Accountancy Business Management
Age: 17
Birthday: April 23, 2003
Civil Status: Single
Permanent Address: Brgy. Kalinawan Jaro, Leyte
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
 Senior High school Saint Paul School of Professional Studies – Palo

Campetic, Palo
Accountancy Business Management
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Eastern Visayas State University

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Jaro I Central School

Jaro, Leyte
(2010-2015)
Redoña, Jericho C.
0966 532 5757
PERSONAL DATA
Course: Accountancy Business Management (ABM)
Age: 18
Birthday: July 2, 2002
Permanent Address: Brgy. Baras Tanauan, Leyte

Campetic, Palo, Leyte
Accountancy Business Management (ABM)
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home

Industries (TSCHI) Tanauan, Leyte
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Sta. Fe Central School

Sta. Fe, Leyte
(2009-2015)
Maderazo, Anjlyn L.
09564261776
anjlynmaderazo05@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Course: Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM)
Age: 18
Birthday: November 5, 2002
Permanent Address: PHHC Barangay 72 Housing Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
Accountancy, Business, and Management
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Leyte National High School

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Rizal Central School

Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
Godin, Ma. Carlett Rosell G.

0966 528 4431
31carlettgodin@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Birthday: October 31, 2002
Permanent Address: Brgy. Magiliw, Jiabong, Samar

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School St. Mary’s College of Catbalogan

(2015-2019)
 Elementary St. Mary’s College of Catbalogan

(2010-2015)
Baldevia, Sir Florian Y.

0967 314 4363
sirflorianbaldevia@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Course: Accountancy, Business, and Management
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Brgy. 80 Marasbaras Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)

Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
Bolic, Trizha Rochelle M.

0961 733 2424
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Birthday: September 23, 2002
Permanent Address: Brgy. Butnga Oras, Eastern Samar

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Holy Cross Academy of Oras Inc.

Oras Eastern Samar
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Oras East District Sped Center

Oras Eastern Samar
(2009-2015)
Coral, Jorge Vincent C.

09773128135
jvcoral30@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: V&G Subdivision, Phase 4 Ext. Block 28, Lot 30, Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Holy Infant College

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Sacred Heart College

Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
Matulac, James Justine B.

0938 490 4176
matulacjamesjustine@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 17
Birthday: May 07, 2003
Permanent Address: Brgy. San Jose, Dulag, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School San Jose National High School

San Jose, Dulag, Leyte
(2015-2019)
 Elementary San Jose Central School

San Jose, Dulag, Leyte
(2014-2015)
Nirza, Joy Caroline Y.

0945 877 2133
PERSONAL DATA
Course: Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Age: 19
Birthday: December 30, 2001
Permanent Address: Brgy. Magay, Tanauan, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
Accountancy, Business and Management
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Assumption Academy, Inc.

Tanauan, Leyte
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Tanauan I Central School

Tanauan, Leyte
(2009-2015)
Esperas, Frances Mae C.

0915 945 8676
PERSONAL DATA
Course: Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Age: 19
Birthday: April 14, 2002
Permanent Address: Phase 4 Blk. 14 Lot 1 V&G Subd. Brgy. 109-A, Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Leyte National High School- STE

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Sto. Nino Sped Center

Tacloban City
(2013-2015)
Burauen North Central School

Burauen, Leyte
(2009-2013)
Alcober, Louise Nicole E.

0955 110 7870
lnalcober@gmail.com/20191693@spsps.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Birthday: January 8, 2003
Permanent Address: San Diego St. Poblacion Dist. IX, Burauen, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Burauen North Central School

Burauen, Leyte
(2010-2015)
Dandan, Kent Gin B.

0948 322 3560
kentginbautistadandan@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Kempis Street, Brgy. Serrano, Dulag, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Dulag National High School

Dulag, Leyte
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Dulag SPED Center

Dulag, Leyte
(2008-2015)
Deladia, Carmel Gene Ira M.

0966 528 1125
carmeldeladia28@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Sto. Rosario Ext. Street, Brgy. 06, Balangiga, Eastern Samar

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Southern Samar National Comprehensive High School

Balangiga, Eastern Samar
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Balangiga Central Elementary School

Balangiga, Eastern Samar
(2009-2015)
Operario, Gillian Josette A

0912 157 6947
gillianjosette@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Dr. Operario St., Brgy. Tabi, Sulat, Eastern Samar

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Sulat National High School

Sulat, Eastern Samar
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Sulat Central Elementary School

Sulat, Eastern Samar
(2009-2015)
Adornado, Rosa Mia U.

0926 633 4021
rosamiaadornado16@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Brgy. 88 San Jose, Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Sto. Niño SPED Center

Tacloban City
(2009-2015)
Gerilla, Liannah Gwyneth G.

0928 494 8626
liannahgwynethgerilla@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 17
Permanent Address: Zone 4 Brgy. Sto. Nino, Tanauan, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Tanauan 1 Central School

Tanauan, Leyte
(2010-2015)
Pulma, Leslie Anne S.

0906 964 5165
Annemodesto535@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 19
Birthday: June 1, 2001
Permanent Address: Brgy. 47 Real St. Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary San Fernando Central School

Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
Tenefrancia, Althea Chem E.

0926 691 2046
actenefrancia@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 19
Birthday: January 07, 2002
Permanent Address: Brgy. 74 Nula Tula, Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary St. Therese Christian Development Center

Foundation Inc.
Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
Treceñe, Krissa A.
09559170193
trecenekrissa@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: 228-H Real Street Brgy. 53 Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Leyte National High School

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary San Fernando Central School

Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
De Los Santos, Jessa Mae C.

0950 202 5417
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Zone III, Balud, Capoocan, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Asuncion S. Melgar National High School

Poblacion Zone II, Capoocan, Leyte
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Balud Elementary School

Balud, Capoocan, Leyte
(2009-2015)
Metran, Kristina Cassandra S.

0956 132 8679
metrankristina@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Brgy. Nauguisan, Carigara, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)
 Junior High School Holy Cross College of Carigara

Carigara, Leyte
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Cong. Alberto T. Aguja Memorial Central School

Carigara, Leyte
(2007-2015)
Gallor, Miriam, C.
0915 977 1455
miriamgallor@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Age: 17
Birthday: June 02,2003
Permanent Address: 3rd. St. Brgy 83 Paraiso San Jose, Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)

Tacloban City
(2010-2015)
Liwa, Rian Claire R.

0956 457 3549
rianclaireliwa@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Grade & Section: 12-St. Matthew
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Brgy. 6 Sto. Niño Ext. Tacloban City

Campetic, Palo
(2019- Present)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Sto. Niño SPED Center

Tacloban City
(2009-2015)
Matoza, Kristelle Joy M.

0927 033 3829
dodekmatoza@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Grade & Section: 12-St. Matthew
Age: 18
Permanent Address: Brgy. 3 Lastrilla St. Jaro, Leyte

Campetic, Palo
(2020 - Present)
Dr. Vicente Orestes Romualdez Educational

Foundation
Tacloban, City
(2019 – 2020)

Tacloban City
(2015-2019)
 Elementary Holy Infant College

Tacloban City
(2012-2015)
Jaro 1 Central School

Jaro, Leyte
(2009 – 2012)

Matthew Outlaws Income Profitability

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Matthew Outlaws Income Profitability

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Running Head: IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC TO INCOME PROFITABILITY 1

Saint Paul School Of Professional Studies

Professional Studies. Corresponding concerns about this paper should be addressed to

Studies, Campetic Road, Palo, Leyte. G-Suite Account: 20191694@spsps.edu.ph

to the new normal environment.

Keywords: COVID-19, online selling, teenagers, income profitability, new normal

their daily necessities.

would probably reach $6.5 Trillion by the year 2023 (Statista).

As individuals shows more interest in e-commerce for their acquiring activities,

pandemic (Xinhua, 2020).

A research study placed an emphasis in knowing the problems of buying and

businesspersons within the1990’s remains functional. (Reichheld, et. al, 2000).

commerce in Tacloban City.

An overview of the situation is pertained from online sellers and consumers

sellers’ sales. Moreover, as the E-commerce business’ revenues rises, opportunity-

goods and services prior to mandates of prohibiting individuals to go outside their

households. Thus, the online market industry goes in.

According to Rahman (2020), the industry of e-commerce decreases issuing

during the global pandemic. Furthermore, such implications in the decision-making of

According to UNCTAD (2020), the global pandemic have caused an accelerated

increased by 6% to 10% in most of the product categories. However, online spending

According to Nartea, et. al (2019), online shopper considered factors in online

shopping such as sales promotion, advertisements, social environment, feedback,

reliability of the products; advertisements that contains necessary information of the

behaviours of the consumers. Thus, online sellers should be knowledgeable in keeping a

due to global pandemic crisis.

Teenagers have an important role in purchasing measure as they are well

teenagers in a family. The study sees the importance of comprehending their

development involves biological, psychological and social changes. Companies have

ranging from 13 to 19 years of age must be operated. (V. Tripathi, 2016).

According to Kumar (2015), in order to provide customers more of what they

making online consumers increase rapidly.

Reduced Overall Cost of Product Increased Demand for Products

successful and relevant innovations he or she made.

platforms which will give way to a higher profit.

customers. Thomassen (2003, p. 69) distinguishes customer satisfaction as “The

perception of the customer as a result of consciously or unconsciously comparing his

infrequently varied from Thomassen: “Satisfaction is the consumer fulfillment response.

a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment.” Thus, Zeithaml and Bitner place

specific channels such as; verbal, non-verbal, or written communication. Through

1.2. Income before Pandemic; and

1.3. Income during Pandemic?

sampling, a non-probability sampling in which it does not involve known non-zero

are aged nineteen (19).

Age Number of Respondents Percentage

Income Before the Pandemic Number of Respondents Percentage

Php 0 – Php 10,000 22 73.33%

Php 10,001 – Php 20,000 1 3.33%

Php 20,001 – Php 30,000 0 0%

Php 30,001 – Php 40,000 0 0%

Php 40,001 – Php 50,000 0 0%

Income During the Pandemic Number of Respondents Percentage

Php 0 – Php 10,000 25 83.33%

was quantitative in approach. Quantitative research is the process of collecting and

of teen online sellers.

accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon (Shona

Descriptive research is a quantitative research approach that aims to obtain

quantifiable information from a demographic sample for statistical study. It is a common

demographic segment. (QuestionPro). Thus, this research design was used as an

survey created by ourselves the researchers distributed an online google form

questionnaire in their respective Messenger/Facebook accounts.

conclusions. Thus, survey questionnaires were used.

Low (Disagree) = 1.81-2.60; Moderate (Neutral) = 2.61-3.40; High (Agree) = 3.41-4.20;